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51.
Komiyama O Obara R Iida T Wang K Svensson P Arendt-Nielsen L De Laat A Kawara M 《Archives of oral biology》2012,57(7):995-1002
ObjectiveThe present study explored the effect of age and gender on trigeminal sensory function and masseteric exteroceptive suppression (ES) reflex responses.MethodsYoung healthy men (n = 12) and women (n = 12) (age: 23.5 ± 3.0 years) and older healthy men (n = 12) and women (n = 12) (age: 58.5 ± 5.2 years) participated. Sensory function was assessed on the skin overlying the mental foramen using mechanical stimuli. Surface EMG was recorded from the left masseter muscle to assess ES reflex responses evoked by a magnetic stimulus applied to the skin above the left mental nerve.ResultsThe older group had significantly higher tactile detection thresholds. Early ES1 was present in all subjects. Onset latency of ES1 was significantly delayed in older subjects. ES2 was present in all young subjects, but only in 5 of the 12 men and 8 of the 12 women in the older group. Significant gender differences were found for sensory and pain thresholds to mechanical stimuli as well as for duration of ES.ConclusionsAgeing affects tactile detection thresholds, onset latency of ES1 responses, and appearance of ES2. The present results indicate that trigeminal sensory function and brainstem reflex responses differ between genders and age groups. These findings may have implications for assessment of craniofacial pain conditions. 相似文献
52.
Aya Takakura Ryoko Takao-Kawabata Yukihiro Isogai Makoto Kajiwara Hisashi Murayama Sadakazu Ejiri Toshinori Ishizuya 《Journal of bone and mineral metabolism》2016,34(3):291-302
Bone histomorphometry is usually performed on the iliac bone in humans and the tibia or vertebrae in rats. Bone metabolism differences among skeletal sites may be problematic when translating experimental results from rats to humans, but data on such differences in rats are lacking. Therefore, we examined the differences in bone structure and metabolism among skeletal sites using the lumbar vertebra (LV), tibia, and iliac bone obtained from ovariectomized or sham-operated rats preoperatively and at various times from 3 days to 26 weeks postoperatively. The trabeculae were thicker in the LV, where bone metabolism was less active than at other sites, and numerous fine trabeculae were observed in the tibia, where bone metabolism was more active. The iliac bone structure and metabolism were intermediate between those of the tibia and LV. Ovariectomy induced lower bone volume and higher bone metabolism in all skeletal sites, but the changes were greatest and occurred earliest in the tibia, followed by the iliac bone and then LV. Ovariectomy caused changes in bone metabolic markers, which occurred earlier than those in bone tissue. Activation frequency (Ac.f) increased after ovariectomy. At week 26 in ovariectomized rats, Ac.f was highest in the tibia (3.13 N/year) but similar between iliac bone (0.87 N/year) and LV (1.39 N/year). Ac.f is reportedly 0.3–0.4 N/year in the iliac bone of postmenopausal women, suggesting that bone turnover in rats is several times higher than in humans. The reference values reported here are useful for translating experimental results from rats to humans. 相似文献
53.
54.
Asuka?Yasueda Tsunekazu?Mizushima Riichiro?Nezu Ryoko?Sumi Mamoru?Tanaka Junichi?Nishimura Yasuyuki?Kai Masaki?Hirota Hideki?Osawa Kiyokazu?Nakajima Masaki?Mori Toshinori?ItoEmail author 《Surgery today》2016,46(8):939-949
Purpose
Ulcerative colitis (UC) is a chronic, relapsing, and refractory disorder of the intestine. Total proctocolectomy with ileal pouch anal anastomosis (IPAA) is the preferred and standard surgical procedure for patients’ refractory to medical therapy. Pouchitis is one of the most common long-term complications after IPAA. In the present study, the safety and efficacy of Clostridium butyricum MIYAIRI (CBM) as a probiotic were examined.Methods
A randomized and placebo-controlled study was performed. Seventeen patients were recruited from 2007 to 2013. Nine tablets of MIYA-BM® or placebo were orally administered once daily. The cumulative pouchitis-free survival, pouch condition (using the modified pouch disease activity index), and blood parameters were evaluated. A fecal sample analysis was also performed.Results
Subjects were randomly allocated to receive MIYA-BM or placebo (9 and 8 subjects, respectively). One subject in the MIYA-BM group and four subjects in the placebo group developed pouchitis. No side effects occurred in either group. Characteristic intestinal flora was observed in each group.Conclusions
Our results suggest that probiotic therapy with CBM achieved favorable results with minimal side effects and might be a useful complementary therapy for the prevention of pouchitis in patients with UC who have undergone IPAA.55.
Erythrophagocytosis by liver macrophages (Kupffer cells) promotes oxidative stress, inflammation, and fibrosis in a rabbit model of steatohepatitis: implications for the pathogenesis of human nonalcoholic steatohepatitis 总被引:6,自引:0,他引:6
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Otogawa K Kinoshita K Fujii H Sakabe M Shiga R Nakatani K Ikeda K Nakajima Y Ikura Y Ueda M Arakawa T Hato F Kawada N 《The American journal of pathology》2007,170(3):967-980
Nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) is a progressive fibrotic disease, the pathogenesis of which has not been fully elucidated. Here, we report a molecular aspect of this disease elucidated using rabbits fed a cholesterol-rich high-fat diet and exhibiting insulin resistance. The liver in this model showed steatohepatitis with fibrosis and high mRNA expression for some cytokines, heme oxygenase-1, transforming growth factor-beta1, and collagen alpha1(I). Erythrocytes isolated from the model showed marked fragility and the externalization of phosphatidylserine (PS) on the outer leaflet of the membrane and were frequently engulfed by Kupffer cells/macrophages in the hepatic sinusoids. Expression of milk fat globule-epidermal growth factor (EGF)-factor 8, a PS-binding protein, was augmented in the liver. In culture, RAW 264.7 cells engulfed erythrocytes oxidized by tert-butyl hydroperoxide, a process that was inhibited by anti-milk fat globule-EGF-factor 8 antibody. In addition, PS-positive erythrocytes appeared entrapped in the model liver in ex vivo perfusion experiments. Finally, in specimens from NASH patients, the aggregation of erythrocytes in inflammatory hepatic sinusoids was notable. These results indicate that the engulfment of PS-externalized, apoptotic signal-positive, erythrocytes by hepatic macrophages may lead to the deposition of iron derived from hemoglobin in the liver and be involved in the pathogenesis of steatohepatitis. 相似文献
56.
57.
Tomoyo Hara Ryoko Uemoto Akiko Sekine Yukari Mitsui Shiho Masuda Kiyoe Kurahashi Sumiko Yoshida Toshiki Otoda Tomoyuki Yuasa Akio Kuroda Yasumasa Ikeda Itsuro Endo Soichi Honda Katsuhiko Yoshimoto Akira Kondo Toshiaki Tamaki Toshio Matsumoto Munehide Matsuhisa Masahiro Abe Ken-ichi Aihara 《Journal of diabetes investigation.》2021,12(12):2172-2182
58.
Second window of ischemic preconditioning regulates mitochondrial permeability transition pore by enhancing Bcl-2 expression 总被引:13,自引:0,他引:13
Rajesh KG Sasaguri S Zhitian Z Suzuki R Asakai R Maeda H 《Cardiovascular research》2003,59(2):297-307
OBJECTIVE: The second window of protection (SWOP) following brief coronary artery occlusion begins at 24 h and may last up to 72 h and occurs via many unknown mechanisms. We investigated the role of the mitochondrial permeability transition pore (PTP), a non specific pore in the inner membrane of the mitochondria in this phenomenon. METHODS: Ischemic preconditioning (IP) was induced in Wistar rats by left coronary artery occlusion (four, 3-min episodes separated by 10 min of reperfusion) on day 1. On day 2, ischemia was induced with 30 min of ischemia and 120 min of reperfusion in IP and control rats. RESULTS: IP rats showed decreased myocardial infarction (MI) area vs. non-IP control rats (15.32 vs. 45.6%). Furthermore, IP rats had preserved cardiac function (heart rate, rate pressure product, coronary flow and aortic flow) and myocardial ATP (P<0.03), decreased tissue water content (73.2 vs. 90.6%), increased expression of Bcl-2, and less mitochondrial swelling, cytochrome C release and apoptosis (2.6 vs. 12.4%) when compared to sham-operated rats. Activation of the permeability transition pore with PTP activators lonidamine (10 mg/kg body weight) or atractyloside (5 mg/kg body weight) before the sustained ischemia on day 2 resulted in complete abolition of SWOP-mediated cytoprotective effects. These agents had no effect on the cytoprotective effects that took place during the first window of preconditioning. CONCLUSION: The cytoprotective effects of SWOP are dependent on PTP activation state and may involve upregulation of Bcl-2 expression. 相似文献
59.
Hanawa H Ma Y Mikolajczak SA Charles ML Yoshida T Yoshida R Strathdee CA Litchfield DW Ochi A 《Blood》2002,99(6):2138-2145
We have characterized a splice variant (isoform) of the human CD28 T cell costimulatory receptor. The nucleotide sequence of this CD28 isoform was identical to that of CD28 in the signal peptide, the transmembrane domain, and the cytoplasmic tail, but it was missing a large segment of the extracellular ligand-binding domain, which is encoded by the second exon. This isoform (CD28i), whose message level exceeded 25% of CD28, was a transmembrane homodimer. CD28i was found noncovalently associated with CD28 and was tyrosine-phosphorylated/PI3-kinase-complexed following the crosslinking of CD28, and the CD28 costimulatory signal was enhanced in T cells expressing CD28i. These data demonstrate that CD28i, via noncovalent association with CD28, plays a role as a costimulatory signal amplifier in human T cells. 相似文献
60.
Nobuyuki Miyatake Haruka Murakami Ryoko Kawakami Izumi Tabata Motohiko Miyachi The NEXIS Study Group 《Environmental health and preventive medicine》2014,19(5):362-366