海水网箱养殖大黄鱼烂尾病病原研究

[目的]研究危害舟山海水网箱养殖大黄鱼烂尾病的病原,为制订有效的防治措施提供技术依据。[方法]取深水养殖网箱之患病鱼分离病原菌,进行人工感染试验和药敏试验。[结果]从病鱼尾鳍和肌肉病灶分离到2个菌株,人工感染试验证明S030901菌株能导致试验鱼100%死亡,S030902菌株对试验鱼几乎无毒性。根据菌株的形态和生理生化特性实验结果,S030901菌株为哈氏弧菌(Vibrio.Harveyi),S030902菌株为溶藻弧菌(Vibrio alginolyticus)。药敏试验结果,S030901对诺氟沙星等17种药物高度敏感,对头孢拉定等7种药物中度敏感,对青霉素G等16种药物不敏感。[结论]哈氏弧菌是舟山海水网箱养殖大黄鱼烂尾病的病原菌。     

MR imaging of epicondylitis

Objective. To systematically evaluate the MR findings in patients with epicondylitis compared with asymptomatic volunteers. Design and patients. We imaged 43 elbows: 24 with epicondylitis (22 lateral, 2 medial) diagnosed by clinical examination, and 19 in 16 normal volunteers. MRI was performed at 1.5 T using axial T1-weighted, axial fat-saturated FSE, and coronal or sagittal Fast STIR sequences. Two independent observers evaluated the images for intratendon signal, tendon thickening, periosteal reaction, fluid in the radial head bursa, and anconeus edema. Results. All 24 patients with epicondylitis had increased signal on fat-saturated FSE and Fast STIR images. Twenty-two of these patients had increased intratendon T1 signal, and 19 had tendon thickening. No patient demonstrated fluid in the radial head bursa or periosteal reaction. Only two patients had subtle anconeus edema, while three patients unexpectedly had increased T2 signal within the involved epicondyle. One asymptomatic volunteer (high-performance athlete) had increased T1 and T2 signal with tendon thickening. An additional two asymptomatic volunteers had increased T1 signal only. Conclusion. MRI of epicondylitis demonstrates tendon thickening with increased T1 and T2 signal, but these findings may be seen in a small minority of asymptomatic individuals. Anconeus edema, previously demonstrated on MRI in epicondylitis, was only rarely found, and distension of the radial head bursa, surgically described, was not seen. Increased marrow T2 signal within the involved epicondyle is occasionally seen.     

肾上腺髓质素的分子生物学意义及对肾脏损伤的影响

0 引言 肾上腺髓质素(adrenomedullin,ADM)是一种从人嗜铬细胞瘤组织中分离纯化出的多肽,它在正常肾上腺髓质及源于肾上腺髓质的嗜铬细胞瘤中含量丰富.近年来发现ADM在肾脏功能调节方面起着重要作用,现对ADM的生物学特性、生物学作用及其对肾脏的作用进行概述.     

Evaluation of BRCA1 and BRCA2 mutations and risk-prediction models in a typical Asian country (Malaysia) with a relatively low incidence of breast cancer

Introduction

The cost of genetic testing and the limited knowledge about the BRCA1 and BRCA2 genes in different ethnic groups has limited its availability in medium- and low-resource countries, including Malaysia. In addition, the applicability of many risk-assessment tools, such as the Manchester Scoring System and BOADICEA (Breast and Ovarian Analysis of Disease Incidence and Carrier Estimation Algorithm) which were developed based on mutation rates observed primarily in Caucasian populations using data from multiplex families, and in populations where the rate of breast cancer is higher, has not been widely tested in Asia or in Asians living elsewhere. Here, we report the results of genetic testing for mutations in the BRCA1 or BRCA2 genes in a series of families with breast cancer in the multi-ethnic population (Malay, Chinese and Indian) of Malaysia.

Method

A total of 187 breast cancer patients with either early-onset breast cancer (at age ≤ 40 years) or a personal and/or family history of breast or ovarian cancer were comprehensively tested by full sequencing of both BRCA1 and BRCA2. Two algorithms to predict the presence of mutations, the Manchester Scoring System and BOADICEA, were evaluated.

Results

Twenty-seven deleterious mutations were detected (14 in BRCA1 and 13 in BRCA2), only one of which was found in two unrelated individuals (BRCA2 490 delCT). In addition, 47 variants of uncertain clinical significance were identified (16 in BRCA1 and 31 in BRCA2). Notably, many mutations are novel (13 of the 30 BRCA1 mutations and 24 of the 44 BRCA2). We report that while there were an equal proportion of BRCA1 and BRCA2 mutations in the Chinese population in our study, there were significantly more BRCA2 mutations among the Malays. In addition, we show that the predictive power of the BOADICEA risk-prediction model and the Manchester Scoring System was significantly better for BRCA1 than BRCA2, but that the overall sensitivity, specificity and positive-predictive value was lower in this population than has been previously reported in Caucasian populations.

Conclusion

Our study underscores the need for larger collaborative studies among non-Caucasian populations to validate the role of genetic testing and the use of risk-prediction models in ensuring that the other populations in the world may also benefit from the genomics and genetics era.     

Congenital skin lesions in occult spinal dysraphism--what is typical?

Occult spinal dysraphism (OSD) includes a group of spinal malformations covered by intact skin. Neurological sequelae include paresis and sensory deficits in the lower limbs, neurogenic bladder and bowel disturbances, pain and neuro-orthopaedic syndrome as well as a high risk for secondary neurological deterioration. In up to 80 % of the cases, OSD is accompanied by lumbosacral skin anomalies. In this article, an overview on the main forms of OSD and characteristic skin lesions is given, which can guide the clinician to early diagnosis and appropriate diagnostic work-up and, if necessary, therapeutic intervention.     

The prediction of total skeletal muscle mass in a Caucasian population – comparison of Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and Dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA)

Dual-energy X-ray (DXA) is an alternative to magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) to measure skeletal muscle mass. DXA assesses lean body mass (LBM), and MRI measures skeletal muscle mass (SMM). Kim et al. (Am J Clin Nutr 2002; 76 : 378; J Appl Physiol (1985) 2004; 97 : 655) developed MRI-based algorithms to estimate whole-body SMM by DXA. These algorithms were based on an ethnically mixed study population (Kim et al., Am J Clin Nutr 2002; 76 : 378; J Appl Physiol (1985) 2004; 97 : 655). It is unclear whether Kim's algorithms are accurate in an exclusive Caucasian population. The aim of our study was to validate Kim's equation in a Caucasian population of 346 subjects. SMM_MRI was assessed using MRI, and LBM and BMC_DXA were measured by DXA and fat mass (FM_ADP) by air-displacement plethysmographie (ADP). SMM_MRI and predicted SMM were highly correlated (r = 0·944; P<0·05). The standard error of estimate of the regression equation was 2·4 kg. However, Bland–Altman plots showed a significant (P<0·001) systematic bias between SMM_MRI (median 25·1 kg; IQ 20·2–31·1 kg) and predicted SMM (median 26·3 kg; IQ 22·6–33·0 kg), overestimating SMM by 9·8%. Multiple regression analyses showed that weight explained 4·4% of the variance in the differences between SMM_MRI and predicted SMM with the major part unexplained. Kim's algorithm has a systematic unexplained bias and is not recommended in Caucasians.