Kidney failure,CKD progression and mortality after nephrectomy

Purpose

This study tested the hypothesis that progression of chronic kidney disease (CKD) is less aggressive in patients whose primary cause of CKD was nephrectomy, compared with non-surgical causes.

Methods

A sample of 5983 patients from five specialist nephrology practices was ascertained from the Queensland CKD Registry. Rates of kidney failure/death were compared on primary aetiology of CKD using multivariable Cox proportional hazards models. CKD progression was compared using multivariable linear and logistic regression analyses.

Results

Of 235 patients with an acquired single kidney as their primary cause of CKD, 24 (10%) and 38 (17%) developed kidney failure or died at median [IQR] follow-up times of 12.9 [2.5–31.0] and 33.6 [18.0–57.9] months after recruitment. Among patients with an eGFR?<?45 mL/min per 1.73m² at recruitment, patients with diabetic nephropathy and PCKD had the highest rates (per 1000 person-years) of kidney failure (107.8, 95% CI 71.0–163.8; 75.5, 95% CI 65.6–87.1); whereas, patients with glomerulonephritis and an acquired single kidney had lower rates (52.9, 95% CI 38.8–72.1; 34.6, 95% CI 20.5–58.4, respectively). Among patients with an eGFR?≥?45 mL/min per 1.73m², those with diabetic nephropathy had the highest rates of kidney failure (16.6, 95% CI 92.5–117.3); whereas, those with glomerulonephritis, PCKD and acquired single kidney had a lower risk (11.3, 95% CI 7.1–17.9; 11.7, 95% CI 3.8–36.2; 10.7, 95% CI 4.0–28.4, respectively).

Conclusion

Patients who developed CKD after nephrectomy had similar rates of adverse events to most other causes of CKD, except for diabetic nephropathy which was consistently associated with worse outcomes. While CKD after nephrectomy is not the most aggressive cause of kidney disease, it is by no means benign, and is associated with a tangible risk of kidney failure and death, which is comparable to other major causes of CKD.

     

Impaired white matter microstructure associated with severe depressive symptoms in patients with PD

Brain Imaging and Behavior - Depression is a common occurrence in patients with Parkinson's disease (PD); however, its pathophysiology is still unclear. This study assessed the association...     

Revisional Surgery or Pharmacotherapy for Insufficient Weight Loss and Weight Regain After Primary Bariatric Procedure: a Descriptive Study

Obesity Surgery - Bariatric surgery is the most effective and durable treatment option for clinically severe obesity. Unfortunately, some degree of weight regain (WR) is common after nadir weight...     

人羊膜负载猪角朊细胞构建皮肤表皮替代物的实验研究

背景人羊膜为半透明的薄膜,含有多种促进细胞增殖的营养成分,是一种较好的负载角朊细胞的生物材料.目的将人羊膜负载培养猪角朊细胞构建皮肤表皮替代物,并观察猪角朊细胞在人羊膜上生长增殖的形态特点.设计以细胞为研究对象,单一样本研究,重复测量观察.单位解放军第三军医大学预防医学院全军复合伤研究所.材料实验于2001-01/11在创伤、烧伤和复合伤国家重点实验室,第三军医大学预防医学院全军复合伤研究所完成.猪角朊细胞取自3月龄贵州小香猪.方法将贵州小香猪的角朊细胞原代培养,传代扩增后,将角朊细胞以1.63×105/cm2的密度接种于人羊膜基质面,逐日于倒置显微镜下观察角朊细胞的生长增殖变化情况,并于培养3 d与15 d进行光镜、电镜观察,检测角朊细胞在人羊膜上的生长情况.主要观察指标角朊细胞在人羊膜上的生长情况.结果倒置显微镜下观察接种后30 min内明显见到角朊细胞在人羊膜上黏附,24 h内大部分黏附生长,3 d形成单层完全覆盖人羊膜.光镜下人羊膜负载角朊细胞3 d,可见角朊细胞在人羊膜基质面黏附呈单层生长,细胞扁平紧密排列.扫描电镜下可见胞体呈多边形,多见胞膜突起.透射电镜下可见角朊细胞与人羊膜黏附良好,生长在人羊膜上的角朊细胞内有许多角质丝.生长至15 d,在倒置显微镜和扫描电镜下均可见,细胞因过于拥挤而隆起,因老化而形成较多碎片,部分细胞有空洞形成.结论人羊膜是角朊细胞在体外培养的良好载体,对角朊细胞有明显的促增殖作用.但人羊膜负载角朊细胞生长至15 d,因老化部分细胞有空洞形成.     

父母养育方式与犯罪青年人格障碍形成的关系

目的:探讨父母养育方式与青年罪犯人格障碍形成的关系。方法:选择江苏省某劳教所2003-11监狱内接受劳教的人员500人。由专业人员主持团体测试,由调查对象自行填写父母教养方式评价量表(该量表为子女评价的父母教养方式问卷,修订中文版共66个条目,包括6个父亲因子分和5个母亲因子分,信度和效度都较明显)和人格诊断问卷(第4版)(对问卷中的每题以“正确”或“错误”回答。回答“正确”将作为病理反应记分,分数越高表明人格障碍的症状越多)。人格诊断问卷(第4版)评分高于42分者,且以美国精神障碍诊断与统计手册第4版诊断标准确诊人格障碍病例,设为人格障碍组。人格诊断问卷(第4版)评分低于42分者,且以美国精神障碍诊断与统计手册第4版诊断标准确诊人格正常者,设为正常组。结果:发出问卷500份,收回回答规范、完整问卷427份。确诊的人格障碍组共113人,正常组314人。①父母教养方式评价量表各因子得分的比较:母亲的情感温暖、过度保护、偏爱、拒绝各因子得分均高于父亲(53.33±9.22,50.23±9.11;39.09±6.88,36.64±6.58;11.08±3.09,10.50±3.06;13.34±4.28,9.86±3.07),而惩罚、严厉因子得分低于父亲(13.52±4.39,19.62±5.60)。②父母教养方式评价量表各因子得分相关关系的分析:父母教养方式评价量表相同因子得分具有高度相关关系(相关系数>0.6);父母的惩罚严厉、拒绝否认都各自与对方的情感温暖呈低度负相关,父亲的偏爱与母亲的惩罚严厉也呈低度负相关(相关系数>0.1)。③人格障碍组与正常组父母教养方式比较:人格障碍组父母的情感温暖、理解因子分明显低于正常组(47.92±8.79,51.06±9.10;50.60±9.63,54.32±8.88),而惩罚、严厉和拒绝、否认因子得分显著高于正常组(22.25±6.31,18.66±5.00;11.32±3.59,9.33±2.67。15.44±4.87,12.83±4.00;14.61±4.62,12.88±4.06),父亲的过度干预、母亲的偏爱因子分也高于正常组(23.39±4.41,22.27±4.51;11.60±3.32,10.89±2.98)。结论:父母养育方式存在一定的分歧。父母教养方式的差异超出了一定限度,易造成子女心理冲突,难以获得心理和行为的同一,导致他们的社会行为出现偏差。有人格障碍罪犯父母明显存在高惩罚、严厉,高拒绝、否认与低情感温暖、理解以及父亲的过度干预、母亲的偏爱这样一种不良养育模式。父母的不良养育方式是犯罪青年人格障碍形成的危险因素。     

苦杏仁甙抑制成人肾脏成纤维细胞的增殖

背景:苦杏仁甙在体外具有抑制纤维细胞增殖的作用,而肾脏移植后一定时间内的肾活检均提示有程度不同的纤维化,苦杏仁甙是否能抑制肾脏移植后的纤维化是一个有临床意义的课题.目的:观察苦杏仁甙对成人肾脏成纤维细胞增殖的影响.设计、时间及地点:前瞻性随机对照实验,于2003-06/2007-12在南京军区福州总医院实验科完成.实验室为南京军区重点实验室.材料:苦杏仁甙经中国药品生物制品检定所鉴定,批号020903.方法:采用消化法原代培养人肾成纤维细胞,并以免疫细胞化学方法鉴定.采用MTT比色法检测含25,50,80,100,200 mg/L苦杏仁甙的培养液对人肾成纤维细胞增殖的影响,以不含苦杏仁甙的培养液为对照.主要观察指标:苦杏仁甙培养液对肾脏成纤维细胞的增殖活性的影响.结果:分离出的成纤维细胞免疫细胞化学方法进行鉴定显示,vimentin呈阳性表达,keramin和desmin呈阴性表达,确认为成纤维细胞.随着培养时间的延长,对照组肾脏成纤维细胞明显增殖.不同质量浓度苦杏仁甙组肾脏成纤维细胞增殖明显低于对照组.不同质量浓度苦杏仁甙对成纤维细胞的增殖活性均有抑制作用,且呈一定剂量依赖性,以100 mg/L苦杏仁甙抑制作用最强.结论:苦杏仁甙能明显抑制人肾成纤维细胞增殖,并呈剂量依赖性.     

"寒湿疫"理论治疗COVID-19的经验与思考

总结从"寒湿疫"理论治疗通化地区新型冠状病毒感染(COVID-19)的策略与思路,凝练救治经验.COVID-19属于中医"寒湿疫"范畴,病机特点为"寒、湿、瘀、虚、痹",寒湿阳虚是病因病机核心,气化顿滞为疾病变化的关键.结合通化地区气候特点,患者高龄、基础疾病多等复杂因素,在治疗上,总以救治肺气为基本原则.全程注重内外通达,宣畅气机,心肺同治,温阳解毒.治疗策略上同质通治与个体辨治相结合,谨守病机,中西结合.在重症与危重症的救治中,思辨西医救治方法之影响,去伪存真.在治疗节点上,逆其病势,关口前移,既病防变.     

腹腔镜诊治妇科急腹症的临床探讨

目的:探讨腹腔镜在妇科急腹症诊治中的应用价值。方法:回顾分析应用腹腔镜诊断和治疗666例妇科急腹症的临床资料。结果:362例输卵管妊娠、111例黄体破裂、56例急性盆腔炎、76例卵巢囊肿蒂扭转、53例巧克力囊肿破裂、5例子宫穿孔、3例出血性输卵管炎,662例成功进行腹腔镜手术治疗,中转开腹4例。结论:应用腹腔镜诊断、治疗妇科急腹症是一种安全、有效、实用、微创的方法。     

误诊为尿路上皮癌的膀胱平滑肌肉瘤1例并文献分析

目的探讨膀胱平滑肌肉瘤的临床表现、病理学特征、治疗及预后,提高对该病的认知和诊疗水平。方法回顾分析1例膀胱平滑肌肉瘤患者的临床资料及诊疗过程并复习相关国内外文献。结果患者经术前各项检查明确手术指征,充分完善术前准备后行腹腔镜下根治性膀胱全切+乙状结肠代膀胱术。术后病理结果示:(膀胱)间叶性恶性肿瘤,倾向平滑肌肉瘤,免疫组化SMA(+)、Vimentin(+)、Galdesmon(-)、Bcl2(-)、Ki67(约15%)、Desmin(-)、CD34(血管+)、P53(灶+)、EMA(-)、S-100(-)、CDK4(-)、CK(-)。术后辅以AI方案化疗:异磷酰胺(130 mg/m^2)、多柔比星(20 mg/m^2)。随访10个月未见肿瘤转移及复发,治疗效果明显。结论膀胱平滑肌肉瘤系一种极其少见的侵袭性间质瘤,临床和影像学表现均不典型,临床上很容易误诊,其治疗方法可考虑以手术联合化疗为主。