2013-2017年河南省H3N2亚型流感病毒流行特征分析

目的 分析河南省2013-2017年H3N2亚型流感病毒流行特征,为流感防控策略的制定提供依据。方法 采集河南省22家流感监测哨点医院的流感样病例(Influenza like illness,ILI)咽拭子标本,进行荧光定量PCR检测和病毒分离,对H3N2亚型流感病毒检测阳性标本进行统计分析。结果 河南省2013-2017年共检测62 307例ILI病例标本,其中H3N2亚型流感病毒核酸检测阳性4 791例,四个监测年度H3N2亚型阳性占流感总阳性的率分别为14.9%、95.68%、12.36%、76.57%,男女发病率差异无统计学意义;有三个监测年度不同年龄组的H3N2感染率差异有统计学意义;H3N2亚型流感病毒感染人群职业分布以散居儿童(24.73%-35.41%)、托幼儿童(21.94%-30.17%)、学生(16.77%-27.66%)检出人数最多;各个监测年度各市核酸阳性率和病毒分离率不同;H3N2病毒分离株以低血凝滴度(1〖DK〗∶16)二代细胞分离毒株为主(62.33%)。结论 2河南省H3N2亚型流感病毒呈年度周期性流行,是近些年流感流行的的主要型别,儿童和学生是H3N2亚型流感防控的重点人群,且该病毒在细胞中不易培养,呈低滴度高代数特点,应加强病毒分离工作。     

河南省三家大型烟厂防尘效果评价

对三家大型烟厂进行了劳动卫生学调查,并对接尘工人进行了体检。结果新建生产线大大提高了机械化和密闭化程度,联用旋风和静电除尘使车间空气中粉尘浓度全部达到国家卫生标准。工人所患呼吸系统疾病与症状低于技改前（Ｐ〈０．０１）,表明防尘效果明显。     

内镜下鼻内翻性乳头状瘤切除的手术进路选择与疗效

目的探讨鼻内镜下切除鼻内翻性乳头状瘤手术进路的选择及其与疗效的关系。方法回顾性分析1999.1～2005.12经鼻内镜手术治疗鼻内翻性乳头状瘤21例的临床资料。根据KROUSE分类法分为4级:Ⅰ级2例,Ⅱ级7例,Ⅲ级11例;Ⅳ级1例。采用鼻内镜鼻内手术16例,鼻内镜联合鼻外进路10例(其中包括复发再手术5例)。结果术后随访6～69个月,有5例复发(23.8%),再次手术采用鼻内镜联合进路切除,均随访24个月未再复发。结论鼻内镜手术是治疗鼻内翻性乳头状瘤的安全有效方法,但需按分期选择术式。对于肿瘤涉及上颌窦、额窦等病变广泛的Ⅲ～Ⅳ级患者,采用联合进路可以避免手术盲区,减少肿瘤残留,降低复发率。     

胰腺癌组织中乙酰肝素酶蛋白的表达

目的:研究胰腺癌组织中乙酰肝素酶(heparanase,HPA)蛋白的表达及其临床意义.方法:应用免疫组织化学SP法检测27例胰腺癌组织(Ⅰ期4例,Ⅱ期8例,Ⅲ期11例,Ⅳ期4例;有淋巴结转移者18例,无淋巴结转移9例)、11例癌旁组织中HPA蛋白的表达情况,并对其表达与临床病理特征进行分析.结果:胰腺癌组织中HPA蛋白阳性表达率为70.1%(19/27),高于癌旁组织(9.1%,1/11)(P＜0.05).淋巴结转移组HPA蛋白阳性表达率(83.3%,15/18)高于无淋巴转移组(55.6%,5/9)(P＜0.05).Ⅰ Ⅱ期组HPA蛋白阳性表达率(66.7%,8/12)低于Ⅲ Ⅳ组(80.0%,12/15)(P＜0.05).结论:HPA的异常表达与胰腺癌的发生、发展密切相关,可能是影响胰腺癌预后的重要分子指标.     

CK20m RNA在大肠癌病人外周血中的表达及其临床意义

目的：以CK20mRNA作为靶产物,检测大肠癌病人外周血中的癌细胞即微转移。并探讨其存在的临床意义。方法：应用逆转录聚合酶链反应（RT-PCR）。检测20例健康志愿者和47例大肠癌患者外周血中CK20mRNA的表达。同时检测20例大肠癌新鲜组织标本中CK20mRNA的表达。结果：20例大肠癌组织标本均扩增出370bp的条带。结肠腺癌HT-29细胞系作为阳性对照亦扩增出370bp的条带,20例正常人外周血中CK20mRNA表达均阴性。全组47例大肠癌病人,19例外周血中表达CK20mRNA,总阳性率为40.4%(19/47),CK20mRNA的表达与肿瘤Dukes分期,最大直径,肝转移有关,结论：CK20mRNA可作为检测大肠癌病人外周血中微转移的良好指标;外周血中CK20mRNA的检测有助于识别出具有复发或远处转移倾向的高危大肠癌病人。     

家兔脊髓缺血再灌注损伤后内皮细胞功能和血小板活化状态的动态研究

目的 探讨内皮细胞功能和血小板活化状态在脊髓缺血再灌注损伤(SCI/RI)中的意义.方法 采用Zivin法建立家兔SCI/RI模型,动态观察SCI/RI前后血浆一氧化氮(NO)和血小板a颗粒膜蛋白140(GMP140)的变化.结果 NO在I/R组缺血末期显著上升(P<0.01),I/R 2h达到峰值,与sham组比较有显著意义(P<0.01);I/R6h下降但仍有显著差异(P<0.05);GMP-140在sham组无显著变化,在I/R组缺血末期显著升高(P<0.01),I/R2h后逐渐下降到正常水平.结论 血浆NO和GMP140在SCI/RI后显著升高,表明内皮细胞受刺激/损伤和血小板过度活化参与了脊髓I/R损伤与修复病理过程.

Abstract：

Objective To study the changes of vascular endothelial cell function and platelet activation in rabbit spinal cord following ischemia-reperfusion (I/R) injury and their roles in the spinal cord injury. Methods Rabbit spinal cord I/R injury models were established using Zivin method, and the changes in plasma NO and GMP140 levels were dynamically monitored after the injury. Results Plasma NO level increased significantly in the I/R group at the end of the ischemia, and reached the peak level at 2 h of reperfusion as compared to that in sham-operated group (P<0.01). Plasma NO level decreased at 6 h of reperfusion, but still significantly higher than the level in the sham-operated group (P<0.05). Plasma GMP140 underwent no significant changes in the sham-operated group, but significantly increased in the I/R group at the end of the ischemia,followed by gradual declination to the normal level at 2 h of reperfusion. Conclusion Spinal cord I/R injury causes overexpressions of NO and GMP140, suggesting the involvement of endothelial cell injury and platelet overactivation in the pathological process and repair of spinal cord I/R injury.     

颌骨畸形行正颌-正畸联合治疗的硬组织变化疗效评价

目的　通过正颌外科计算机辅助设计系统(CASSOS)对严重颌骨畸形的正颌-正畸联合治疗的硬组织变化进行评价。方法　术后3个月的头颅侧位定位片的头影测量值和术前正畸后头颅侧位定位片模拟手术后所得预测值进行18项硬组织测量指标的统计分析。结果　术后测量值和术前预测值无显著性差异,但两者存在绝对值差异。分析引起差异的因素:术前头影测量和模型外科的差异;术中多因素影响达不到模型外科要求而导致差异;术后骨块细微回复而导致差异。结论　术前精确的头影测量和模型外科,术中严格按照模型外科的数据准确操作,术后骨块稳定的固定,术前术后辅以适当的正畸治疗是取得完善疗效的关键     

乳腺癌组织中Ang-2和受体Tie2的表达及与血管生成的关系

目的：探讨Ang-2和Tie2的表达与乳腺癌浸润和转移的关系。方法：选用42例乳腺癌标本、16例乳腺纤维腺瘤及13例正常乳腺组织,以SP法进行Ang-2、Tie2及CD34标记的微血管密度（MVD）的检测,并分析其与临床病理特征的关系。结果：在乳腺癌组织中,Ang-2、Tie2阳性表达率分别为95．2％和92．9％;明显高于正常乳腺组织（15．4％、12．5％）和乳腺纤维腺瘤组织（15．4％,15．4％）,P=0．001。CD34标记的MVD与Ang-2、Tie2密切相关。结论：人乳腺癌中血管生成增加,Ang-2和Tie2在乳腺癌血管生成和进展中可能起重要作用。     

慢性氟中毒对大鼠内耳毛细胞影响的实验观察

目的探讨慢性氟中毒对大鼠耳蜗毛细胞形态学的改变及其机制。方法借助扫描电镜技术,对60只大鼠进行了实验观察。结果对照组耳蜗内、外毛细胞排列十分规则;低氟组内、外毛细胞都有不同程度的损害,表现为静纤毛粘连、倒伏;高氟组内、外毛细胞的损害严重,出现明显的粘连、倒伏、融合,并可见散在的节段性缺失,以底圈明显。表皮板结构发生不同程度的病变,严重者表皮板穿孔,细胞内容物流出,形成气球样改变。结论慢性氟中毒可对耳蜗毛细胞造成损害,粘连、倒伏、融合及节段性缺失是其主要病理改变,损害与染氟程度呈正相关。     

上海地区人群甲型H1N1流感抗体水平监测分析

Objective To understand levels of antibody to swine-origin influenza A(H1 N1) virus (A/ H1N1) among different age groups in Shanghai, and to compare the levels between antibodies to A/H1N1 and to 2008-2009 seasonal influenza vaccine virus A/Brisbane/59/2007(H1N1). Methods The anti-A/HlN1 antibody levels were determined among 5 age groups (0-5 months, 6 months-4 years, 5-24 years, 25-59 years, and ≥60 years) with routine micro-hemagglutination inhibition test. The positive rates of the antibodies among different age groups were compared by Pearson's X2 test and Fisher' s exact probability test. Results The positive rate of antibody to A/H1N1 in the whole population in Shanghai was 9.2% (37/404). The highest rate was 25.0% (21/84) in the age group of ≥60 years, the next was 10. 0% (8/80) in the age group of 25-59 years, the positive rates in other groups were lower. The result of Pearson's X2 test showed that there were statistically significant differences in the positive rates of the antibodies among different age groups. Of 329 sera positive for antibody to 2008 -2009 seasonal influenza vaccine virus A/Brisbane/59/ 2007 (H1N1), 31 had anti-A/HlNl antibodies, and of 75 sera negative for antibody to A/Brisbane/59/ 2007(H1N1), 6 had anti-A/HlNl antibodies. The result of Pearson's X2 test showed that there were no significant differences in positive rates of antibody to A/H1N1 between the two types of population. Conclusions The anti-A/HlNl levels in Shanghai population are low, and people are generally susceptible to A/H1N1. The sera positive for antibody to A/Brisbane/59/2007(H1N1) can not provide cross-protection against A/H1N1.