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71.
CPT Tony Pierson Jeffrey A. Niezgoda MD LT Sarah Learmonth CPT Dennis Blunt LTC Kevin McNabb 《Wound repair and regeneration》2005,13(2):1-2
Abstract Brooke Army Medical Center isolated 25 highly antibiotic‐resistant Acinetobacter ssp . (primarily A. baumannii ) from wounded soldiers returning from Iraq. Concern about effective treatment of these organisms led our institution to begin investigating low‐frequency ultrasound (LFU) as a method of increasing the effectiveness of antibiotics on A.baumannii in wound management. Studies have suggested that LFU applied in conjunction with antibiotics may increase their overall effectiveness. We hypothesize that combining antibiotics with LFU may be an effective method of wound management and that this combination may be synergistic in its overall effect. In this initial work, we wanted to determine if sonocation would have an effect on our organism of interest, A. baumannii . We selected several organisms, both gram positive and gram negative, that have been shown to be killed by sonocation ( E. coli, S. aureus , and S. pyogenes ) and added three highly resistant A. baumannii isolates. Bacterial death was measured by both colony counts after 24 hours of growth and acridine orange staining using a standard protocol.
Colony counts were significantly reduced by sonocation. Furthermore, A.'baumannii colony counts were also greatly reduced by sonocation. Actual cell destruction was also visualized using acridine orange staining. Our data support the assertion that sonocation has an antibacterial effect on some bacteria, including A. baumannii . Our next step is to add antimicrobial agents and determine if their effectiveness can be increased by sonocation. 相似文献
Colony counts were significantly reduced by sonocation. Furthermore, A.'baumannii colony counts were also greatly reduced by sonocation. Actual cell destruction was also visualized using acridine orange staining. Our data support the assertion that sonocation has an antibacterial effect on some bacteria, including A. baumannii . Our next step is to add antimicrobial agents and determine if their effectiveness can be increased by sonocation. 相似文献
72.
Jean-Pierre Chanoine MD PhD Sarah Hampl MD FAAP Craig Jensen MD Mark Boldrin MS Jonathan Hauptman MD 李呈亿 《美国医学会杂志》2006,25(1):34-43
背景:儿童和青少年超重和肥胖正迅速增加。在该人群,单纯行为疗法减肥及维持体重下降的效果有限,但是对药物治疗尚未进行广泛的研究。
目的:确定奥利州他(Orlistat)在青少年体重治疗方面的效果及其安个性。
设计、地点和病例:于美国和加拿大32个中心、539例肥胖青少年(12—16岁;体重指数[body mass index,BMI]在第95百分化之上≥2单位)进行的多ln0、54剧(2000年8月至2002年10月)随机双盲研究。
干预:给予奥利司他(n=357)或安慰剂(n=182)120mg,每口3次,持续1年;加适度低热卡饮食(脂肪占30%)、运动和行为治疗。
主要观察指标:BMI变化;二级指标包括腰围和髋用、体重下降、脂质测量以及机体对口服葡萄糖的血糖和胰岛素反心。
结果:至12周时,两组BMI均有下降;此后,奥利司他组体重维持稳定而安慰剂组则超过基线。研究结束时,奥利司他组BMI下降0.55。而安慰剂组则增加0.31(P=0.001)。与安慰剂组的15.7%相比,奥利司他组26.5%的病例BMI下降≥5%(P=0.005);BMI下降≥10%者分别为4.5%和13.3%(P=0.002)。在研究结束时,奥利司他组体重增加0.53kg,安慰剂组增加3.14kg(P〈0.001)。双能X线吸收测量娃示,这种差异可用脂肪体再的变化解释。奥利司他组腰围下降,安慰剂组腰围上升(-1.33cm比+0.12cm;P〈0.05)。奥利司他组发生轻至中度胃肠道不良事件者为9%-50%,安慰剂组为1%~13%。
结论:与安慰剂比较,奥利司他与饮食、运动和行为改善联合可显著改善肥胖青少年体重的治疗。在这个青少年人群,连续使用奥利司他1年并无重要安全问题,尽管奥利司他组胃肠道不良事件较为常见。 相似文献
73.
74.
Models of Parkinson's disease. 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
Parkinson's disease (PD) is a heterogenous disease likely to be caused by more than one specific aetiological factor. In rare familial cases of PD with similar clinical features to the idiopathic form of the disease, the underlying genetic cause has been identified. These PD-associated genes have been manipulated to create animal and cell culture models of the disease that have helped to further our understanding of the pathogenesis of PD, particularly concerning causes of the selective loss of dopaminergic neurons at the molecular level. In addition, these models will aid the future development of rational therapeutic strategies. This study briefly reviews toxin-induced models and the genetics of PD. It focuses on recently developed animal models of PD, as well as in vitro approaches to model the disease. 相似文献
75.
Outcome Following Bariatric Surgery in Super versus Morbidly Obese Patients: Does Weight Matter? 总被引:4,自引:2,他引:2
Mark Bloomston MD Emmanuel E Zervos MD Mario A Camps MD Sarah E Goode RN Alexander S Rosemurgy MD 《Obesity surgery》1997,7(5):414-419
Background: Numerous investigators have attempted to identify prognostic indicators for successful outcome following bariatric
surgery. The purpose of this study was to determine whether degree of obesity affects outcome in super obese [>225% ideal
body weight (IBW)] versus morbidly obese patients (160-225% IBW) undergoing gastric restrictive/bypass procedures. Methods:
Since 1984, 157 patients underwent either gastric bypass or vertical banded gastroplasty. Super obese (78) and morbidly obese
(79) patients were followed prospectively, documenting outcome and complications. Results: Super obese patients reached maximum
weight loss 3 years following bariatric surgery, exhibiting a decrease in body mass index (BMI) from 61 to 39 kg/m2 and an average loss of 42% excess body weight (EBW). Morbidly obese patients had a decrease in BMI from 44 to 31 kg/m2 and carried 39% EBW at 1 year. After their respective nadirs, each group began to regain the lost weight with the super obese
exhibiting a current BMI of 45 kg/m2 (61% EBW) versus 34 kg/m2 (52% EBW) in the morbidly obese at 72 months cumulative follow-up. Currently, loss of 50% or more of EBW occurred in 53%
of super obese patients versus 72% of morbidly obese (P < 0.01). Twenty-six percent of super obese patients returned to within 50% of ideal body weight (IBW) while 71% of morbidly
obese were able to reach this goal (P < 0.01). Co-morbidities and complications related to surgery were similar in each group. Conclusions: Super obese patients
have a greater absolute weight loss after bariatric surgery than do morbidly obese patients. Using commonly utilized measures
of success based on weight, morbidly obese patients tend to have better outcomes following bariatric surgery. 相似文献
76.
Sarah L. Booth Ph.D. 《Nutrition reviews》1997,55(7):282-284
Osteocalcin and matrix Gla protein (MGP) are two vitamin K-dependent proteins present in bone and cartilage. Transgenic mice models were recently developed to isolate the function of each of these proteins. While osteocalcin-deficient mice have increased bone formation, MGP-deficient mice have abnormal calcification leading to osteopenia, fractures, and premature death owing to arterial calcification. 相似文献
77.
Richard B Scott Ralph Gregory Joanna Wilson Sarah Banks Anna Turner Simon Parkin Nir Giladi Carol Joint Tipu Aziz 《Movement disorders》2003,18(5):539-550
Primary dystonia is a disorder of movement for which no consistent pathophysiology has been identified; in the absence of evidence to the contrary, it is assumed to be cognitively benign. We have studied a clinically heterogeneous group of 14 patients with primary dystonia on a battery of neuropsychological tests. Despite well-preserved speed of information processing, language, spatial, memory and general intellectual skills relative to normal controls, we have identified a constellation of attentional-executive cognitive deficits on the Cambridge Neuropsychological Test Automated Battery (CANTAB). Specifically, patients demonstrated significant difficulties negotiating the extra-dimensional set-shifting phase of the IED task. The implications of these findings for the pathophysiology of primary dystonia are discussed. This is, to the best of our knowledge, the first report of a significant cognitive deficit in patients with primary dystonia. 相似文献
78.
Alan L Whone Sarah Von Spiczak Mark Edwards Enza-Maria Valente Alexander Hammers Kailash P Bhatia David J Brooks 《Movement disorders》2004,19(12):1498-1503
The opioid transmitters enkephalin and dynorphin are known to regulate pallidal output and consequently cortical excitability. Indeed, abnormal basal ganglia opioid transmission has been reported in several involuntary movement disorders, including levodopa-induced dyskinesias in Parkinson's disease (PD), tardive dyskinesias/dystonia, Huntington's disease, and Tourette's syndrome. Moreover, a previous 11C-diprenorphine PET study investigating levodopa-induced dyskinesias found reduced opioid receptor availability in PD with but not without dyskinesias. We wished to investigate if a similar alteration in basal ganglia opioid binding was present in DYT1 primary torsion dystonia (PTD). Regional cerebral 11C-diprenorphine binding was investigated in 7 manifesting carriers of the DYT1 gene and 15 age-matched normal controls using a region-of-interest (ROI) approach and statistical parametric mapping (SPM). No difference in regional mean 11C-diprenorphine binding was found between DYT1-PTD and controls, and no correlation between the severity of dystonia and opioid binding was seen. We conclude that aberrant opioid transmission is unlikely to be present in DYT1-PTD and altered opioid transmission is not a common mechanism underlying all disorders of involuntary movement. 相似文献
79.
Integrating behavioral and social science into a public health agency: A case study of New York City
In the last century, both the health and life expectancy of Americans improved dramatically. These gains were primarily the
result of advances in public health. But the approaches used may not be adequate to achieve the next level of improvements
in health. Because health exists in the context of social, environmental, community, religious, political, and other spheres,
ecological approaches that incorporate behavioral and social science theory and methodologies may provide the best avenue
for advancing health in the 21st century. In 1999, the New York City Department of Health (NYCDOH) undertook the task of integrating
behavioral and social science into its public health practice. The experience serves as a case study on the integration process
at a public health agency. 相似文献
80.
Steven S Clark Li Zhong Daniele Filiault Sarah Perman Zhibin Ren Michael Gould Xinhai Yang 《Clinical cancer research》2003,9(12):4494-4504
PURPOSE: Perillyl alcohol (POH) displays preventive and therapeutic activity against a wide variety of tumor models, and it has been suggested that this might be associated with the ability of POH to interfere with Ras prenylation. POH also selectively induces G(1) arrest and apoptosis in Bcr/Abl-transformed hematopoietic cells. Because signaling through Ras is necessary for Bcr/Abl transformation, we examined whether POH induces its anti-leukemia effect by inhibiting Ras signaling. EXPERIMENTAL DESIGN: The ability of POH to inhibit posttranslational farnesylation and signaling from Ras as well as signaling through the Raf-Mek-Erk cascade was examined in Bcr/Abl-transformed and mock-transformed cells and related to the anti-leukemia effect of POH. RESULTS: POH does not affect Ras prenylation or Ras activity, but it blocks signaling downstream of Ras by reversing the state of activation of the Erk kinase, Mek. POH affects Mek activity only when it is added to intact cells. Treatment of either cell lysates or of purified Mek with POH has no effect on Mek activity. Inhibition of the Mek-Erk pathway seems to be related to the POH anti-leukemia effect for the following reasons: (a) the concentration of POH needed to block the Erk pathway, as well the kinetics with which POH inhibits this signaling cascade, both correlate with the anti-leukemia effect of POH; (b) both U0126 (a specific Mek inhibitor) and POH induce similar anti-leukemia effects; and (c) mock-transformed hematopoietic cells are simultaneously resistant to POH anti-leukemia effects and inhibition of the Mek-Erk pathway. CONCLUSION: Blocking Mek is sufficient to induce growth arrest and apoptosis in Bcr/Abl-transformed cells; therefore, POH represents a novel small molecule inhibitor of Mek that might be effective for treating Bcr/Abl leukemias. 相似文献