Anthropometric study of the upper lip and the nose of infants less than a year of age

We divided healthy newborns (aged between 2 weeks and 6 months) into four groups, less than 2 weeks old, 60 +/- 7 days, 120 +/- 7 days, and 180 +/- 7 days, between June 2001 and February 2002, and each group had 40 infants. The lineal distances included 13 items related to the nose, mouth, and lips.The average width of the columella at the midpoint was 3.2, 3.5, 3.7, and 3.8 mm for the 2-week-old group, the 2-month-old group, the 4-month-old group, and the 6-month-old group, respectively. The average height of the columella was 4.7, 4.9, 5.2, and 5.3 mm. The average length between the medial alar bases was 13.7, 14.4, 17.4, and 17.6 mm. The average length from the base to the tip of Cupid's bow was 9.5, 10.0, 10.5, and 10.6 mm. The average length from the columella lateral base to the tip of Cupid's bow was 8.4, 9.9, 10.2, and 10.5 mm. The average length from the columella central base to the center of Cupid's bow was 8.3, 9.5, 9.8, and 9.9 mm. The average width of one limb of Cupid's bow was 2.7, 3.1, 3.4, and 3.5 mm. The average length from the tip of Cupid's bow to the commissure was 13.4, 14.7, 16.4, and 16.9 mm. The average intercommissural distance was 26.8, 30.3, 30.8, and 32.7 mm. The average width of the philtral column at the columella base was 3.1, 3.6, 3.7, and 4.0 mm. The average width of the philtral columns at the mid-portion was 3.7, 4.6, 4.6, and 4.6 mm. The average height of the nasal tip protrusion was 8.7, 11.0, 11.7, and 12.1 mm. The average width of the nose was 20.7, 23.7, 25.3, and 25.9 mm. In conclusion, these data are expected to be useful for patients with a bilateral cleft lip.     

半坡博物馆馆藏六千年前人牙槽骨水平状况分析

目的:调查距今六千年前新石器时期古人牙齿的牙槽骨水平状况,以探求牙周病的罹患及发展趋势。方法:观察记录并统计了西安半坡博物馆馆藏76例古人牙槽骨水平情况,用SPSS 12.0软件对全部的884个牙齿进行了统计学分析。结果:①有64个个体的500个牙齿患有牙周病,占观察牙齿总数的57.08%,该人群牙周病的平均患病率为86.49%。②36~55岁年龄组牙周病患病率(96.55%)>24~35岁年龄组(86.67%)>23岁以下年龄组(61.54%)。③牙周病的罹患累及各个牙位,第一磨牙的牙周病患病率最高,切牙及第三磨牙的患病率低,其大小顺序为:M1>M2>P1>P2>C>I2>I1>M3。④性别在牙周病患病率方面无显著性差异(P>0.05)。结论:本研究旨在了解六千年前古人牙槽骨水平的一般状况,有助于人们推断牙周疾病在人类进化过程中的变化规律,并为认识当时人类社会生产与生活情况提供间接的证明。     

A comparison of bond strengths measured using cantilever bending and micro-tensile methods

Objectives

The purpose of this study was to evaluate the cantilever-bending test as a bond-strength measurement method for enamel/composite adhesion.

Materials and methods

The buccal surface of bovine incisors were flattened and subsequently placed with composite Z250 (3M ESPE) incrementally after either self-etching adhesive (SE) or etch-and-rinse adhesive (SB) was applied. Then, they were cut with a low-speed cutter to obtain stick-shape samples. The samples were divided into four groups (n = 30 each) according to the adhesive and test method: SET, SE-B, SB-T and SB-B, where T denotes the microtensile test and B denotes the cantilever-bending test. The failure mode of each sample was examined under the microscope. Those samples with the fracture surface lying entirely or partially in the adhesive layer were considered to have provided successful measurements. The results from the two test methods were compared.

Results and discussion

The cantilever-bending method produced a comparable success rate of bond strength measurement to that of the microtensile method. The bond strengths of SE and SB from the cantilever-bending test were 58% and 40% higher, respectively, than those measured with the microtensile method. The adhesive SE exhibited almost the same bond strength as SB, irrespective of the test method.

Conclusions

Cantilever bending can be used as an alternative method for bond strength measurement. The ratio of bending to tensile strength is around 1.5.     

后牙锁13例临床矫治观察

目的观察后牙锁的临床矫治效果。方法对13例后牙锁患者的矫治方法与疗效进行回顾性分析。结果13例病例解除锁治疗时间平均为4.2个月,治疗后均可建立广泛的咬合接触关系。结论所采用的4种矫治后牙锁的方法可以很好的控制后牙的垂直向高度,有效解除锁。     

双膦酸盐对大鼠腭中缝快速扩弓后骨缝重建的影响

目的研究双膦酸盐对大鼠腭中缝快速扩开后骨缝重建的影响。方法将7周龄雄性wisrar大鼠42只随机分成3组，每组14只，所有大鼠均进行快速上颌扩大1周，再保持4周时，对照组不给药，实验一组双膦酸盐灌胃2周，实验二组双膦酸盐灌胃4周，保持结束后拆除所有大鼠的保持器，并且处死各组的一半大鼠，其余的大鼠复发4周，结束时再全部处死。测量每个实验步骤结束时腭中缝的宽度。所有大鼠取材后制做脱钙骨切片，光镜下观察计算各组大鼠扩弓后的复发率及破骨细胞数量。结果对照组腭中缝处破骨细胞数量及扩弓后腭中缝复发率明显高于实验一组和实验二组。结论大鼠上颌快速扩大后机械保持配合使用双膦酸盐能减少腭中缝处破骨细胞的数量，抑制新生骨质吸收，减少扩弓后的复发率。     

2005年北京市老年人全口义齿修复状况抽样调查报告

目的：研究牙列缺失患者对义齿的使用和认知情况。方法：采用多阶段分层等容量抽样的方法，对北京市范围内牙列缺失情况进行流行病学抽样调查。结果：牙列缺失患者对义齿功能的认知存在很大的偏差；农村患者和城区患者的义齿需要修理或重新修复的百分比分别为54．32％、21．92％。结论：在今后，应提高口腔治疗及修复水平，特别应重视农村口腔医疗水平的提高；而且口腔医生要进一步做好口腔卫生宣教来提高市民的口腔保健意识。     

3种检查方法对早期邻面龋诊断水平的评价

目的 :体外评价比较平行投照的牙合翼片 (BWR)、激光荧光法 (LF)和模拟临床检查 (CE)等 3种诊断方法对早期邻面龋的诊断水平。方法 :分别对模拟临床排列的 81颗离体牙的 162个早期龋损和正常邻面进行BWR、LF、CE检查 ,以组织学结果为金标准 ,评价准确性、敏感性、特异性 ,以及与组织学深度的相关性和一致性水平等指标。结果 :BWR的准确性、敏感性、一致性水平明显优于CE和LF ,但敏感度仍属中等 ,观察者自身一致性不理想。结论 :平行投照的BWR是目前较好的临床诊断方法 ,对于早期邻面龋有一定的诊断能力 ,但诊断水平尚有待提高。LF法诊断效果总体上不如BWR法 ,主要与其对于邻面的可操作性差有关。     

A clinical investigation of the tooth whitening efficacy of a new hydrogen peroxide-containing dentifrice

OBJECTIVE: The objective of this four-week, double-blind clinical study was to assess the tooth whitening efficacy of a new dentifrice delivering 1.0% hydrogen peroxide, 0.243% sodium fluoride, and sodium tripolyphosphate in a high-cleaning silica base (Test Dentifrice), relative to that of a control dentifrice containing 0.243% sodium fluoride in a silica base (Control Dentifrice). METHODOLOGY: Following a baseline oral soft tissue examination and tooth shade assessment using the Vita Shade Guide, qualifying adult male and female subjects from the New Delhi, India area were randomized into either the Test or Control Dentifrice group. The two groups were balanced for baseline mean Vita Shade Guide rank scores. All subjects were provided with their assigned dentifrice and a soft-bristled adult toothbrush for home use. Subjects were instructed to brush their teeth for two minutes twice daily (morning and evening), using only the dentifrice provided, and to refrain from using any other oral hygiene products for the entire four weeks of the study. There were no restrictions regarding diet or smoking habits during the course of the study. Oral soft tissue and tooth shade evaluations for each subject were repeated after two and four weeks of product use. RESULTS: Forty-four (44) subjects complied with the protocol and completed the entire study. At the two- and four-week examinations, the Test Dentifrice group had statistically significant mean shade rank score reductions of 4.04 and 5.17, respectively, compared to baseline (p < 0.05), while the Control Dentifrice had respective reductions of 0.41 and 0.53, which were also statistically significant. The mean shade rank reductions in the Test group compared to those in the Control group at two and four weeks were 3.63 and 4.64, respectively, and were statistically significant (p < 0.05). CONCLUSION: A new whitening dentifrice delivering 1.0% hydrogen peroxide, 0.243% sodium fluoride and sodium tripolyphosphate has significant tooth whitening effectiveness, producing a mean shade rank score reduction from baseline of 5.17 after four weeks' use.     

母体牙周病与新生儿低体质量关系的初步探讨

目的 :探讨母体牙周病与新生儿体质量 (体重 )不足是否有相关性。方法 :调查 2 0 7名产后 4d母亲。新生儿体质量不足 :体质量 <2 50 0 g或者伴有孕期 <37周、胎膜早破等妊娠不良情况 (n =1 0 6)。对照组 :新生儿体质量≥ 2 50 0 g ,正常分娩 (n =1 0 1 )。每位受试者均接受牙周检查并记录临床有关数据。 结果 :LWN组牙周病明显重于对照组 ,经统计学处理P <0 .0 0 1。 2 0 7名母亲牙周袋深度和牙龈指数与新生儿体质量呈负相关 (rGI=- 0 .37,P <0 .0 1 ;rPD=- 0 .1 9,P <0 .0 1 )。结论 :母体牙周病作为新生儿低体质量的危险因素之一尚需进一步研究 ,本调查结果显示母体的牙周病与新生儿低体质量呈低度相关