全文获取类型
收费全文 | 959篇 |
免费 | 64篇 |
国内免费 | 11篇 |
专业分类
耳鼻咽喉 | 10篇 |
儿科学 | 28篇 |
妇产科学 | 21篇 |
基础医学 | 148篇 |
口腔科学 | 4篇 |
临床医学 | 47篇 |
内科学 | 286篇 |
皮肤病学 | 10篇 |
神经病学 | 66篇 |
特种医学 | 6篇 |
外科学 | 202篇 |
预防医学 | 30篇 |
眼科学 | 5篇 |
药学 | 29篇 |
中国医学 | 5篇 |
肿瘤学 | 137篇 |
出版年
2023年 | 3篇 |
2022年 | 13篇 |
2021年 | 27篇 |
2020年 | 11篇 |
2019年 | 20篇 |
2018年 | 31篇 |
2017年 | 25篇 |
2016年 | 21篇 |
2015年 | 28篇 |
2014年 | 37篇 |
2013年 | 34篇 |
2012年 | 42篇 |
2011年 | 59篇 |
2010年 | 41篇 |
2009年 | 24篇 |
2008年 | 59篇 |
2007年 | 59篇 |
2006年 | 48篇 |
2005年 | 46篇 |
2004年 | 35篇 |
2003年 | 23篇 |
2002年 | 32篇 |
2001年 | 34篇 |
2000年 | 31篇 |
1999年 | 29篇 |
1998年 | 5篇 |
1997年 | 5篇 |
1996年 | 9篇 |
1995年 | 4篇 |
1994年 | 8篇 |
1993年 | 8篇 |
1992年 | 26篇 |
1991年 | 18篇 |
1990年 | 13篇 |
1989年 | 10篇 |
1988年 | 12篇 |
1987年 | 16篇 |
1986年 | 8篇 |
1985年 | 8篇 |
1984年 | 6篇 |
1983年 | 5篇 |
1982年 | 8篇 |
1978年 | 8篇 |
1976年 | 7篇 |
1971年 | 2篇 |
1970年 | 5篇 |
1969年 | 2篇 |
1968年 | 5篇 |
1967年 | 7篇 |
1966年 | 5篇 |
排序方式: 共有1034条查询结果,搜索用时 515 毫秒
41.
Ugo Fiocco Benedetta Accordi Veronica Martini Francesca Oliviero Monica Facco Anna Cabrelle Lucia Piva Beatrice Molena Francesco Caso Luisa Costa Anna Scanu Elisa Pagnin Mariangela Atteno Raffaele Scarpa Giuseppe Basso Gianpietro Semenzato Leonardo Punzi Andrea Doria Jean-Michel Dayer 《Immunologic research》2014,58(1):61-69
Looking to the sustained psoriatic arthritis (PsA) joint as a model of local human inflammation, this study was designed to assess the T lymphocyte signal transduction pathways potentially involved in this chronic immune-mediated inflammatory process, as characterized by direct ex vivo analysis of T helper (Th)-17 T effector (Teff) cell phenotypes in synovial fluid (SF) and peripheral blood (PB) of clinically active PsA patients. The reverse-phase protein arrays (RPPA) technique was employed to identify STAT3, STAT1, JAK1, JAK2, PKCδ and ERK1/2 phosphoprotein levels on total T cell lysates in SF samples of PsA patients. Frequencies of T CD4+IL-17A-F+ and T CD4+IL-23R+ Th17 cells were quantified in SF and matched PB of PsA patients by flow cytometry and compared with PB of healthy controls (HC). Increased levels of JAK1, STAT3, STAT1 and PKCδ phosphoproteins were found in SF T cells of PsA patients, compared with PB of HC. The expansion of T CD4+IL-17A-F+ cells, as well as of T CD4+ cells expressing IL-23Rp19 (T CD4+ IL-23R+), considered as the pathogenic phenotype of effector Th17 cells, was found to be confined to the joints of PsA patients, as the frequencies of both populations were significantly higher in SF than in matched PB, or in PB of HC. In conclusion, T lymphocyte signal transduction pathway mapping revealed an enhanced activation of JAK1/STAT3/STAT1 and PKCδ phosphoproteins that may drive the local inflammatory process, characterized by the in vivo expansion of T CD4+IL-17A-F+ and T CD4+IL-23R+ Th17 Teff cells in SF of clinically active joints of PsA patients. 相似文献
42.
43.
Cytogenetic investigation on 30 bladder carcinomas 总被引:11,自引:0,他引:11
Cytogenetic study of 30 bladder carcinomas confirmed the heterogeneity and the complexity of the karyotypic picture in this type of tumor. Presence of numerical and/or structural chromosome aberrations was observed in all tumors. Clonal abnormalities were found in 19 cases. Chromosomes most frequently involved in changes were chromosome #1, #3 and #11(36.6%, 26.6%, and 20% of the cases respectively). Trisomy 7 and monosomy 9 were the sole abnormalities in one case each. 相似文献
44.
Ileostomy for constipation: long-term postoperative outcome 总被引:4,自引:0,他引:4
BACKGROUND AND AIMS: Idiopathic constipation is a rare indication for ileostomy construction. The aim of the study was to evaluate the success of ileostomy in treatment of severe constipation. Also to analyse the surgical complications and re-operation rate to identify any factors potentially predictive of outcome. PATIENTS AND METHODS: This retrospective study analysed the long-term outcome of 24 ileostomies constructed for constipation. The ileostomy construction was performed in 13 patients during large bowel/rectum resection, in 6 after a full laparotomy and in 5 through an abdominal wall trephine alone. We analysed the surgical complications and the re-operation rate according any factors potentially predictive of outcome. RESULTS: One (4%) patient had persistent constipation after stoma creation. Surgical complications occurred in 11 (46%): retraction in 6 (25.0%), peristomal sepsis in 3 (12.5%) and parastomal hernia in 2 (8.1%). Refashioning of the stoma was necessary in 7 (29%) patients. Previous abdominal surgery, end ileostomy, ileostomy constructed after large bowel resection or laparotomy were associated with a significantly higher incidence of stomal complications while age, duration of follow up, major complication and ileostomy created after bowel resection were associated to a significantly higher re-operation rate (P < 0.05). Multivariate analysis identified end ileostomy and ileostomy created after bowel resection as independent risk factors for surgical complication and re-operation, respectively (P < 0.05). CONCLUSIONS: Ileostomies were associated with a high frequency of complications, but most could be managed by minor surgical interventions. Patients who are considered for an ileostomy for severe idiopathic constipation should, where possible, have a loop ileostomy through a trephine rather than a laparotomy. 相似文献
45.
46.
Calogero Iacono Giuseppe Verlato Giuseppe Zamboni Aldo Scarpa Ettore Montresor Paola Capelli Luca Bortolasi Giovanni Serio 《Journal of gastrointestinal surgery》2007,11(5):578-588
Objective To evaluate the prognostic significance of different clinico-pathological and molecular factors, and to compare survival after
standard and extended pancreaticoduodenectomy (PD) in ampulla of Vater adenocarcinoma (AVAC).
Summary Background Data There are discordant data on factors affecting prognosis, and hence therapeutic choices, in AVAC.
Patients and Methods Clinical-pathological factors were evaluated in 59 patients, subjected to PD for AVAC; in 42 subjects information on chromosome
17p and 18q allelic losses (LOH) and microsatellite instability (MSI) was also available. The association between survival
and type of PD was investigated in the 25 patients operated between 1990 and 2001 (16 standard and nine extended).
Results The overall 5- and 10-year tumor-related survival rates were 46% and 33%, respectively. Sixteen patients had T-stages 1–2,
14 T-stage 3, and 29 T-stage 4 cancers. Chromosome 17p and 18q LOH were detected in 23 (55%) and 15 cases (36%), respectively,
and in 12 cases (29%) coexisted. Five cases were MSI-positive (12%). At univariate analysis, poor survival was associated
with cancer ulceration (P = 0.051), poor differentiation (P = 0.008), T-stage 4 (P < 0.001), nodal metastases (P = 0.004), chromosome 17p (P < 0.001) and 18q LOH (P = 0.002), and absence of MSI (P = 0.009). At multivariate analysis, only T-stage (P = 0.002) and 17p LOH (P = 0.001) were independent predictors of survival. All patients with MSI-positive cancers were long-survivors (>12 yrs), whereas
only 30% of MSI-negative cancer patients survived at 5 years. Extended pancreaticoduodenectomy was associated with a 3-year
disease-related survival higher than standard resection (83% vs 31%; P = 0.018).
Conclusion MSI and chromosome 17p status allow to better define prognosis within ampullary cancers at the same stage. Surgery alone resulted
curative in MSI-positive cancer patients, whereas it was inadequate in patients showing allelic losses, who might benefit
from adjuvant therapy. In this observational study, extended PD was associated with increased survival compared to standard
procedures.
Presented at the 2006 Annual Meeting of the American Hepato-Pancreato-Biliary Association, Miami Beach, Florida, March 9–12,
2006 相似文献
47.
48.
G Martignoni M Pea M Chilosi M Brunelli A Scarpa C Colato R Tardanico G Zamboni F Bonetti 《Modern pathology》2001,14(8):760-767
Chromophobe renal carcinoma is composed of neoplastic cell showing several features similar to those found in the intercalated cells of the collecting ducts. Because the distal nephron expresses calcium-binding proteins playing a role in calcium homeostasis, we reasoned that these proteins could be expressed by chromophobe carcinoma and therefore represent a diagnostic marker. We studied the immunohistochemical expression of different calcium-binding proteins (parvalbumin, calbindin-D28K, and calretinin) in 140 renal tumors, including 75 conventional (clear cell) carcinomas, 32 chromophobe carcinomas, 17 papillary renal cell carcinomas, and 16 oncocytomas. Parvalbumin was strongly positive in all primary chromophobe carcinomas and in one pancreatic metastasis; it was positive in 11 of 16 oncocytomas and absent in conventional (clear cell) and papillary renal cell carcinomas, either primary or metastatic. Calbindin-D28K and calretinin were negative in all tumors, with the exception of two chromophobe carcinomas, four oncocytomas, and two papillary renal cell carcinomas showing inconspicuous calretinin expression. Our data demonstrate that parvalbumin may be a suitable marker for distinguishing primary and metastatic chromophobe carcinoma from conventional (clear cell) and papillary renal cell carcinoma. Moreover, they suggest a relationship between chromophobe renal carcinoma and renal oncocytoma and indicate that chromophobe carcinoma exhibits differentiation toward the collecting-duct phenotype. 相似文献
49.
50.