Mechanism of Resistance to an Antitubercular 2-Thiopyridine Derivative That Is Also Active against Burkholderia cenocepacia

The discovery of new compounds that are able to inhibit the growth of Burkholderia cenocepacia is of primary importance for cystic fibrosis patients. Here, the mechanism of resistance to a new pyridine derivative already shown to be effective against Mycobacterium tuberculosis and to have good activity toward B. cenocepacia was investigated. Increased expression of a resistance-nodulation-cell division (RND) efflux system was detected in the resistant mutants, thus confirming their important roles in B. cenocepacia antibiotic resistance.     

Factors that positively or negatively mediate the effects of age on working memory across the adult life span

Working memory abilities significantly decrease with advancing age; hence, the search for factors that may increase or mitigate this decline is critical. Several factors have been identified that influence working memory; however, their effects have been mainly assessed separately and rarely together with other factors in the same sample. We examined 120 variables to search for factors that jointly act as mediators of working memory decay across the adult life span. A sample of 1652 healthy adults was assessed in spatial and verbal working memory domains. Structural equation modeling analyses were conducted to search for potential mediators that intervened between age and working memory. Only 14 and 10 variables reliably mediated spatial and verbal working memory, respectively. Factors from several domains remained in the models, such as individual characteristics, physiological traits, consumption habits, and regular activities. These factors are sufficiently powerful to influence working memory decline when they jointly interact, as in everyday living.     

Efficacy of rapid maxillary expansion in children with obstructive sleep apnea syndrome: 36 months of follow-up

Purpose  

In view of the positive outcome of orthodontic treatment using rapid maxillary expansion (RME) on sleep-disordered breathing, we generated data on RME in children with obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) by evaluating objective and subjective data over a 36-month follow-up period, to determine whether RME is effective in the long-term treatment of OSA. We selected all patients with dental malocclusions and OSA syndrome (OSAS) confirmed by polysomnography.