Die Facetten-Verschiebetechnik,eine Hilfe bei der prothetischen Nachsorge nach kieferorthopädischer Behandlung

Zusammenfassung Es wird eine Methode angegeben, mit Hilfe des Verbundmaterials von Edelmetall/Nichtedelmetall und keramische Massen unter Benutzung eines prätherapeutischen Modells Stellungsanomalien im jugendlichen Gebiß auszugleichen. Die Grenzen des Verfahrens werden diskutiert.

---

Summary A method is introduced using bonded material of precious or nonprecious alloys and ceramics to treat malpositions of teeth in the adolescent dentition. A study model and a pre-treatment wax-up is used. The facilities and their limitation are discussed.

---

Résumé Il s'agit d'une méthode qui à l'aide de modèles préthérapeutiques, corrige chez de jeunes patients des malpositions dentaires, en utilisant un matériel qui comprend de la céramique et des métaux précieux et non précieux. Les limites de ce procédé sont indiquées.

---

---

Mit 5 Abbildungen     

Analysis of linkage disequilibrium between polymorphisms in the KCNJ9 gene with type 2 diabetes mellitus in Pima Indians

The KCNJ9 gene encodes a G-protein-coupled inwardly rectifying potassium channel and is located within a region on human chromosome 1 that has been linked with type 2 diabetes mellitus in Pima Indians and Caucasians. To assess the potential contribution of genetic alterations within KCNJ9 to diabetes susceptibility in the Pimas, we have genotyped 11 single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in 50 Pimas with diabetes and 50 Pimas over the age of 45 without diabetes and in 51 sib pairs, discordant for the disease, who were characterized by decreased allele sharing at the chromosomal location of the maximum LOD score. We detected three SNP clusters exhibiting distinct linkage disequilibria. Polymorphisms in intron 2, exon 3, and the 3'-UTR were in statistically significant linkage disequilibrium with diabetes in the case-control group (P = 0.006), but not the sibling pairs (P = 0.097). A weak association with diabetes was also found in the original linkage set comprising 1150 Pimas (odds ratio = 0.64/P = 0.079 for a dominant model and OR = 0.67/P = 0.005 for a recessive model). However, no effect on linkage was detected following adjustment for one of the most strongly associated SNPs in the entire original linkage set. Our results indicate that variants in KCNJ9 are associated with diabetes in Pimas but do not account for the linkage of 1q with diabetes in this population.     

Prevention of the wortmannin-induced inhibition of phosphoinositide 3-kinase by sulfhydryl reducing agents

The effects of the sulfhydryl reducing agents 2-mercaptoethanol and dithiothreitol on wortmannin-induced inhibition of phosphoinositide 3-kinase (PI3K) were studied in order to examine whether the sulfhydryl reducing agents directly affect the wortmannin inhibition of PI3K. These reducing agents are commonly used to stabilize enzyme structures by maintaining protein sulfhydryl groups in the reduced state. Preincubation of wortmannin with millimolar levels of 2-mercaptoethanol, a sulfhydryl derivative of ethanol, markedly prevented subsequent wortmannin-induced inhibition of PI3K. In contrast, ethanol, 2-mercaptoethanol lacking sulfhydryl group, and 2-(methylthio)ethanol, a methyl derivative of the sulfhydryl group of 2-mercaptoethanol, had little effect on the wortmannin-induced inhibition of PI3K, which suggests that the prevention of wortmannin-induced inhibition by 2-mercaptoethanol occurs through the sulfhydryl group of this agent. Moreover, dithiothreitol, a second sulfhydryl reducing agent, also markedly prevented wortmannin-induced inhibition of PI3K. These results indicate that the wortmannin-induced inhibition of PI3K is markedly prevented by millimolar concentrations of sulfhydryl reducing agents such as 2-mercaptoethanol and dithiothreitol in the medium, presumably by the binding of wortmannin to the agents.     

Desipramine versus phenelzine in recurrent unipolar depression: clinical characteristics and treatment response

We compared desipramine with phenelzine in a double-blind, parallel-groups study of 43 outpatients with recurrent unipolar depression. Response to the two drugs was similar, with an overall average reduction in scores on the Hamilton Rating Scale for Depression of about 50% over 6 weeks. Improvement was negatively correlated with initial severity of depression, especially in patients treated with desipramine. Response to desipramine was better in patients with moderate to severe stressors and no previous hospitalizations. Response to either treatment was better in patients whose course consisted of recurrent depressions with a stable baseline, even if the baseline was dysthymic.     

Leadership's role in curriculum revision

Often times, faculty are hesitant to make curricular revisions due to the many obstacles they may encounter. Varying levels of faculty expertise can also play a role in curriculum revision; seasoned faculty can fear change or believe change is not necessary and novice faculty are not equipped to be fully participatory in the process. It takes an effective leader to recognize the challenges, address the faculty, and have open, transparent communication throughout the process to ensure curriculum is kept current to reflect best practices.     

Variants in ACAD10 are associated with type 2 diabetes, insulin resistance and lipid oxidation in Pima Indians

Aims/hypothesis  

A prior genome-wide association study in Pima Indians identified a variant within the ACAD10 gene that is associated with early-onset type 2 diabetes. Acyl-coenzyme A dehydrogenase 10 (ACAD10) catalyses mitochondrial fatty acid beta-oxidation, which plays a pivotal role in developing insulin resistance and type 2 diabetes. Therefore, ACAD10 was analysed as a positional and biological candidate for type 2 diabetes.     

Protein tyrosine phosphatase 1B is not a major susceptibility gene for type 2 diabetes mellitus or obesity among Pima Indians

Aim/hypothesis Single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in the protein tyrosine phosphatase 1B gene (PTPN1) have been reported to be associated with type 2 diabetes in white subjects, and insulin sensitivity and fasting glucose levels in Hispanic Americans. In this study, we determined whether SNPs in PTPN1 also have a role in type 2 diabetes susceptibility in Pima Indians, a population with the world’s highest reported prevalence and incidence rates of this disease. Materials and methods Thirty-one SNPs across a 161-kb region encompassing PTPN1 were genotyped in 1,037 Pima Indians for association studies with type 2 diabetes and obesity. Results Twenty-five of the SNPs had allele frequencies >0.05, and these SNPs fell into two linkage disequilibrium blocks (D′  > 0.9). Block 1 contains six SNPs that span a 61-kb region upstream of PTPN1, while block 2 contains 19 SNPs that cover the entire PTPN1 gene. None of the SNPs, analysed individually or as haplotypes, was associated with either type 2 diabetes or obesity. However, three SNPs located in block 1 were nominally associated (p values ranging from 0.01 to 0.05) with insulin sensitivity as measured by the hyperinsulinaemic–euglycaemic clamp technique. Conclusions/interpretation Based on our association results, we conclude that SNPs within PTPN1 are unlikely to have a major role in the aetiology of type 2 diabetes or obesity in Pima Indians. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorised users.