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91.
Dinesh K. Bhargava M.D. PhD. Shriniwas M.D. Prem Chopra M.D. Sandeep Nijhawan D.M. S. Dasarathy D.M. Anil K. S. Kushwaha Ph.D. 《The American journal of gastroenterology》1992,87(1):109-112
We report laparoscopic findings in 38 proven cases of peritoneal tuberculosis. The laparoscopic appearances can be classified into three types: thickened peritoneum with miliary yellowish white tubercles with or without adhesions (n = 25), only thickened peritoneum with or without adhesions (n = 8), and fibroadhesive pattern (n = 5). Biopsies were avoided from fibroadhesive lesions due to risk of complications. Visual diagnosis was accurate in 95% of patients. In comparison, in 27 (82%) of 33 patients, the examination enabled a histologic diagnosis to he made on the basis of typical granulomas. The combined use of guinea pig inoculation and culture isolated Mycobacterium tuberculosis in six (37.5%) of 16 patients. Mycobacteria were scarcely (3%) seen on histological sections. We conclude that, although target biopsy is an effective method of obtaining an early diagnosis of peritoneal tuberculosis, chemotherapy may be started on the basis of visual laparoscopic appearances alone. 相似文献
92.
Ulrike Schliesser Martin Chopra Andreas Beilhack Christine Appelt Simone Vogel Julia Schumann Ivo Panov Katrin Vogt Stephan Schlickeiser Sven Olek Kathryn Wood Christine Brandt Hans‐Dieter Volk Birgit Sawitzki 《European journal of immunology》2013,43(12):3291-3305
The transfer of alloreactive regulatory T (aTreg) cells into transplant recipients represents an attractive treatment option to improve long‐term graft acceptance. We recently described a protocol for the generation of aTreg cells in mice using a nondepleting anti‐CD4 antibody (aCD4). Here, we investigated whether adding TGF‐β and retinoic acid (RA) or rapamycin (Rapa) can further improve aTreg‐cell generation and function. Murine CD4+ T cells were cultured with allogeneic B cells in the presence of aCD4 alone, aCD4+TGF‐β+RA or aCD4+Rapa. Addition of TGF‐β+RA or Rapa resulted in an increase of CD25+Foxp3+‐expressing T cells. Expression of CD40L and production of IFN‐γ and IL‐17 was abolished in aCD4+TGF‐β+RA aTreg cells. Additionally, aCD4+TGF‐β+RA aTreg cells showed the highest level of Helios and Neuropilin‐1 co‐expression. Although CD25+Foxp3+ cells from all culture conditions displayed complete demethylation of the Treg‐specific demethylated region, aCD4+TGF‐β+RA Treg cells showed the most stable Foxp3 expression upon restimulation. Consequently, aCD4+TGF‐β+RA aTreg cells suppressed effector T‐cell differentiation more effectively in comparison to aTreg cells harvested from all other cultures, and furthermore inhibited acute graft versus host disease and especially skin transplant rejection. Thus, addition of TGF‐β+RA seems to be superior over Rapa in stabilising the phenotype and functional capacity of aTreg cells. 相似文献
93.
Background
Pain and depression are frequent co-morbid disorders. The prevalence rate of depression is several times higher in patients with chronic pain than in the general population but the mechanism underlying this association is unknown. A combination of interactions between neurotransmitters, neuropeptides, oxidative and nitrosative stress and cytokines are thought to take part in pathogenesis of pain as well as depression. Thus, the aim of the present study was two-fold, first to investigate the interplay between nociception and associated depression and second to investigate the protective potential of berberine against the reserpine-induced nociceptive and depressive behaviour and further to explore the role of oxidative–nitrosative stress mediated inflammatory cascade and apoptotic signalling pathway in this dyad.Methods and results
Nociception and associated depression were induced by administration of reserpine (1 mg/kg subcutaneous daily) for three consecutive days. This behavioural deficit was integrated with decrease in the biogenic amine (dopamine, norepinephrine and serotonin) levels along with increased substance P concentration, oxidative–nitrosative stress, inflammatory cytokines, NF-κβ and caspase-3 levels in different brain regions (cortex and hippocampus) of the reserpinised rats.Limitation
More studies are still warranted in similar rodent models of pain and depression, so, that the present findings can be further substantiated to establish the clinical effectiveness of berberine in a subset of patients suffering from pain as well as depression.Conclusion
The findings from the current study suggested that reserpine-induced neurochemical alterations and dysregulation of oxidative–nitrosative stress induced inflammatory cascade underlies the co-morbidity of nociceptive behaviour and associated depression in rats. 相似文献94.
Yogesh Diwan Randhir S. Chauhan D.S. Dhiman Sanjiv Sharma Deepa Diwan 《Journal of the Anatomical Society of India》2013,62(2):120-124
AimsTo find out the normal pattern of hepatic veins in the North Indian population and to categorize them.MethodsThe present study was conducted on 100 patients whose spiral CT abdomen was performed for various medical conditions in the department of radiodiagnosis.ResultsFour categories were recognized. Category-1, when right hepatic vein drains independently into the inferior vena cava whereas middle and left hepatic veins join together to form a common trunk before draining into the inferior vena cava. It was observed in 74% patients. Category-2 was observed in 2% patients, where right & middle hepatic veins join to form a common trunk and left hepatic vein drain independently into the inferior vena cava. Category-3 was observed in 21% patients, where all the three major hepatic veins drain independently into the inferior vena cava. Category-4 was observed in 3% patients, where all the three major hepatic veins join together to form a common trunk before draining into the inferior vena cava.ConclusionsCategory-1 is the most common pattern of major hepatic vein drainage found in the North Indian population. The present study also concluded that single right, middle and left hepatic vein is the most common pattern of hepatic veins present in the North Indian population. Caudate lobe is drained by more than one vein in majority of North Indians. Also superomedial vein, right accessory vein and inferior right hepatic vein are the most common accessory veins present in the North Indian population. 相似文献
95.
Sahil Sood Lavanya Gurram Dheera Aravindakshan John Paul Supriya Chopra Jamema Swamidas Akshay Patil Umesh Mahantshetty 《Brachytherapy》2021,20(3):550-556
PurposeThe study is an audit of reporting dose and volume specifications as per the ICRU 58 for MUPIT-based interstitial brachytherapy in gynecological cancers. Correlation between total reference air kerma (TRAK) and isodose surface was also evaluated to understand the intensity of treatment in interstitial brachytherapy.Methods and MaterialsForty-two patients underwent HDR MUPIT-based interstitial brachytherapy 20 Gy in five fractions after EBRT during 2017–2019. Treated volume, high and low-dose regions, mean central dose, Dose Homogeneity Index (DHI), organ at risk doses, and TRAK values were computed.ResultsHigh-dose regions V150 mean was 12.4 cc and V200 was 4.58 cc; and low-dose region was 75.92 cc. The mean treated volume was 59.8 cc. The mean central dose was 3.7 Gy. DHI was 79%. The mean D2cm3 bladder and rectum were 2.9 Gy and 2.8 Gy. The mean TRAK was 0.16 cGy per fraction per hour at 1 m. TRAK values showed significant correlation with various isodose volumes (TRAK and V100: r = 0.943 p < 0.0005; and TRAK and V50: r = 0.953; p < 0.0005). A positive correlation was observed between TRAK and the number of needles (r = 0.746; p < 0.0005). At a median followup of 16 months, 4 of 42 patients (9.5%) had local recurrences.ConclusionsOur study shows compliance with ICRU 58 recommendations along with certain deviations. Local recurrence rate is acceptable. TRAK shows correlation with surface isodose in MUPIT-based brachytherapy and should to be evaluated in future studies. 相似文献
96.
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99.
Maheshkumar N Upasani Supriya Chopra Reena Engineer Umesh Mahantshetty Seema Medhi Zubin Mehta Shyam K Shrivastava 《The British journal of radiology》2015,88(1054)