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291.
Hashaam Akhtar Sundas Khalid Fazal ur Rahman Muhammad Umar Sabahat Ali Maham Afridi Faheem Hassan Yousef Saleh Khader Nasim Akhtar Muhammad Mujeeb Khan Aamer Ikram 《JMIR Public Health and Surveillance》2021,7(12)
BackgroundCOVID-19 became a pandemic rapidly after its emergence in December 2019. It belongs to the coronavirus family of viruses, which have struck a few times before in history. Data based on previous research regarding etiology and epidemiology of other viruses from this family helped played a vital role in formulating prevention and precaution strategies during the initial stages of this pandemic. Data related to COVID-19 in Pakistan were not initially documented on a large scale. In addition, due to a weak health care system and low economic conditions, Pakistan’s population, in general, already suffers from many comorbidities, which can severely affect the outcome of patients infected with COVID-19.ObjectiveCOVID-19 infections are coupled with a manifestation of various notable outcomes that can be documented and characterized clinically. The aim of this study was to examine these clinical manifestations, which can serve as indicators for early detection as well as severity prognosis for COVID-19 infections, especially in high-risk groups.MethodsA retrospective observational study involving abstraction of demographic features, presenting symptoms, and adverse clinical outcomes for 1812 patients with COVID-19 was conducted. Patients were admitted to the four major hospitals in the Rawalpindi-Islamabad region of Pakistan, and the study was conducted from February to August 2020. Multivariate regression analysis was carried out to identify significant indicators of COVID-19 severity, intensive care unit (ICU) admission, ventilator aid, and mortality. The study not only relates COVID-19 infection with comorbidities, but also examines other related factors, such as age and gender.ResultsThis study identified fever (1592/1812, 87.9%), cough (1433/1812, 79.1%), and shortness of breath (998/1812, 55.1%) at the time of hospital admission as the most prevalent symptoms for patients with COVID-19. These symptoms were common but not conclusive of the outcome of infection. Out of 1812 patients, 24.4% (n=443) required ICU admission and 21.5% (n=390) required ventilator aid at some point of disease progression during their stay at the hospital; 25.9% (n=469) of the patients died. Further analysis revealed the relationship of the presented symptoms and comorbidities with the progression of disease severity in these patients. Older adult patients with comorbidities, such as hypertension, diabetes, chronic kidney disease, and asthma, were significantly affected in higher proportions, resulting in requirement of ICU admission and ventilator aid in some cases and, in many cases, even mortality.ConclusionsOlder adult patients with comorbidities, such as hypertension, diabetes, asthma, chronic obstructive pulmonary disorder, and chronic kidney disease, are at increased risk of developing severe COVID-19 infections, with an increased likelihood of adverse clinical outcomes. 相似文献
292.
Connor P Dolan Felisha Imholt Tae-Jung Yang Rihana Bokhari Joshua Gregory Mingquan Yan Osama Qureshi Katherine Zimmel Kirby M Sherman Alyssa Falck Ling Yu Eric Leininger Regina Brunauer Larry J Suva Dana Gaddy Lindsay A Dawson Ken Muneoka 《Journal of bone and mineral research》2022,37(2):312-322
Amputation of the mouse digit tip results in blastema-mediated regeneration. In this model, new bone regenerates de novo to lengthen the amputated stump bone, resulting in a functional replacement of the terminal phalangeal element along with associated non-skeletal tissues. Physiological examples of bone repair, such as distraction osteogenesis and fracture repair, are well known to require mechanical loading. However, the role of mechanical loading during mammalian digit tip regeneration is unknown. In this study, we demonstrate that reducing mechanical loading inhibits blastema formation by attenuating bone resorption and wound closure, resulting in the complete inhibition of digit regeneration. Mechanical unloading effects on wound healing and regeneration are completely reversible when mechanical loading is restored. Mechanical unloading after blastema formation results in a reduced rate of de novo bone formation, demonstrating mechanical load dependence of the bone regenerative response. Moreover, enhancing the wound-healing response of mechanically unloaded digits with the cyanoacrylate tissue adhesive Dermabond improves wound closure and partially rescues digit tip regeneration. Taken together, these results demonstrate that mammalian digit tip regeneration is mechanical load-dependent. Given that human fingertip regeneration shares many characteristics with the mouse digit tip, these results identify mechanical load as a previously unappreciated requirement for de novo bone regeneration in humans. © 2021 American Society for Bone and Mineral Research (ASBMR). 相似文献
293.
Yehuda Edo Paz Sabahat Bokhari 《The international journal of cardiovascular imaging》2014,30(2):431-438
Substantial literature exists linking inflammation with arrhythmia, in particular with regards to serological markers of systemic inflammation. Regional inflammation can be identified using positron emission tomography (PET) with the radiotracer F18-fluorodeoxyglucose (F18-FDG). In the current series, we demonstrate novel applications of cardiac PET using F18-FDG and N13-ammonia radiotracers in the evaluation and treatment of arrhythmia associated with cardiac sarcoidosis. These applications include defining the cause of arrhythmia, identifying arrhythmias that will be amenable to medical management, and guiding therapy using serial scanning. Though these applications are promising, prospective multicenter studies are needed to provide better understanding of the utility of PET imaging in the diagnosis and treatment of arrhythmias. 相似文献
294.
Rahmat Ali Khan Muhammad Rashid Khan Sumaira Sahreen Jasia Bokhari 《Food and chemical toxicology》2010,48(8-9):2469-2476
Sonchus asper (SA) is locally used in renal aliments. The present work investigated the antioxidant effects of S. asper methanolic extract (SAME) against CCl4-induced nephrotoxicity in Sprague–Dawley male rats. CCl4 (3 ml/kg b.w., i.p.; 30% in olive oil) biweekly for 4 weeks induced lipid peroxidation, as reflected by significant increase of TBARS; diminished the renal antioxidant defenses, as revealed by a decrease of the level of GSH, CAT, SOD, GST, GSR, GSH-Px and QR while elevated the level of γ-GT, H2O2 and nitrite contents. CCl4 caused histopathological injuries and significantly increased the renal AgNORs count and DNA damage. Telomerase activity in kidney was determined positive with CCl4 treatment. Creatinine, urobilinogen and urea concentration was increased whereas creatinine clearance was decreased in serum and urine. Level of protein and albumin was increased in urine while reduced in serum. Serum level of nitrite was increased with CCl4 treatment. Treatment of rats with SAME (100, 200 mg/kg b.w.) effectively ameliorated the alterations induced with CCl4 in lipid peroxidation, antioxidant defenses, biochemical markers, genotoxicity and renal lesions. The present data suggests that SAME protect the kidneys possibly by alleviating the oxidative stress induced with CCl4 in rat. 相似文献
295.
Saleh Saad AlGamdi Maha Alawi Rakan Bokhari Khalid Bajunaid Abdelmoniem Mukhtar Saleh S. Baeesa 《Medicine》2021,100(17)
Surgical site infections (SSIs) are common complications after spinal surgery that result in increased morbidity, mortality, and healthcare costs. It was estimated that SSIs after spinal surgery resulted in a 4-fold increase in health care costs. The reported SSI rate following spinal surgery remains highly variable between approximately 0.5% and 18%. In this study, we aimed to estimate the SSI rate and identify possible risk factors for SSI after spinal surgery in our Saudi patient population.We conducted a single-center, retrospective case–control study in Saudi Arabia that included patients who developed SSIs, while the controls were all consecutive patients who underwent spinal surgery between January 2014 and December 2016. We extracted data on patient characteristics, anthropometric measurements, preoperative laboratory investigations, preoperative infection prevention measures, intraoperative measures, comorbidities, and postoperative care.We included 201 consecutive patients in our study; their median age was 56.9 years, and 51.2% were men. Only 4% (n = 8) of these patients developed SSIs postoperatively. Postoperative SSIs were significantly associated with longer postoperative hospital stays, hypertension, higher American Society of Anesthesia (ASA) scores, longer procedure durations, and the use of a greater number of blood transfusion units.This study revealed a low SSI rate following spinal surgery. We identified a history of hypertension, prolonged hospitalization, longer operative time, blood transfusion, and higher ASA score as risk factors for SSI in spine surgery in our population. As our findings are from a single institute, we believe that a national research collaboration among multiple disciplines should be performed to provide better estimates of SSI risk factors in our patient population. 相似文献
296.
Nekma Meah Dmitri Wall Katherine York Bevin Bhoyrul Laita Bokhari Daniel Asz-Sigall Wilma F. Bergfeld Regina C. Betz Ulrike Blume-Peytavi Valerie Callender Vijaya Chitreddy Andrea Combalia George Cotsarelis Brittany Craiglow Jeff Donovan Samantha Eisman Paul Farrant Jack Green Rodney D. Sinclair 《Journal of the American Academy of Dermatology》2021,84(6):1594-1601
297.
F. Bokhari E. Derbyshire W. Li C. S. Brennan V. Stojceska 《Journal of human nutrition and dietetics》2012,25(1):95-100
Background: Iron‐deficiency anaemia is particularly prevalent in pregnancy. The present study aimed to determine whether functional bread containing teff flour (i.e. naturally rich in iron) could be an alternative way of improving iron status. However, before testing whether its consumption can improve pregnancy iron status, the bio‐availability of iron was determined in a sample of nonpregnant women. Methods: Fifty‐eight women (20–50 years) were recruited from the University. Blood samples were taken at baseline to assess iron status and participants were screened to account for other factors affecting iron status. Twenty‐four participants (haemoglobin 9.5–14.0 g dL?1) were recruited to take part in the intervention and allocated to five groups: (i) control bread (CB); (ii) teff bread (TB); (iii) TB + level 1 phytase (TB + P1); (iv) TB + level 2 phytase (TB + P2); or (v) a supplement containing 10 mg of ferrous sulphate. Venous blood samples were taken before the intervention and after 180–210 min, aiming to determine changes in serum iron. Results: Consuming three or four slices of TB provided statistically significantly more iron (7.6 mg) than CB (5.1 mg) (P < 0.001). Because participants were fasted, serum iron levels declined in all bread groups (average ?1.5 μm ), although the smallest reduction was observed in the TB + P2 group (?0.3 μm ). The area‐under‐the‐curve from baseline to 210 min was lower in the TB + P2 (?78.8 μmol min L?1) group compared to the other bread interventions, indicating higher levels of iron absorption in this group. Conclusions: The results obtained in the present study show that TB consumption may help to maintain serum iron levels, especially when phytase is added. The findings from the study also demonstrate there may be potential to further improve the bio‐availability of iron from non‐haem food sources. 相似文献
298.
Association of Anti–Citrullinated Peptide Antibodies With Coronary Artery Calcification in Rheumatoid Arthritis 下载免费PDF全文
299.
Muhammad Ali Shah Ankur Mutreja Nicholas Thomson Stephen Baker Julian Parkhill Gordon Dougan Habib Bokhari Brendan W. Wren 《Emerging infectious diseases》2014,20(1):13-20
In August 2010, Pakistan experienced major floods and a subsequent cholera epidemic. To clarify the population dynamics and transmission of Vibrio cholerae in Pakistan, we sequenced the genomes of all V. cholerae O1 El Tor isolates and compared the sequences to a global collection of 146 V. cholerae strains. Within the global phylogeny, all isolates from Pakistan formed 2 new subclades (PSC-1 and PSC-2), lying in the third transmission wave of the seventh-pandemic lineage that could be distinguished by signature deletions and their antimicrobial susceptibilities. Geographically, PSC-1 isolates originated from the coast, whereas PSC-2 isolates originated from inland areas flooded by the Indus River. Single-nucleotide polymorphism accumulation analysis correlated river flow direction with the spread of PSC-2. We found at least 2 sources of cholera in Pakistan during the 2010 epidemic and illustrate the value of a global genomic data bank in contextualizing cholera outbreaks. 相似文献
300.
Malak B. Bokhari Chirag B. Patel Diego I. Ramos-Valadez Madhu Ragupathi Eric M. Haas 《Surgical endoscopy》2011,25(3):855-860