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21.
Sergi Sastre Francisco Maculé Sandra Lasurt Josep-María Segur Lluis Lozano Montse Nuñez Santiago Suso 《European journal of orthopaedic surgery & traumatology : orthopedie traumatologie》2007,17(4):393-397
Five patients with idiopathic transient osteoporosis were examined. Bone scanning and MRI was helpful in the diagnosis to differentiate of necrosis and all patients recovered completely with conservative and symptomatic treatment. There was no history of trauma in all patients. MRI was realized previously in all cases to confirm the diagnosis and after the resolution of symptomathology. 相似文献
22.
Sandra Urdaneta Hartmann Brian Wigdahl Elizabeth B Neely Cheston M Berlin Cara-Lynne Schengrund Hung-Mo Lin Mary K Howett 《Journal of human lactation》2006,22(1):61-74
Reduction of transmission of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) through human milk is needed. Alkyl sulfates such as sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS) are microbicidal against HIV-1 at low concentrations, have little to no toxicity, and are inexpensive. The authors have reported that treatment of HIV-1-infected human milk with < or = 1% (10 mg/mL) SDS for 10 minutes inactivates cell-free and cell-associated virus. The SDS can be removed with a commercially available resin after treatment without recovery of viral infectivity. In this article, the authors report results of selective biochemical analyses (ie, protein, immunoglobulins, lipids, cells, and electrolytes) of human milk subjected to SDS treatment and removal. The SDS treatment or removal had no significant effects on the milk components studied. Therefore, the use of alkyl sulfate microbicides to treat milk from HIV-1-positive women may be a simple, practical, and nutritionally sound way to prevent or reduce transmission of HIV-1 while still feeding with mother's own milk. 相似文献
23.
Sandra E. File 《Human psychopharmacology》1987,2(3):151-158
The clinical efficacy of the benzodiazepines in reducing anxiety is widely accepted. However, the search for novel anxiolytics continues, motivated by the hope of finding a non-sedative anxiolytic. This article reviews the pre-clinical evidence for new compounds as it relates both to their anxiolytic actions in animal tests and to their sedative potential. Drugs acting at sites on the GABA-benzodiazepine receptor complex are discussed, as well as the potential importance of aminergic and peptidergic pathways. 相似文献
24.
Sandra V Navarra 《Nephrology, dialysis, transplantation》2006,21(3):579-581
Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) is a complex disease whichhas posed a continuing challenge to scientists and cliniciansof diverse areas of specialization. It serves as a model forthe study of the mechanisms of autoimmunityprovidingan important basis for the development of novel targeted therapiesin lupus and related conditions. The pathophysiology of SLE stems from the abnormal clearanceof apoptotic cells and/or endothelial activation. Material fromdying cells such as apoptotic blebs that are not efficientlyremoved may act as antigenic stimuli and lead to the developmentof autoantibodies with consequent formation of immune complexesand an inflammatory response in a variety of organ systems [1].This 相似文献
25.
26.
A D Deitch V A Andreotti M A Strand L Howell R W deVere White 《The Journal of urology》1990,143(4):700-705
We describe a method to fix exfoliated bladder cells that is suitable for followup of bladder cancer patients by deoxyribonucleic acid flow cytometry. After fixation with room temperature methanol plus acetic acid (20:1, volume:volume) urine and bladder washing samples from these patients can be stored at room temperature for 3 to 7 days and then assessed reliably for the presence of aneuploidy and the percentage of hyperdiploid cells. For those with active transitional cell carcinoma diagnostic accuracy comparing fresh to fixed specimens was improved from 58 to 92% with urine and from 50 to 100% with washing samples. For patients with a history of transitional cell carcinoma who currently are free of disease the false positive rate remains unchanged after fixation. The procedure described is suitable for use in the outpatient clinic and should permit shipping of samples without refrigeration to a central flow cytometry facility for analysis. 相似文献
27.
Dr. Sandra S. Garner Pharm.D. Dr. Donald B. Wiest Pharm.D. Mr. J. Warren Bradley R.R.T. 《Pharmacotherapy》1994,14(2):210-214
Study Objective . To determine albuterol delivery by metered-dose inhaler (MDI) in an in vitro pediatric mechanical ventilatory circuit model. The influence of a spacing device, endotracheal tube (ETT) diameter and length, and air humidity was also investigated. Design . An albuterol MDI canister was connected to an AeroVent spacer or Airlife MDI adapter and ETT 4.0, 5.0, or 6.0 mm at commercially available and equal lengths. The ETT tip was attached to an in-line filter holder with a 1-μm type A/E glass fiber filter. Ventilator settings were fractional concentration of inspired oxygen 50%, tidal volume 250 ml, inspiratory:expiratory (I:E) ratio 1:3, rate 25 breaths/minute, temperature 35°C, and a decelerating flow pattern. Ten albuterol canisters were activated two times each (total 2000 μg) into dry (4.0-, 5.0-, and 6.0-mm ETT) and humidified air (4.0- and 6.0-mm ETT) and repeated in triplicate. Percentage MDI output was determined by weighing the filter before and after drug administration (balance sensitivity 10 μg). Significant differences (p≤0.05) among the groups with and without a spacer and in dry and humidified air were determined by ANOVA with Scheffe's multiple comparison test. Multiple regression was used to determine significant associations between ETT diameter and length and delivery. Main Results . With the AeroVent spacer in humidified air, delivery with the 4.0- and 6.0-mm ETT was approximately 2.3% and 5%, respectively. The spacer and dry air significantly improved delivery. Conclusions . In humidified air, the dose of albuterol by MDI with an AeroVent spacer should be doubled for children intubated with 6.0-mm ETT, and four puffs administered for every one puff desired for 4.0-mm ETT. The results of this investigation should prove useful in initial clinical trials of albuterol MDI in ventilator-dependent infants and children. 相似文献
28.
Anita MacDonald Dr Sandra Warrington Chairman Professional Development Committee 《Journal of human nutrition and dietetics》1990,3(2):71-77
At the present time, there are many fundamental issues coming from the Department of Health or from other national organizations, which will have an effect on the future development of the dietetic profession. The British Diatetic Association (BDA) Professional Development Committee will consider these issues, as and when appropriate, and will publish the information in the form of Briefing Papers.
The first Briefing Paper on 'Quality Assurance' was published by the BDA in November 1989. The second on 'Measuring clinical outcome' is published below. In each case the opinion of BDA members and specialist groups has been sought and the Professional Development Committee wishes to thank individuals and the specialist groups for their comments.
The Briefing Papers are intended to provide information and promote discussion among the membership. I would welcome further comments from readers, which may be directed to the British Dietetic Association Office. 相似文献
The first Briefing Paper on 'Quality Assurance' was published by the BDA in November 1989. The second on 'Measuring clinical outcome' is published below. In each case the opinion of BDA members and specialist groups has been sought and the Professional Development Committee wishes to thank individuals and the specialist groups for their comments.
The Briefing Papers are intended to provide information and promote discussion among the membership. I would welcome further comments from readers, which may be directed to the British Dietetic Association Office. 相似文献
29.
30.
Milton J. Guiberteau MD Pamela A. Wilcox RN MBA Sandra Bjork RN JD 《Journal of the American College of Radiology》2004,1(2):92-97
Clinical practice guidelines have emerged as a reality for medical practitioners over the past 20 years. Although virtually all groups interested in the development of practice guidelines hope for improvements in patient care, secondary expectations vary widely among those using them. Their use in daily practice by physicians has met with resistance from barriers including concerns of “cookbook” medicine, a loss of autonomy, and increased professional liability. The recent experience of the ACR in addressing these challenges illustrates that physicians are receptive to steps perceived to mitigate the risks accompanying the use of guidelines as well as to efforts to increase their understanding of implementing guidelines in clinical practice. The experiences of other medical societies and an inventory of future trends reveal additional challenges associated with the use of practice guidelines, as third parties look to guidelines as points of reference for gauging the performance of health care providers. 相似文献