鸡胚胎素对小鼠红细胞数量及免疫器官质量的影响

目的:建立血虚和免疫抑制动物模型,观察鸡胚胎低温提取物对其红细胞造血以及免疫器官质量的影响。方法:实验于2001-04/2002-09在新乡医学院药物研究室完成。①实验材料:健康昆明种小鼠50只,雌雄各半。鸡胚胎素[中国发明专利公开(公告)号:CN1748713],符合研究者申报专利时提出的质量检验标准。②鸡胚胎素对血虚模型小鼠红细胞数值及血红蛋白含量的影响:取20只小鼠,随机排列表法分为鸡胚胎素组、模型对照组,10只/组,建立失血性血虚动物模型。失血后24h当红细胞数<3.2×1012L-1、血红蛋白含量<84g/L,且小鼠外观出现皮色苍白、食欲不振等现象时,代表造模成功。次日,鸡胚胎素组给予鸡胚胎素5g/(kg·d)灌胃,模型对照组给予生理盐水20mL/(kg·d)灌胃,连续14d。分别于失血前、失血后24h、末次给鸡胚胎素后2h尾部采血测定两组红细胞数量及血红蛋白含量的变化。③鸡胚胎素对免疫抑制模型小鼠免疫器官质量的影响:取30只小鼠,随机排列表法分为鸡胚胎素组、模型对照组、正常对照组,10只/组。鸡胚胎素组给予鸡胚胎素5g/(kg·d)灌胃,模型对照组和正常对照组均灌服等量生理盐水,连续14d。在第11天上午鸡胚胎素灌胃2h后,鸡胚胎素组、模型对照组腹腔注射环磷酰胺60mg/(kg·d),连续4d,复制免疫抑制动物模型。末次给予环磷酰胺2h后颈椎脱位法处死小鼠,计算胸腺、脾脏质量指数。结果:50只小鼠均进入结果分析。①失血前及失血后24h鸡胚胎素组与模型对照组的红细胞数值、血红蛋白含量基本相似(P>0.05)。末次给鸡胚胎素后2h与模型对照组比较,鸡胚胎素组红细胞数值、血红蛋白含量均明显升高(t=3.39,P<0.01;t=2.52,P<0.05)。②末次给环磷酰胺2h后与模型对照组比较,鸡胚胎素组、正常对照组的胸腺质量指数和脾脏质量指数均明显升高(t=6.62,P<0.01;t=2.47,P<0.05)。结论:鸡胚胎素灌胃对血虚小鼠具有较好的促红细胞造血功能,同时对环磷酰胺造成的免疫器官质量下降具有明显的增重作用。     

On the best strategies on the best results for surgery of frontal epilepsy

Frontal lobe epilepsy surgery is the second most common surgery performed for drug-resistant partial epilepsy. We investigated the longitudinal outcome in a cohort of patients investigated since 1990 with SEEG and modern diagnostic techniques. We reviewed 105 patients who underwent surgery between 1990 and 2005 (mean follow-up, six years; range: one to17 years) and analyzed the year-per-year follow-up according to Engel's classification. Favorable outcome (Class I) was observed for 70% and this result was stable at least five years after surgery. More than 90% of patients with lesion-related epilepsies (focal cortical dysplasia and dysembryoplastic neuroepithelial tumors) became seizure-free. Less than 50% of patients classified as having cryptogenic epilepsy (defined as normal imaging and neuropathology on surgical specimen) had a favorable outcome.Permanent neurological sequelae were subtle and rare, especially after surgery for dysplasia in eloquent cortex (primary motor cortex).Our data indicate that frontal surgery is a successful treatment in patients when electrophysiological and morphological investigations demonstrate a well-defined epileptogenic zone or lesion to be surgically resected. Progress in electrophysiological and brain-imaging techniques will further improve the selection of frontal lobe epilepsy surgery candidates.     

Deep venous thrombosis: epidemiology,acquired risk factors

Deep vein thrombosis is a frequent disease with an annual incidence reaching 5 per thousand among subjects over 75 years. Major acquired risk factors for venous thrombosis include surgery, neoplasm, reduced mobility or paresis, and a previous episode of deep vein thrombosis. Among women, hormonal status (pregnancy, oral contraceptive, hormone replacement therapy) is responsible for the majority of all venous thrombotic events. The impact of other factors is controversial: obesity, tobacco use and varicose veins. Venous thrombosis is a multifactorial disease and analysis of the interactions between acquired and inherited risk factors is an extremely interesting field of investigation.     

La vérification ultime au lit du malade: résultats d''une enquête nationale sur les réactifs et dispositifs utilisés en France

The national reference Center for blood groups checked samples of reagents and devices used in France for a definitive verification of pretransfusion ABO tests performed at the patient's bedside, as defined by French health authority regulations. The results of an initial inquiry was published in 1991. The new study shows no significant improvement of the quality of reagents and devices. This is a major concern considering the importance of ABO incompatibility in severe hemolytic transfusion reactions.     

A randomized prospective comparison of oral versus intraperitoneal ofloxacin as the primary treatment of CAPD peritonitis

Summary: Oral ofloxacin has been successfully used in our centres for the primary treatment of peritonitis complicating continous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis (CAPD). In view of the progressive rise in the resistance rate to ofloxacin among peritoneal bacterial isolates, a study was conducted to determine if oral ofloxacin remains a viable first line treatment for CAPD peritonitis in our centres and if the result can be improved by changing from an oral to an intraperitoneal (i.p.) route. In patients on three 2 L daily CAPD exchanges, ofloxacin given at the i.p. dosage of 200 mg loading followed by 25 mg/L of peritoneal dialysate achieved overnight trough peritoneal levels which are at least four times the minimal 90% inhibitory concentration (MIC90) of most bacterial pathogens without significant accumulation in the systemic circulation. This i.p. dosage was therefore chosen for the clinical study and the result was compared to that using ofloxacin given in the oral dosage of 400 mg loading followed by 300 mg once daily as maintenance. of all the recruited episodes, 35 were eligible for analysis. the overall primary cure rate including primary failures and relapses was 55.6% (10/18) in the oral treatment group and 70.6% (12/17) in the i.p. treatment group. the corresponding figures for gram positive bacterial (g +) infections were 36.4% and 50%, for gram negative bacterial (g -) infections were 66.7 and 80% and for culture negative infections were 75 and 80%. In culture positive cases, all treatment failures were due to resistant infections which were observed in 42.3% of all bacterial isolates, 47.1% of g + isolates and 33.3% of g - isolates. Due to the high background level of bacterial resistance among our CAPD population, ofloxacin monotherapy given either by the oral or the i.p. route can no longer be recommended for the primary treatment of CAPD peritonitis.     

A STUDY OF THE APPROPRIATENESS OF ANTIBIOTIC USE IN THE MEDICAL WARDS OF A TERTIARY TEACHING HOSPITAL IN MALAYSIA

A prospective study was conducted to determine the proportion of patients who received an antibiotic within 12 hours of admission to the medical wards. During the four-week study, 234 patients were admitted to medical wards from casualty; 68 patients (29%) received an antibiotic. The survey indicated that antibiotics were inappropriate in 22–65% of those treated. This study also shows that as many as 67% of patients who received intravenous antibiotics could have been equally well treated with oral preparations.     

Safety of Fixed Dose of Antihypertensive Drug Combinations Compared to (Single Pill) Free-Combinations: A Nested Matched Case–Control Analysis

To compare serious adverse events of fixed-dose dual antihypertensive drug combination (FIXED) to component-based free-combination (FREE).A population-based nationwide cohort from the French Health Insurance System included subjects over 50 years with first time claims (new user) in the second half of 2009 for a calcium-channel blocker or a thiazide-like diuretic in combination with either an angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitor or an angiotensin receptor blocker as FREE or FIXED. We designed a nested matched case–control analysis with 304 cases, hospitalized for hypotension, syncope, or collapse (n = 224), renal failure (n = 19), hyponatremia, hyper- or hypokalemia (n = 61) and 1394 controls matched for gender, age, date of inclusion in the cohort, and administrative county. Subjects with a medical history of cardiovascular disease, chronic renal failure, or cancer were excluded.The mean age ± SD was 73 ± 10 years and 70% were women. Based on the last delivery preceding the index date, 1414 patients (83%) were exposed to FIXED. Homogeneity of FIXED effect compared to FREE across components of the main composite outcome was rejected (P = 0.0099). FIXED formulation significantly increased the odd of the most frequent component (ie, hypotension, syncope, or collapse): OR = 1.88 (95% CI: 1.15–3.05) compared to FREE after adjusting for confounding factors including dose.Serious adverse event occurring in the early phase of treatment deserves attention of physicians because it could alter the benefit/risk ratio of antihypertensive drug combination.     

Finger dexterity in well-functioning cohort of office workers in Macau

AimThe study aimed to describe the finger dexterity in office workers of an Asian population.MethodsOne hundred twenty-seven right-handed office workers, aged 21–50 with a similar split of male and female, were recruited with finger dexterity measured by the O’Connor Finger Dexterity Test. The grip strength, tip and lateral pinch strength of both hands were also measured.ResultsThis study provided the percentile score of the O’Connor Finger Dexterity Test of both males and females in the Asian population. Raw scores of below 218 and 213 seconds in male and female participants respectively reach the 90th percentile, and above 237 and 235 seconds in male and female below the 10th percentile. Results showed no significant difference in local mean scores across different age groups, between male and female and with varying hours of working in typing, filing, and writing. A significant difference was only found in finger dexterity and years of working as office workers. No significant correlation was found between the finger dexterity with grip strength, tip and lateral pinch of the dominant right hand. The results were similar to the original normative score with similar work skills and demands.ConclusionThe mean scores could be used as a valid reference for local occupational therapists to evaluate the finger dexterity of office workers. However, caution has to be taken that conclusions drawn can be biased because of the relatively small sample size, and the results cannot be generalized to represent a wider Asian population.     

升麻酰胺及其类似物的合成

升麻酰胺是从兴安升麻(Cimicifuga dahurica)根茎中分到的新天然产物,本文经7步反应完成了该化合物的全合成,总收率为31%,三氟乙酰氧基用作C-1的离去基团,其结构经光谱分析和元素分析证实与天然物相一致。此外,还报道其7个类似物的合成及初步的抗肿瘤活性实验结果。