Das Schicksal intraartikulär applizierten Jodipins im Hinblick auf die diagnostische und therapeutische Verwendung bei Gelenkerkrankungen nach Sievers

Ohne Zusammenfassung     

Immediate removable partial dentures

This technique for immediate delivery of removable partial dentures bases its success upon correct diagnosis, careful treatment planning, and close cooperation among patient, laboratory technician, and dentist.     

Physical properties of a repeatedly used nonprecious metal alloy

Some physical properties of nonprecious alloys were compared after repeated casting without the addition of any new alloy. The tensile strength, percentage of elongation, and hardness properties were determined and compared. There were no significant differences observed in the physical properties tested among any of the four generations of casting. This finding indicates that the metal can be reused for at least four generations.     

Segregation analysis of diabetic nephropathy in Pima Indians

Familial aggregation of diabetic nephropathy suggests the existence of genes determining susceptibility to nephropathy in addition to those leading to diabetes. In the present study, complex segregation analysis was performed in diabetic members of Pima Indian families to determine whether familial aggregation of nephropathy in this population could reflect the action of a single major gene. Nephropathy, defined by a urinary protein-to-creatinine ratio (PCR) > or = 500 mg/g, was analyzed as a discrete trait in a class C regressive logistic model. Individuals with PCR <500 mg/g were considered unaffected. Segregation analysis was performed both for nephropathy at the last examination (prevalent cases) and for duration of diabetes at the onset of nephropathy (incident cases). The REGD program was used for the analysis of the prevalent cases and the REGTL program for the incident cases, both from the Statistical Analysis for Genetic Epidemiology package (Case Western University, Cleveland, OH). The analysis of prevalent cases included 2,107 Pima Indians from 715 nuclear families. A subset of 504 of these families containing 1,403 individuals was used in the analysis of incident cases. Analysis of prevalent cases supported the existence of a gene with a major role, in that hypotheses of no major effect and of no transmission of a major effect were rejected (P = 0.00001; P = 0.003), whereas Mendelian transmission was not rejected (P = 0.85). A dominant model provided the best fit, but a recessive model could not be rejected. The analysis of incident cases, however, did not support a major gene effect on duration of diabetes at the onset of nephropathy, and analyses of lifetime occurrence of nephropathy were inconclusive. The analysis of prevalent cases supports the hypothesis of a major genetic effect on susceptibility to diabetic nephropathy in Pima Indians, but the analysis of incident cases does not support a genetic effect on duration of diabetes at the onset of nephropathy. The discrepancy may reflect the difficulty in precisely dating onset of nephropathy. The parameters of the model derived from segregation analysis of prevalent cases may be useful in linkage studies to detect nephropathy susceptibility loci.     

Some kinetic parameters of platelet monoamine oxidase in chronic schizophrenia.

The michaelis constants (Vmax and Km) for platelet monoamine oxidase (MAO) with tyramine as substrate are found to be significantly lower in chronic schizophrenic patients than in normal controls. Furthermore, these kinetic parameters for the MAO of paranoid chronic schizophrenics are significantly lower than those for nonparanoid chronic schizophrenics. Paranoid chronic schizophrenia may be a separate biochemical disorder from other chronic schizophrenias.     

Interventions aimed at preventing and reducing overweight/obesity among children and adolescents: a meta‐synthesis

The prevalence of child and adolescent obesity has been a major worldwide problem for decades. To stop the number of youth with overweight/obesity from increasing, numerous interventions focusing on improving children's weight status have been implemented. The growing body of research on weight‐related interventions for youth has been summarized by several meta‐analyses aiming to provide an overview of the effectiveness of interventions. Yet, the number of meta‐analyses is expanding so quickly and overall results differ, making a comprehensive synopsis of the literature difficult. To tackle this problem, a meta‐synthesis was conducted to draw informed conclusions about the state of the effectiveness of interventions targeting child and adolescent overweight. The results of the quantitative synthesis of 26 meta‐analyses resulted in a standardized mean difference (SMD) of ?0.12 (95%CI: ?0.16, ?0.08). Several moderator analyses showed that participant and intervention characteristics had little impact on the overall effect size. However, a moderator analysis distinguishing between obesity treatment and obesity prevention studies showed that obesity treatment interventions (SMD: ?0.048, 95%CI: ?0.60, ?0.36) were significantly more effective in reducing body mass index than obesity prevention interventions (SMD: ?0.08, 95%CI: ?0.11, ?0.06). Overall, the results of this meta‐synthesis suggest that interventions result in statistically significant effects albeit of relatively little clinical relevance.     

Physical activity, obesity, and the incidence of type 2 diabetes in a high-risk population

This study, examining the longitudinal relation among physical activity, body mass index, and development of type 2 diabetes in a high-risk population, is unique because diabetes was determined by oral glucose tolerance testing rather than by self-report. A physical activity questionnaire assessing past year leisure and occupational activity was administered to 1,728 nondiabetic Pima individuals aged 15-59 years as part of a series of clinic examinations in the Gila River Indian Community from 1987 to 2000. During an average follow-up period of 6 years, 346 subjects developed diabetes. Using time-dependent Cox proportional hazards modeling adjusting for age, the authors found that total activity was related to diabetes incidence in women and men (p < 0.05 in women only). After additional adjustment for body mass index, the relation between activity and diabetes incidence was weakened in both men and women. When the age-adjusted diabetes incidence rates were examined by levels of activity stratified by tertile of body mass index, the diabetes incidence rate remained lower in more active than in less active men and women from all body mass index groups, with the exception of the middle body mass index tertile in men (p < 0.05 in women only). These results suggest that the adoption and maintenance of a physically active lifestyle can play a significant role in preventing type 2 diabetes.