全文获取类型
收费全文 | 9418篇 |
免费 | 578篇 |
国内免费 | 73篇 |
专业分类
耳鼻咽喉 | 103篇 |
儿科学 | 179篇 |
妇产科学 | 103篇 |
基础医学 | 1144篇 |
口腔科学 | 245篇 |
临床医学 | 701篇 |
内科学 | 2380篇 |
皮肤病学 | 254篇 |
神经病学 | 655篇 |
特种医学 | 369篇 |
外科学 | 1550篇 |
综合类 | 39篇 |
一般理论 | 1篇 |
预防医学 | 282篇 |
眼科学 | 212篇 |
药学 | 784篇 |
中国医学 | 7篇 |
肿瘤学 | 1061篇 |
出版年
2023年 | 118篇 |
2022年 | 216篇 |
2021年 | 378篇 |
2020年 | 180篇 |
2019年 | 204篇 |
2018年 | 264篇 |
2017年 | 209篇 |
2016年 | 252篇 |
2015年 | 221篇 |
2014年 | 250篇 |
2013年 | 322篇 |
2012年 | 521篇 |
2011年 | 592篇 |
2010年 | 323篇 |
2009年 | 239篇 |
2008年 | 411篇 |
2007年 | 441篇 |
2006年 | 395篇 |
2005年 | 414篇 |
2004年 | 354篇 |
2003年 | 396篇 |
2002年 | 372篇 |
2001年 | 232篇 |
2000年 | 259篇 |
1999年 | 251篇 |
1998年 | 113篇 |
1997年 | 75篇 |
1996年 | 85篇 |
1995年 | 83篇 |
1994年 | 75篇 |
1993年 | 61篇 |
1992年 | 182篇 |
1991年 | 170篇 |
1990年 | 136篇 |
1989年 | 174篇 |
1988年 | 126篇 |
1987年 | 132篇 |
1986年 | 107篇 |
1985年 | 98篇 |
1984年 | 75篇 |
1983年 | 60篇 |
1982年 | 42篇 |
1981年 | 29篇 |
1980年 | 28篇 |
1979年 | 51篇 |
1978年 | 35篇 |
1977年 | 26篇 |
1976年 | 30篇 |
1975年 | 30篇 |
1974年 | 41篇 |
排序方式: 共有10000条查询结果,搜索用时 15 毫秒
31.
Clinical evaluation of a potassium nitrate dentifrice for the treatment of dentinal hypersensitivity
Toshihiko Nagata Hiroshi Ishida Hiroyuki Shinohara Seiji Nishikawa Shinji Kasahara Yoichi Wakano Shusaku Daigen Emanuel S. Troullos 《Journal of clinical periodontology》1994,21(3):217-221
Abstract The effectiveness of a 5% potassium nitrate dentifrice as a daily home treatment for dentinal hypersensitivity was evaluated in a double-blind study in 36 Japanese subjects who complained of cold and/or tactile hypersensitivity. The subjects were divided into 2 groups, with 18 being given a 5% potassium nitrate dentifrice (treated group) and the other 18 a vehicle paste (control group). Both groups were instructed to brush their teeth 2 × a day. The hypersensitivity levels of the affected teeth were assessed by 2 stimuli, one tactile and the other cold air, and by the perception of pain. The results of all 3 assessment methods indicated that the potassium nitrate dentifrice significantly decreased the level of hypersensitivity at weeks 4, 8, and 12. In the treated group, a rapid decrease of positive scores for both the cold air stimulus and the subjective symptoms appeared from week 2. Although a significant decrease of the assessment score was also observed in the control group, the reduction rate of the score was much greater in the treated group by ail 3 assessment methods at weeks 4, 8, and 12. Complete relief of subjective symptoms throughout the 12 weeks’examination was noted in 67% of the subjects in the treated group, but in only 6% in the control group. These results suggest the usefulness of a 5% potassium nitrate dentifrice in Japanese patients with dentinal hypersensitivity. 相似文献
32.
Japan Pancreatoduodenectomy Study Group Ryo Hosotani Masafumi Kogire Tadahiro Takada Hiroyuki Kato Takahiko Funabiki Masumasa Horisawa Takeshi Morimoto Takukazu Nagakawa Toshimichi Nakayama Itsuo Miyazaki Masayuki Imamura 《Journal of Hepato-Biliary-Pancreatic Surgery》1997,4(3):295-303
Endocrine tumor of the pancreas is potentially malignant. A multicenter analysis of these tumors was conducted to clarity
the present status of their surgical management and the subsequent long-term surgical results. The Japan pancreatoduodenectomy
(JPD) study group carried out the study; 368 patients were enrolled and variables related to tumor characteristics, surgery,
and survival were retrospectively analyzed. There were 222 patients with functioning tumor and 143 patients with nonfunctioning
tumor. Malignant tumor was found in 140 of 368 (38%) of the patients, and 63/140 (45%) of these patients had metastatic lesion;
the most common site of the metastasis was liver 34/136 (25%), followed by regional lymph nodes 26/136 (19%). Pancreatic resection
was performed in 91% of patients with nonfunctional tumor and in 83% of those with malignant tumor, and 73% of the pancreatic
resections were done with lymph node dissection. The overall 5-year actuarial survival rate was 76% in patients with malignant
tumor. The actuarial 5-year survival rate was 93% in the patients without metastasis and 83% in patients who received curative
resection. Multivariate analysis showed that the presence or absence of synchronous metastasis was the sole significant prognostic
factor. The results suggest that: (i) malignant endocrine tumor of the pancreas is a curable malignancy when pancreatic resection
with lymph node dissection is adopted and (ii) that synchronous metastasis is the dominant prognostic factor.
This study was carried out as a group project. The authors' institutions are as follows 相似文献
33.
Shinhiro Takeda Kazuhiro Nakanishi Teruo Takano Gen Ishikawa Ryo Ogawa 《Journal of anesthesia》1997,11(2):83-87
Effective gas exchange can be maintained in animals without endotracheal intubation using external high-frequency oscillation
(EHFO). The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of EHFO in patients with respiratory failure due to severe cardiogenic
pulmonary edema. Seven patients were ventilated with EHFO for 2h at 60 oscillations·min−1, with a cuiras pressure of 36 cmH2O (−26 to +10) and an inspiratory to expiratory ratio of 1:1, with EHFO. Blood gas values and hemodynamic parameters were
measured. Significant increases were noted in cardiac index (2.3±0.5 to 2.5±0.5 l·m−2;P<0.05), stroke volume index (24±7 to 28±8 ml·m−2;P<0.05), and arterial O2 pressure (Pao2) (70±4 to 95±23 mmHg;P<0.01) without a change in pulmonary artery wedge pressure at 1 h after EHFO. The respiratory rate decreased from 28±3 to
22 ±3 breaths·min−1 at 5 min after the termination of EHFO (P <0.01). Arterial CO2 pressure (Paco2) did not, however, decrease. Increased stroke volume without a change in pulmonary artery wedge pressure (preload) suggests
either improved inotropic function of the left ventricle or reduced left ventricular afterload with EHFO. The use of EHFO
may be effective not only for gas exchange but also for left ventricular function in patients with severe cardiogenic pulmonary
edema. 相似文献
34.
S Maeshima H Nakamura M Nishikawa T Murakami T Mitani T Marukawa S Hori T Kozuka M Irimoto 《Clinical imaging》1992,16(2):121-124
Tumors in the area of the adrenal were detected by chance in two patients who underwent a regular physical check-up. On arteriography the tumors were found to be fed by the adrenal artery. The diagnosis was retroperitoneal schwannoma, but in both patients it was difficult to differentiate the schwannoma from an adrenal tumor preoperatively. 相似文献
35.
PAF (1 ug/kg) injected intravenously (i.v.) into anesthetized rabbits resulted in marked loss of circulating platelets and leukocytes. Administration of FR-900452 1-methyl-3-(1-(5-methylthiomethyl-6-oxo-3-(2-oxo-3-cyclopenten-1-y lidene)- 2-piperazinyl) ethyl)-2-indolinone, a specific PAF inhibitor, at a dose of 10 mg/kg i.v. with 10 min prior to the PAF injection significantly prevented both changes. On the other hand, PAF has been considered as a mediator of endotoxin shock. Therefore, in order to determine whether endogenous PAF contributes to the occurrence of thrombocytopenia or leukopenia in endotoxin shock, we assessed the effect of FR-900452 on the thrombocytopenia and the leukopenia following bolus i.v. injection of E.coli endotoxin (0.03 mg/kg) in rabbits. As a result, pretreatment with the compound (10 mg/kg, i.v.) significantly reduced the thrombocytopenia at 60 and 180 min after the endotoxin injection. In contrast, FR-900452 did not reduced the leukopenia at any time of after endotoxin. These results indicate that PAF might be involved in the occurrence of thrombocytopenia in rabbit endotoxemia and the contribution of PAF to the leukopenia is much less extent than that to the thrombocytopenia. 相似文献
36.
A Chalvardjian W G De Marchi V Bell R Nishikawa 《Canadian Medical Association journal》1991,144(3):313-317
OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the effectiveness of the Ayre wooden spatula, the cotton-tipped swab and the Zelsmyr Cytobrush in obtaining endocervical cells. DESIGN: Cross-sectional comparison study. SETTING: Family practice unit. PATIENTS: All postpubertal, nonpregnant women who underwent a routine Papanicolaou smear during a 7-month period. INTERVENTIONS: The three devices were used in each patient in a randomized sequence. An experienced cytotechnologist blinded to the device used evaluated the slides for overall epithelial cellularity (graded from 0 [acellular specimen] to 12 [overloaded sample]), density (the number of groups of five or more endocervical cells) and size of cell clusters (5 to 10 cells per cluster [score of 1], 11 to 100 [2] or more than 100 [3]). MAIN RESULTS: Samples from 2 of the 136 women were rejected because of improper labelling of the slides or failure to use all three devices. Seventy-six (57%) of the smears obtained with the spatula and 71 (53%) with the swab had no endocervical cells, as compared with only 14 (10%) obtained with the Cytobrush (p = 0.001). The overall cellularity (and standard deviation [SD]) of the smears obtained with the Cytobrush (5.69 [SD 1.17], p = 0.001) and the spatula (5.70 [SD 1.46], p = 0.001) was significantly greater than the cellularity of those obtained with the swab (4.31 [SD 1.17]). The Cytobrush yielded significantly more groups of endocervical cells (109.84 per slide) than either the spatula (4.17) or the swab (6.25) (p = 0.001). The Cytobrush also produced larger cell clusters (1.56 [SD 0.67], p = 0.001) than either the swab (0.83 [SD 1.70]) or the spatula (0.64 [SD 0.67]). CONCLUSIONS: The Cytobrush and the spatula should be used instead of the spatula alone or the spatula and the swab for collecting endocervical cells. 相似文献
37.
The effects of dietary casein and soyabean-protein isolate (SPI) on gastric emptying and small intestinal transit were observed in rats fed on an 80 g casein or 80 g SPI/kg diet. After a 24 h fast, rats were given 2 g of both the test diets containing 10 g guanidinated casein/kg diet as a marker protein. The amounts of the marker protein remaining in the stomach of the rats fed on the casein or SPI diet were similar and decreased to about 50% after 20 min. The emptying rate then slowed, especially in the casein group, so that the amount leaving the stomach after 1 h in the SPI group was slightly higher (P < 0.05). The small intestinal transit of chyme was estimated by a bolus injection of colloidal carbon suspension or of colloidal carbon and 3H-labelled polyethylene glycol through an implanted duodenal catheter 6 min before death. The average value of transit at 12, 20, 40 and 60 min after feeding of SPI diet was about 25% faster than that after casein diet. The transit velocity of the SPI group was also faster than that of the non-protein group 40 min after feeding. These findings reveal that SPI enhances the small intestinal transit of the liquid phase of chyme. There was no correlation between the gastric emptying of homarginine and small intestinal transit. This result suggest that the small intestinal transit of lumen contents is controlled by the dietary protein regardless of the gastric emptying of protein. 相似文献
38.
The characteristics of motor function and brain dopamine (DA) metabolism in the 1-methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine (MPTP)-treated mice after immersion immobilization stress were investigated. There was no significant difference in locomotor activities between MPTP-treated and saline-treated mice, but locomotor activities of MPTP-treated mice after stress decreased more remarkably than those of saline-treated mice. Immediately after stress, striatal DA concentrations of MPTP-treated mice were significantly lower than those of saline-treated mice. Striatal DA levels improved when 24 h passed after stress. The striatal and cortical (DOPAC + HVA)/DA ratios of MPTP-and stress-treated mice was significantly higher than that of saline-and stress-treated mice. It is due to the decreased DA level and the enhancement of DA turnover that MPTP-treated mice became remarkably akinetic after stress, and that L-DOPA therapy is not effective when the symptoms in patients with Parkinson's disease worsen due to stress. 相似文献
39.
Y Inoue T Momose K Amo T Ohtake T Watanabe N Kosaka J Nishikawa Y Sasaki 《Kaku igaku. The Japanese journal of nuclear medicine》1992,29(8):955-962
Metabolism of 99mTc-ethyl cysteinate dimer (99mTc-ECD) in blood was studied mainly in vitro. When 99mTc-ECD was mixed with blood taken from 12 subjects, the octanol extraction ratio of ECD (y) decreased rapidly and the octanol extraction ratio-time profile well fitted a monoexponential curve (y = Ae-kt/1000, A, k: constant, t: time after mixing). The k value and hematocrit (Ht) were significantly correlated (k = 0.376Ht-3.27, r = 0.897, p less than 0.001), therefore, it was suggested that the majority of the enzyme which dissolves ECD exists in red blood cells. When ECD was mixed with blood, there were more hydrophilic products of ECD in plasma than those generated by the enzyme in plasma. In vivo input function of 99mTc-ECD was calculated by arterial blood sampling and octanol extraction. The duration of effective input was relatively short, which was attributed to rapid decrease of octanol extraction ratio in vivo. 相似文献
40.
The purpose of this study was to determine whether centrally mediated sympathetic tone exerts compensatory effects on nitrous oxide-induced myocardial depression during high-dose fentanyl anaesthesia. The cardiovascular responses to 60 minutes of nitrous oxide administration after fentanyl, 100 micrograms.kg-1, were examined in 18 dogs with or without autonomic blockade induced by hexamethonium. Decreases of cardiac output and left ventricular stroke work were significantly greater in dogs with autonomic blockade (n = 9) by about 20 per cent of baseline values than in dogs without autonomic blockade (n = 9) at 30, 45, and 60 min. Similarly, left ventricular dP/dt was reduced more in dogs with autonomic blockade than in dogs without autonomic blockade, but this difference was only significant at the 60-min period. It is concluded that the sympathetic nervous system provides partial compensation for myocardial depression induced by nitrous oxide in the presence of high-dose fentanyl, suggesting that large doses of fentanyl do not ablate the centrally mediated sympathomimetic effects of nitrous oxide. 相似文献