助产士电话随访对产妇出院后产褥期心身健康的影响

目的探讨助产士电话访视对产褥期产妇生活质量的影响。方法入选2005年7月至2009年7月我院产科1108例经阴道分娩产妇,分为电话访视组（732例）及无电话访视组（376例）。产妇出院后4—14天由责任助产士通过电话访视对产妇进行产褥期健康教育,对如何预防产褥期感染、奶胀、乳头皲裂进行讲解,对产妇提出的疑问进行解答,让产妇学习产褥期护理的知识;产后8周对产妇产褥期感染、奶胀、乳头皲裂及产后心理进行评估。结果电话访视组产妇院后产褥期感染、奶胀、乳头皲裂及产后抑郁症的发生率分别为O％、4．0％、2．5％及2．9％;无电话随访组产妇院后产褥期感染、奶胀、乳头皲裂及产后抑郁症的发生率分别为0．7％、8．5％、5．1％及10．1％。两组比较,电话访视组产妇院后产褥期感染、奶胀、乳头皲裂及产后抑郁症的发生率明显降低,差异有统计学意义,P〈0．05。结论助产士电话随访能改善产妇院后产褥期心身健康,有助于产妇顺度过产褥期,预防疾病。     

A novel, orally active LPA1 receptor antagonist inhibits lung fibrosis in the mouse bleomycin model

Background and purpose:

The aim of this study was to assess the potential of an antagonist selective for the lysophosphatidic acid receptor, LPA₁, in treating lung fibrosis We evaluated the in vitro and in vivo pharmacological properties of the high affinity, selective, oral LPA₁-antagonist (4′-{4-[(R)-1-(2-chloro-phenyl)-ethoxycarbonylamino]-3-methyl-isoxazol-5-yl}-biphenyl-4-yl)-acetic acid (AM966).

Experimental approach:

The potency and selectivity of AM966 for LPA₁ receptors was determined in vitro by calcium flux and cell chemotaxis assays using recombinant and native cell cultures. The in vivo efficacy of AM966 to reduce tissue injury, vascular leakage, inflammation and fibrosis was assessed at several time points in the mouse bleomycin model.

Key results:

AM966 was a potent antagonist of LPA₁ receptors, with selectivity for this receptor over the other LPA receptors. In vitro, AM966 inhibited LPA-stimulated intracellular calcium release (IC₅₀ = 17 nM) from Chinese hamster ovary cells stably expressing human LPA₁ receptors and inhibited LPA-induced chemotaxis (IC₅₀ = 181 nM) of human IMR-90 lung fibroblasts expressing LPA₁ receptors. AM966 demonstrated a good pharmacokinetic profile following oral dosing in mice. In the mouse, AM966 reduced lung injury, vascular leakage, inflammation and fibrosis at multiple time points following intratracheal bleomycin instillation. AM966 also decreased lactate dehydrogenase activity and tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinase-1, transforming growth factor β1, hyaluronan and matrix metalloproteinase-7, in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid.

Conclusions and implications:

These findings demonstrate that AM966 is a potent, selective, orally bioavailable LPA₁ receptor antagonist that may be beneficial in treating lung injury and fibrosis, as well as other diseases that are characterized by pathological inflammation, oedema and fibrosis.     

纳米活性炭吸附氟尿嘧啶在胃癌荷瘤裸鼠体内释放及抑瘤作用的观察

目的:观察自制的5-氟尿嘧啶(5-FU)-纳米活性炭(ACNP)在胃癌荷瘤裸鼠体内的释放和抑瘤效果。方法:在BALB/c/nu裸鼠腹腔内移植人胃癌细胞系SGC7901,建立转移模型并随机分组。A组:腹腔内注入5-FU;B组:5-FU-AC-NP;C组:纯生理盐水。1)于不同时间点内眦静脉采血,高效液相色谱检测血浆中5-FU浓度;2)观察各组小鼠的存活状况,比较各组腹腔内瘤结节的质量和大小。结果:5-FU-ACNP组与5-FU组比较,前者血中的5-FU吸收、消除半衰期延长,峰浓度减低且变化平稳,P<0.05;裸鼠腹腔内瘤结节较轻、较少,P<0.05,裸鼠的中位存活时间延长,P≤0.01。结论:自制的ACNP结合5-FU经腹腔给药后,药物入血缓慢,血浆中的浓度低,半衰期延长,毒副反应减轻,对裸鼠腹腔移植瘤有较强抑制作用。     

Evaluation of direct intramural injection to the bladder wall as a method for developing orthotopic tumor models

BackgroundBladder cancer poses a great burden on society and its high rate of recurrence and treatment failure necessitates use of appropriate animal models to study its pathogenesis and test novel treatments. Orthotopic models are superior to other types since they provide a normal microenvironment. Four methods are described for developing bladder cancer models inside the animal''s bladder. Direct intramural injection is one of these methods and is widely used. However, its efficacy in model development has not yet been studied. We aimed to evaluate the efficacy and success rate of the direct intramural injection method of developing an orthotopic model for the study of bladder cancer.MethodTumor cell lines were prepared in four microtubes. Aliquots of 200 × 10³ cells were injected through a 27 gauge needle into the ventral wall of the bladders of 4 male and 4 female BALB/c mice following a midline 1 cm laparotomy incision. In addition, 1 million cells from each microtube were injected into the flanks of control mice. To prevent infection and alleviate pain, 5 mg/kg enrofloxacin and 2.5 mg/kg flunixin meglumine, respectively, were injected subcutaneously.ResultsTumors formed in all mice, resulting in 100% take rate and zero post‐operation mortality. Surgery time was ≤15 min per mouse. In two mice, tumors were found in the peritoneal space as well.ConclusionDirect intramural injection is a rapid, reliable, and reproducible method for developing orthotopic models of bladder cancer. It can be done on both male and female mice and only requires readily available surgical tools. However, needle track can result in cell spillage and peritoneal tumors.     

孤啡肽与孕期并发症的交互作用对产后抑郁症影响

目的 探讨血清孤啡肽（orphanin FQ,OFQ）与孕期并发症及其交互作用对产后抑郁症（postpartum depression,PPD）影响。 方法 收集银川市与中卫市两所医院200名待产孕妇,应用酶联免疫分析法（enzyme-linked immuno sorbent assay,ELISA）测定血清OFQ水平,采用自行设计的问卷调查家庭因素及孕期并发症,采用爱丁堡产后抑郁量表（Edinburg postnatal depression scale,EPDS）评估产后42 d抑郁状况。 结果 产后抑郁症组血清OFQ水平48.52（37.56,57.13）pg/ml高于对照组18.37（16.63,25.35）pg/ml,差异有统计学意义（Z=-6.761,P< 0.001）。婆媳关系较差（P=0.014）、有孕期并发症（χ²=6.505,P=0.011）的产妇抑郁检出率高。非条件Logistic回归分析模型分析显示,血清OFQ（OR=21.464,95% CI：6.859~67.167,P< 0.001）与孕期并发症（OR=3.600,95% CI：1.013~12.794,P=0.048）为PPD的危险因素,交互作用模型分析显示血清OFQ与孕期并发症之间存在交互作用（OR=2.229,P=0.021）。 结论 血清OFQ与孕期并发症是PPD的危险因素,两者同时存在时可增加PPD发生的危险性。     

超声成像在急性下肢深静脉血栓机械性清除治疗中应用价值

目的 探讨超声在急性下肢深静脉血栓(DVT)机械性血栓清除(PMT)治疗中应用的有效性和安全性。方法 132例急性期DVT患者置入滤器后分为82例超声组和50例造影组进行PMT及导管溶栓治疗,术后评估并比较两组静脉通畅情况、患肢周径差、血生化指标、手术时间、并发症及疗效随访。结果 超声组、造影组术后静脉通畅率较高,分别为82%、77.7%,术后两组静脉通畅情况组间对比差异均无统计学意义( P均＞0.05) 。平均手术时间超声组(1.08±0.32h)少于造影组(2.36±0.25h)(P=0.000)。并发症发生率超声组(12.2%)低于造影组(26%)(P=0.016)。术后血红蛋白含量超声组(125.66±15.48g/L)高于造影组(91.53±11.73g/L)(P=0.004)。两组术后患肢周径差、D-二聚体浓度、Villalta评分及VEINES-QOL评分组间对比差异均无统计学意义( P均＞0.05)。 结论 超声监测对急性DVT行PMT治疗安全有效,与传统静脉造影模式相比具有无辐射、手术时间短及并发症低的优点。     

评价骨质状况及骨质疏松症的超声方法

超声方法评价骨质状况及诊断骨质疏松症是近年来医学超声领域内的研究前沿,并已取得了较大的进展。本文将近年来超声纵波评价松质骨和超声轴向传播技术评价皮质骨以及超声诊断质疏松症的研究进展进行综述,在此基础上提出了当前研究中存在的主要问题及努力的方向。     

无患子皂苷遗传毒性的研究

目的：评价无患子皂苷的急性毒性和遗传毒性,为无患子皂苷的日常应用提供毒理学依据。方法通过急性经口毒性试验、哺乳动物红细胞微核试验、细菌回复突变试验和体外哺乳动物细胞染色体畸变试验,检测无患子皂苷对原核生物和真核生物在基因水平和染色体水平的诱变性。结果无患子皂苷的雌雄小鼠急性经口毒性LD50均为4640 mg/kg,可见流涎和黏液便等中毒体征。小鼠骨髓细胞微核试验各剂量组与阴性对照组比较,差异均无统计学意义（ P〉0.05）;Ames试验在加或不加S9各剂量组及菌株条件下的回变菌落数均未超过自发回变菌落数（阴性对照）的2倍以上,未观察到剂量-效应关系;染色体畸变试验无患子皂苷对CHL的IC50为75μg/mL,各剂量组与阴性对照组比较,差异均无统计学意义（ P〉0.05）。在上述各试验中,阳性对照组与阴性对照组比较,差异均有统计学意义（ P〈0.01）。结论在本实验条件下,无患子皂苷不具有遗传毒性。