乳腺癌ER,PR状态与细胞超微结构变化的形态定量分析

用免疫组化ＰＡＰ法检测３０例乳腺癌雌激素受体（ＥＲ）和孕激素受体（ＰＲ），从中选取ＥＲ、ＰＲ阳性者（Ｅ＾＋Ｐ＾＋）６例，阴性者（Ｅ＾－Ｐ＾－）５例作透射电镜观察，对部分细胞器连接的变化进行形态定量分析。结果Ｅ＾－Ｐ＾－组癌细胞内线粒体、粗面内质网及溶酶体的含量明显高于Ｅ＾＋Ｐ＾＋组，且差异有显著性（Ｐ＜０．０５，０．０１，０．０１）；Ｅ＾－Ｐ＾－组细胞间的桥粒及镶嵌连接有减少趋势，但差异无显著性     

Ultrastructure of Amelanotic Melanocytes from Human Hair Follicles

Objective: To investigate the ultra structure of amelanotic melanocytes (AMMC). Methods: The hair follicles obtained from normal human scalp by 0.50% collagenase type V treatment were washed with 0.1mol/L phosphate buffer salt (PBS). Hair-follicle cell suspensions were prepared by trypsin treatment and cultured in melanocyte medium. Remaining keratinocytes were removed by differential trypsinization. 100μg/ml geneticin was used to eliminate the contaminating fibroblasts. At third passage, the cells were trypsinized, and then washed in phosphate-buffered saline and processed for transmission electron microscopy. Results: Under transmission electron microscope, the cultured cells showed round or oval shape, with single large nuclear and the karyotheca were double deck. There were obvious euchromosome within the nucleus, and sparse heterochromosome. There were various organelles in the cytoplasm, including plentiful melanosomes with nearly similar size, mitochondria, rough endoplasmic reticule (RER) and ribosome. The electron density granules in most of the melanosomes disposed along concentric circularities. Golgi apparatus in the cells was inconspicuous. Conclusion: The ultra structure of AMMC from human hair follicles is different from that of epidermal melanocytes, and these characteristics determine the functional immature of AMMC.     

Anti-RMA: a murine monoclonal antibody that activates rat macrophages. I. Distribution and characterization of the RMA antigen.

Activated macrophages participate in inflammation by eliminating foreign cells, promoting wound healing, and modulating the immune response. A murine monoclonal antibody, designated anti-rat macrophage activator (RMA), was raised against alveolar macrophages (AM) activated with interferon-gamma (IFN-gamma) and phorbol myristate acetate (PMA). The RMA antigen is expressed by resident macrophages but not by other cells. Binding to AM by anti-RMA is not competitively inhibited by the murine monoclonal antibodies MRC OX-41, OX-42, and OX-43. Surface membrane expression of RMA antigens is upregulated by lipopolysaccharide, PMA, and tumor necrosis factor-alpha but not by IFN-gamma. Stimulation of AM with anti-RMA yields distinct ultrastructural alterations, as well as de novo protein and DNA synthesis. Immunoprecipitation of [35S]methionine metabolically labeled AM yields a 120 kD protein by sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (SDS-PAGE) that is not altered by chemical reduction. We conclude that the RMA antigen is macrophage specific and that binding of anti-RMA to AM promotes functional activities in a subset of these cells.     

含银介孔二氧化硅-壳聚糖复合材料的制备与性能研究

目的探讨含银介孔二氧化硅-壳聚糖复合材料(Ag/MSN-Chi)的制备方法及其微观表征、细胞毒性、吸水性能、抗菌性能及止血性能。 方法以正硅酸乙酯为前驱体，十六烷基三甲基溴化铵为致孔剂，采用离子交换法在介孔二氧化硅纳米粒子(MSN)中引入银离子，制备出具有抗菌作用的新型有序的含银介孔二氧化硅纳米粒子(Ag/MSN)材料。再利用烷基化壳聚糖负载Ag/MSN，制备出Ag/MSN-Chi。根据所用材料不同将实验分为实验组和空白对照组，实验组又分为3个亚组：MSN组、Ag/MSN组、Ag/MSN-Chi组，空白组为不加任何材料的阳性对照。计算MSN和Ag/MSN的比表面积、孔容、孔径和Ag/MSN与Ag/MSN-Chi的电荷。并通过吸水实验、体外凝血实验、抗菌实验对MSN、Ag/MSN和Ag/MSN-Chi的细胞毒性、吸水性能、止血性能及抗菌性能进行评价，计算细胞相对存活率、吸水率、凝血酶原时间(PT)、凝血活酶时间(APTT)及抑菌率。取健康成年新西兰大白兔18只，随机分成3组：对照组(采用医用纱布处理)、Ag/MSN组(采用Ag/MSN处理)、Ag/MSN-Chi组(采用Ag/MSN-Chi处理)，每组6只，建立肝创伤出血模型，计算止血时间。数据比较采用方差分析和t检验。 结果MSN的比表面积为(523.8±12.4) m²/g、孔容为(1.2±0.4) m³/g、孔径为(3.5±0.9) nm；Ag/MSN的比表面积为(521.6±11.7) m²/g、孔容为(1.15±0.5) m³/g、孔径为(3.6±0.7) nm，2种材料的比表面积、孔容、孔径比较差异均无统计学意义(t＝0.224、0.135、0.015，P值均大于0.05)。经测量，Ag/MSN的Zeta电位为－19.7 mV，Ag/MSN-Chi的Zeta电位为10.27 mV，表明Ag/MSN表面电荷从负值变为正值。Ag/MSN-Chi组、Ag/MSN组和MSN组与小鼠成肌细胞共培养1、4、7 d的细胞相对存活率比较，差异均无统计学意义(F＝2.61、4.72、3.52, P值均大于0.05)。Ag/MSN组吸水率分别与MSN组和Ag/MSN-Chi组比较，差异均无统计学意义(t＝0.482、1.159，P值均大于0.05)。经检测，Ag/MSN-Chi组、Ag/MSN组、MSN组和空白对照组的PT比较，差异无统计学意义(F＝10.28，P>0.05)；Ag/MSN-Chi组、Ag/MSN组、MSN组和空白对照组APTT分别为(20.9±2.1)、(28.5±3.4)、(31.4±2.6)、(38.7±2.5) s，4组比较差异有统计学意义(F＝8.70，P<0.05)；Ag/MSN-Chi组、Ag/MSN组、MSN组APTT分别与空白对照组比较，差异均有统计学意义(t＝9.443、4.186、3.506，P值均小于0.05)；Ag/MSN-Chi组APTT与Ag/MSN组比较，差异有统计学意义(t＝3.294，P<0.05)。MSN组在培养0.5、2、4、6、24 h 5个时间点抑菌率比较差异无统计学意义(F＝5.437，P>0.05)；培养0.5 h，Ag/MSN组和Ag/MSN-Chi组抑菌率分别为(99.7±5.2)%、(97.1±5.4)%，与培养0.5 h MSN组抑菌率(11.2±5.8)%比较，差异均有统计学意义(t＝19.678、18.775, P值均小于0.05)；培养24 h，Ag/MSN组和Ag/MSN-Chi组抑菌率分别为(73.2±5.1)%和(72.9±6.9)%，与MSN组(11.8±5.7)%比较，差异均有统计学意义(t＝13.904、11.825, P值均小于0.05)。Ag/MSN-Chi组、Ag/MSN组和对照组止血时间分别为(12.3±1.5)、(17.2±3.4)、(28.1±3.8) s，3组比较差异有统计学意义(F＝5.892，P<0.05)；Ag/MSN-Chi组和Ag/MSN组止血时间分别与对照组比较，差异均有统计学意义(t＝9.473、5.236, P值均小于0.05)；且Ag/MSN-Chi组与Ag/MSN组止血时间比较，差异有统计学意义(t＝3.230，P<0.05)。 结论Ag/MSN-Chi在不增加细胞毒性的基础上具有有较好的吸水性能、止血性能及抗菌性能。     

Interferon-gamma is an autocrine mediator for dendritic cell maturation

Maturation of dendritic cells (DC) is critical for efficient antigen presentation and initiation of an immune response. Interferon-gamma (IFN-gamma) is an important Th1 cytokine. In this study, we investigated the role of IFN-gamma in DC maturation using either IFN-gamma receptor deficient- or IFN-gamma overexpression-models. We showed that immature DC generated in vitro from bone marrow (BM) progenitor cells produced low level of IFN-gamma. After LPS stimulation, DC produced more IFN-gamma, and IFN-gamma productions were at comparable levels among C57BL/6 mice-derived DC (C57BL/6 DC), wild-type 129 mice-derived DC (129 DC) and IFN-gamma receptor deficient 129 mice-derived DC (IFN-gammaR-/-DC). We found that IFN-gammaR-/-DC exhibited decreased expression of CD54, CD86, reduced capacity to secrete IL-1beta and IL-12p70, and impaired capacity to stimulate alloreactive T cells and to drive Th1 differentiation. Transfection of IFN-gamma gene into DC promoted DC to express higher CD40, CD54, CD80, CD86, CCR7 and I-Ab, secrete more IL-1beta and IL-12p70, and more potently activate both CD4 and CD8 T cells. These data suggest that IFN-gamma signaling pathway is important for the maturation of DC in an autocrine fashion.     

THE ACTION OF RADIX REHMANNIAE AND PLASTRUM TESTUDINIS ON BETA- ADRENERGIC RECEPTOR-cAMP SYSTEM

Mouse and rat pathological models were pro duced by injections of thyroid hormone (T3 0r T4, Model. I) or hydrocortisone (HC, Model II). A single subcutaneous dose of isoproterenol (ISO) caused plasma cAMP to peak in 5-15 min which was significantly higher in mouse Models I and II than in normal mice. Daily oral administration of a decoction of two Yin tonics-Radix Rehmanniae (RR) and Plastrum Testudinis (PT) reduced peak cAMP in both models. 3H.DHA binding assay re vealed significant elevations of the number of 3 adrenergic receptors in rat Models I and II. Decoc- tion RR and PT restored the peaks to normal range. Yang tonics Radix Aconiti praeparata (RAP) and Cortex Cinnamomi (CC) showcd contradictory effects on these models. It seems unlikely that the action of the two tonics promotes the dlearance of injected hormones, since injected hormone RIA iii plasma showed no differences between Yin tonics treated and untreated models. The therapeutic effects of these two Yin tonics on "Yin deficiency" syndrome of hyperthyroidism or hyperfunction of the adrenal cortex is very probably related to their actions on the O-adrenoreceptor-cAMP system as stated.     

某国家级死因监测点漏报调查及死因监测质量评价

目的 了解某国家级死因监测点居民死亡漏报情况,评价死因监测信息系统报告的完整性和准确性。 方法 某国家级死因监测点居民死亡信息来源于泸县3个抽样点。采用随机整群抽样的方法,在泸县抽取3个镇(抽样点)共42个村/社,分别从派出所、社事办、妇幼、村(居委会)等渠道收集抽样点2018—2020年全部人口死亡信息,与“人口死因监测信息管理系统”死亡报告数据进行比较,计算漏报率。对“人口死因监测信息管理系统”中抽样点居民死亡报告卡进行审核,评估死因诊断的可靠性和编码质量。 结果 泸县人群总死亡漏报率为9.38%;2018—2020年,漏报率逐渐下降,分别为18.31%、7.53%、2.16%,年度变化百分比为-11.9%,变化趋势差异有统计学意义(t=-5.175,P＜0.001),抽样点死因诊断可靠性和准确性较高,可靠诊断单位占比81.81%,可靠诊断依据占比75.67%,根本死因编码错误率为0.21%。 结论 泸县死因监测数据质量较好,但仍需进一步降低漏报率,提高死因监测数据的完整性和诊断的可靠性。