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- Key Messages
Inadequate control of bradykinin formation results in the formation of characteristic subcutaneous and submucosal edemas of the skin, upper airways, facial structures, abdomen and extremities as seen in hereditary and acquired C1-inhibitor-dependent angioedema.
Diagnosis of hereditary and acquired C1-inhibitor-dependent angioedema may be troublesome as illustrated by the fact that there is a significant delay in diagnosis; a certain grade of suspicion is therefore crucial for quick diagnosis.
Submucosal edema formation in hereditary and acquired C1-inhibitor-dependent angioedema is potentially life threatening and can occur at any age.
To date effective therapies for acute and prophylactic treatment are available.
BACKGROUND
Lung cancer is the leading cause of cancer-related death in the United States (US) Military and worldwide, with non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) accounting for 87 % of cases.OBJECTIVES
Using a US military cohort who receives equal and open access to healthcare, we sought to examine demographic, clinical features and outcomes with NSCLC.DESIGN AND PARTICIPANTS
We conducted a retrospective cohort analysis of 4,751 patients, aged ≥ 18 years and diagnosed with a first primary NSCLC between 1 January 2003 and 31 December 2013 in the US Department of Defense (DoD) cancer registry.MAIN MEASURES
Differences by patient and disease characteristics were compared using Chi-square and t-test. Kaplan Meier curves and Cox proportional hazards regression assessed overall survival.RESULTS
The mean age at diagnosis was 66 years, 64 % were male, 72 % were Caucasian, 41 % were diagnosed at early stage, 77 % received treatment and 82 % had a history of tobacco use. Mean age at diagnosis was highest among Caucasians (67 years) and lowest among African Americans (AA; 62 years). Asian/Pacific Islanders (PI) were more likely to be female (p < 0.0001), have adenocarcinoma histology (p = 0.0003) and less likely to have a history of tobacco use (p < 0.0001) compared to other racial/ethnic groups. In multivariable survival analysis, older age, male gender, increasing stage, not receiving treatment, and tobacco history were associated with higher mortality risk. Untreated patients exhibited a 39 % higher mortality risk compared to treated patients (HR = 1.39; 95%CI = 1.23–1.57). Compared to Caucasian patients, Asian/PIs demonstrated a 20 % lower risk of death (HR = 0.80; 95%CI = 0.66–0.96). There was no difference in mortality risk between AAs and Hispanics compared to Caucasians.CONCLUSION
The lack of significant outcome disparity between AAs and Caucasians and the earlier stage at diagnosis than usually seen in civilian populations suggest that equal access to healthcare may play a role in early detection and survival.KEY WORDS: military, lung cancer, survival outcomes 相似文献![点击此处可从《American journal of medical genetics. Part A》网站下载免费的PDF全文](/ch/ext_images/free.gif)