全文获取类型
收费全文 | 7759篇 |
免费 | 380篇 |
国内免费 | 53篇 |
专业分类
耳鼻咽喉 | 78篇 |
儿科学 | 147篇 |
妇产科学 | 102篇 |
基础医学 | 1101篇 |
口腔科学 | 334篇 |
临床医学 | 472篇 |
内科学 | 1829篇 |
皮肤病学 | 195篇 |
神经病学 | 608篇 |
特种医学 | 257篇 |
外科学 | 1435篇 |
综合类 | 42篇 |
预防医学 | 161篇 |
眼科学 | 144篇 |
药学 | 409篇 |
中国医学 | 11篇 |
肿瘤学 | 867篇 |
出版年
2022年 | 86篇 |
2021年 | 133篇 |
2020年 | 68篇 |
2019年 | 89篇 |
2018年 | 143篇 |
2017年 | 124篇 |
2016年 | 137篇 |
2015年 | 142篇 |
2014年 | 183篇 |
2013年 | 236篇 |
2012年 | 337篇 |
2011年 | 407篇 |
2010年 | 258篇 |
2009年 | 220篇 |
2008年 | 345篇 |
2007年 | 371篇 |
2006年 | 393篇 |
2005年 | 377篇 |
2004年 | 379篇 |
2003年 | 366篇 |
2002年 | 383篇 |
2001年 | 272篇 |
2000年 | 253篇 |
1999年 | 225篇 |
1998年 | 115篇 |
1997年 | 72篇 |
1996年 | 73篇 |
1995年 | 68篇 |
1994年 | 57篇 |
1993年 | 65篇 |
1992年 | 147篇 |
1991年 | 125篇 |
1990年 | 131篇 |
1989年 | 136篇 |
1988年 | 109篇 |
1987年 | 109篇 |
1986年 | 98篇 |
1985年 | 94篇 |
1984年 | 88篇 |
1983年 | 71篇 |
1982年 | 44篇 |
1981年 | 36篇 |
1979年 | 77篇 |
1978年 | 43篇 |
1977年 | 37篇 |
1973年 | 39篇 |
1970年 | 36篇 |
1969年 | 40篇 |
1968年 | 37篇 |
1967年 | 43篇 |
排序方式: 共有8192条查询结果,搜索用时 0 毫秒
51.
52.
Akihiro Yamamoto Takushi Naroda Susumu Kagawa Yoshihumi Umaki Yasumi Shintani Toshiaki Sano Hironobu Sasano 《Endocrine pathology》1993,4(3):165-168
A case of DOC-secreting adrenocortical carcinoma in a 66-year-old man is reported. He had hypertension, hypokalemia, suppressed PRA, and excessive serum levels of DOC. His serum aldosterone level was normal. The resected adrenal mass weighed 230 g. Histologically, the tumor was mainly composed of compact cells associated with necrosis and atypical mitoses. Invasion of venous structure, sinusoids, and capsule was also present. Immunohistochemically, P450 C21 (21 -hydroxylase) was positive in many tumor cells, and P450 C17(17 α-hydroxylase) was intensely positive in a relatively small number of tumor cells. The patient died 9 months after operation due to rupture of metastatic liver tumor.Endocr Pathol 4:165–168, 1993. 相似文献
53.
In situ hybridisation with digoxigenin-labelled DNA probes for detection of viral genomes. 总被引:2,自引:2,他引:2
下载免费PDF全文
![点击此处可从《Journal of clinical pathology》网站下载免费的PDF全文](/ch/ext_images/free.gif)
The applicability of a recently developed non-radioactive DNA labelling and detection method, which uses the digoxigenin (DIG) enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) system, for the detection of viral infections in pathology specimens by in situ hybridisation, was examined. Its efficacy was compared with that of biotin and radioisotope labelling methods. Three cases of progressive multifocal leucoencephalopathy, two of verruca vulgaris, and seven cases of laryngeal papilloma were studied. The sensitivity of the DIG labelled probe was almost the same as that of a 35S-labelled probe in the dot-blot hybridisation test. Using in situ hybridisation with 35S-labelled and DIG labelled probes, the levels of the hybridised signals detected were similar. The biotin labelled probe was less sensitive, particularly in the cases of laryngeal papilloma. The DIG labelling and detection method was highly sensitive and applicable to the detection of viral infection by ISH, and is preferable to a radiolabelled probe, especially when in situ hybridisation is done in the pathology laboratory. 相似文献
54.
Takanori Hirose Toshiaki Sano Junichi Abe Kazuo Hizawa Shigeki Hatakeyama Itsumi Mori 《Ultrastructural pathology》1988,12(5):529-536
A case of recurrent soft part sarcoma with focal areas showing epithelial differentiation in the right thigh in a 78-year-old woman is reported. The primary tumor consisted of myxoid areas and solid areas, in which relatively uniform epithelioid tumor cells were arranged in sheets, whereas pleomor-phism and a storiform pattern appeared in the recurrent tumors. Thus this tumor was suspected to be a malignant fibrous histiocytoma. However, further studies showed unexpected ultrastructural and immunohistochemical features. Cytokeratin immu-noreactivity and tonofilamentlike structures probably indicated epithelial differentiation of some tumor cells. From the clinical and histological findings, this tumor should be identified as a malignant fibrous histiocytoma with phenotypic expressions of epithelial cell. 相似文献
55.
A case of spindle cell carcinoma of the uterus in a 56-year-old woman is reported. Microscopically, it showed an intimate admixture of epithelial and sarcomatous elements. The epithelial nature, especially the squamous cell nature, in sarcomatous areas was indicated by immunoreactivity for keratin and ultrastructural characters, such as bundles of tonofilaments and some cell junctions, while the tumor cells in these areas were also vimentin-positive. Furthermore, ultrastructural study and immunostaining for actin demonstrated myofilaments in tumor cells in both tumor nests and sarcomatous areas. This may impart the high degree of invasiveness of spindle cell carcinoma. 相似文献
56.
R. Tateishi K. Taniguchi T. Horai T. Iwanaga H. Taniguchi T. Kabuto M. Sano S. Ishiguro A. Wada 《Virchows Archiv : an international journal of pathology》1976,371(4):283-294
Summary In a series of 79 cases of primary esophageal carcinoma resected at The Center for Adult Diseases, Osaka, there were six tumors with specific histopathologic features valid for the diagnosis of argyrophil cell carcinoma. Of the 6 tumors, 3 were studied electron microscopically and assay for ACTH content was performed on 4 tumors.Clinically, the ages of the 6 patients ranged from 56 to 71 years; two were women and four men. Four of the 6 patients died with widespread tumor recurrences within 9 months of operation.Microscopically, the 6 tumors were composed largely or almost entirely of small, spindle-shaped cells resembling those of oat cell carcinoma of the lung, and were characterized by the arrangement of tumor cells in solid sheets or anastomosing cords, the presence of argyrophil tumor cells, and the deposits of amyloid. Electron microscopically, the three tumors contained neurosecretory-type granules. Using bioassay or radioimmunoassay ACTH activity in the tumor tissues was detected in 3 out of the 4 tumors determined.From the light and electron microscopic characteristics and the assay evidence, it seems reasonable to conclude that the 6 tumors are endocrine polypeptide producing tumors (apudomas) that arise from argyrophil cells normally found among the basal cells of the esophageal mucosa, and that they represent a distinct histopathologic entity clearly distinguishable from other types of esophageal carcinomas.Supported in part by a Grant-in Aid for Cancer Research from the Ministry of Education, Science and Culture, and the Ministry of Health and Welfare, JapanThe authors are grateful to Prof. H. Imura and Dr. Y. Hirate, Department of Internal Medicine, Kobe University School of Medicine for their interest and performing the assays for ACTH on the tumor tissues. 相似文献
57.
Kazuko Sukegawa Shunji Tomatsu Toshiyuki Fukao Hideki Iwata Xiang-Qian Song Yukiji Yamada Seiji Fukuda Kouji Isogai Tadao Orii 《Human mutation》1995,6(2):136-143
Mucopolysaccharidosis type II (Hunter disease) is a lysosomal storage disorder caused by a deficiency of the enzyme iduronate-2-sulfatase. Varied clinical phenotypes of this disease have been described. To identify mutations in individual patients and to examine possible correlations between mutations and clinical phenotypes, we analyzed the iduronate-2-sulfatase gene in Japanese patients with different clinical phenotypes. Five missense mutations, S333L (severe), R468Q (severe), R468L (severe), W337R (intermediate), R48P (mild), and three nonsense mutations, W345X (severe), R443X (intermediate), Q531X (mild), were identified by the RT-PCR method. Transient expression in the enzyme-deficient fibroblasts revealed that all five missense mutant enzymes were synthesized as the normal-size precursor (73 kD), and the nonsense mutant enzymes were synthesized as truncated ones (W345X:54 kD, R443X:59 kD, and Q531X:69 kD), although stable mature enzymes (45–56 kD) were not detected by Western blot analysis. Further more, expression of the eight mutant cDNAs resulted in severe reductions of iduronate-2-sulfatase enzyme activity in comparison with a normal cDNA. © 1995 Wiley-Liss, Inc. 相似文献
58.
Kobayashi K Kusakabe M Okada M Sakairi T Goto K Tsuchiya T Sugimoto J Sano F Mutai M 《Toxicologic pathology》2000,28(5):664-667
Hepatocellular carcinomas (HCCs) were induced in male Fischer 344 rats with dietary 3'-methyl-4-(dimethylamino)-azobenzene treatment and were classified into solid, glandular (well- or poorly differentiated), and trabecular types. Investigation of cell proliferation kinetics and immunohistochemical localization of transforming growth factor alpha (TGF-alpha) demonstrated all solid (n = 24) and poorly differentiated glandular type (n = 6) HCCs to have TGF-alpha-positive nuclei. Nuclear staining of TGF-alpha was also observed in 13 of 28 (46%) trabecular-type HCCs, whereas 12 (43%) exhibited cytoplasmic staining, and 3 (11%) were negative. As for well-differentiated glandular HCCs, 7 of 20 (35%) were positively stained in their nucleus, another 7 (35%) demonstrated antibody binding in the cytoplasm, and 6 (30%) were negative. The order for growth rate evaluated by bromodeoxyuridine (BrdU) labeling was solid (38.22%), poorly differentiated glandular (26.82%), trabecular (7.98%), and well-differentiated glandular (2.57%) types. For trabecular HCCs with nuclear, cytoplasmic, or negative TGF reactions, values were 13.39% (n = 13), 3.61% (n = 12), and 2.01% (n = 3), respectively. Likewise, BrdU-labeling indices for the counterpart groups of well-differentiated glandular type HCCs were 4.53, 1.91, and 1.29%, respectively. The results indicate that TGF-alpha expression might be linked to histopathological differentiation and cell proliferation in rat HCCs. 相似文献
59.
Kenji Sano 《Pathology international》1988,38(10):1241-1253
White male rabbits, weighing about 3 kg, were injected intravenously with 5 ml of 0.1% saponin solution dissolved in physiological saline once a week for six months. The sequential histological changes in the kidneys were observed by repeated biopsies and, in addition, the animals were subjected to necropsy for light and electron microscopic examinations. Amyloid protein was purified from the animal tissues, estimated at approximately 6,300 daltons in molecular weight by SDS-PAGE and considered as an AA type protein based on its amino acid sequence study. The antibody against the purified amyloid protein was produced in guinea pigs and was used for immunohistochemical studies. The deposition of amyloid started initially in mesangial matrices and subendothelial regions of the glomeruli, but at the end the spleen, kidney and bowels were found to be frequent sites of deposition. The amyloid deposited in the tissues was specifically positive by the indirect immunohistochemistry using the prepared antibody. This antibody also reacted positively to human materials with secondary amyloidosis. These results indicate that amyloidosis induced by saponin is a good model of secondary amyloidosis. 相似文献
60.
Yoshimura R Matsuyama M Hase T Tsuchida K Kuratsukuri K Kawahito Y Sano H Segawa Y Nakatani T 《International journal of molecular medicine》2003,12(6):861-865
Peroxisome proliferator activator-receptor (PPAR)-gamma ligand induces growth arrest of cancer cells through apoptosis. In this study, we examined the effects of PPAR-gamma inhibitors on cell proliferation in renal cell carcinoma (RCC), bladder tumor (BT), and prostatic carcinoma (PC) cell lines. We investigated the inhibitory effect of PPAR-gamma ligands, troglitazone and 15-deoxy-Delta12,14-prostaglandin J2 (15dPGJ2) on RCC, BT and PC-derived cell lines using MTT assay and Hoechst staining. PPAR-gamma ligands (troglitazone and 15dPGJ2) induced the reduction of cell viability with the half-maximal concentration of growth inhibition of RCC, BT, and PC cell lines. Furthermore, counting cells at days 1, 2 and 3, clearly showed marked inhibition of cell proliferation using troglitazone and 15dPGJ2. All PPAR-gamma inhibitors stopped the growth of all RCC, BT and PC cells. Cells treated with PPAR-gamma inhibitors showed chromatin condensation, cellular shrinkage, small membrane-bound bodies (apoptotic bodies), and cytoplasmic condensation. These cellular changes were typically redundant characteristics of apoptosis. PPAR-gamma ligands may mediate potent antiproliferative effects against RCC, BT and PC cells through differentiation. Thus, PPAR-gamma may become a new target in treatment of urological tumors. 相似文献