Differences in T cell subsets between men and women with idiopathic thrombocytopenic purpura

Idiopathic thrombocytopenic purpura (ITP) is an autoimmune disorder, occurring predominantly in women. We studied by flow cytofluorimetry the T cell subsets in men and women with ITP and compared them with healthy sex-matched volunteers. In healthy controls, women were found to have higher proportions of T helper/inducer (Th/i) and lower T suppressor/cytotoxic (Ts/c) lymphocytes and consequently higher Th/i:Ts/c ratios than men. Accordingly, in clinical surveys, patients and controls should be matched for sex for proper comparisons. In patients with ITP in its active phase, an imbalance in T cell subsets was found in both sexes. The perturbation was more severe in women who had a marked decrease in number and proportion of Th/i lymphocytes and an increase in the proportion of Ts/c lymphocytes, whereas in men only, the proportion of Th/i lymphocytes was decreased. When patients with active disease were compared to those with ITP in remission, the decrease in Th/i subsets still persisted in both sexes but the Ts/c subset in women had returned to normal proportions. Therefore, the immune imbalance in ITP is more marked in women than men; imbalances in both Th/i and Ts/c are present in women while Ts/c appears not to be involved in men.     

腺苷二磷酸在凝血酶信号传递过程中的作用

目的比较腺苷二磷酸（ADP）在两类凝血酶受体活化过程中对血小板聚集率以及血小板膜表面活化标记物表达的影响,探讨ADP在凝血酶信号传递机制中的作用。方法分别以凝血酶受体（PAR）活化肽PAR1-AP与PAR4-AP诱导血小板活化,观测腺苷三磷酸双磷酸酶（Apyrase,ADP抑制剂）ⅤⅡ作用过程中血小板聚集以及血小板膜表面糖蛋白（GP）Ib与P-选择素的改变。结果两类凝血酶受体都能诱导血小板活化,产生完全的聚集波,血小板膜GPIb则呈现先进行性减少后逐渐回升的可逆性变化,P-选择素水平持续升高。ApyraseⅤⅡ作用后,PAR1-AP诱导的血小板聚集反应受到部分抑制,而PAR4-AP诱导的血小板聚集反应未有明显改变。ApyraseVⅡ加速PAR1途径GPIb回复细胞表面,对PAR4途径中GPIb的改变则没有显著影响。两种活化途径中P-选择素的表达都不受ApyraseVⅡ的影响。结论ADP在凝血酶信号传递过程中发挥重要作用,其中PAR1途径与ADP参与密切相关．     

婴幼儿法乐四联症肺组织病理学与一期根治术中右心室流出道重建方法的关系

目的分析要幼儿法乐四联症肺细小动脉和肺泡的病理学改变与一期根治术右室流出道重建方法的关系。方法肺病理标本取自16例8—36个月,体重8-16kg,行一期根治手术的法乐四联症（TOF）患儿和5例4-18个月非心、肺源性疾病死亡的对照组婴幼儿。TOF患儿加宽右心室流出道的方法包括瓣环交界切开、跨肺动脉瓣环补片和同种带瓣血管作为外通道连接右心室．肺动脉。术中测量中心肺动脉直径。形态半定量测量肺细小动脉平均中膜厚度百分比（MT％）、平均中膜面积百分比（MS％）、单位面积肺细小动脉数目（APSC）、单位面积肺泡数（MAN）、平均肺泡内衬间隔（MLI）、肺实质占同切片肺总面积比例（PPA％）和单位面积肺泡数／肺细小动脉数（AAR）。结果TOF组的MT％、MS％和APSC降低,MLI和AAR增高,与对照组比较差异有显著性（P均〈0．05）。单纯肺动脉瓣交界切开、跨肺动脉瓣环心包补片、跨肺动脉瓣环同种带单瓣大动脉血管片（包括1例同种带瓣外通道）3种方法的APSC依次降低,与相应的主肺动脉及左、右肺动脉变化一致,APSC与右肺动脉直径呈正相关（r=0．754,P=0．001）。结论要幼儿法乐氏四联征肺血流减少导致肺细小动脉和肺泡发育异常。根据肺门外肺动脉的发育程度选择右室流出道的重建方法可行。     

β受体阻滞剂阿替洛尔和酒石酸美托洛尔对大鼠急性心肌梗死后心肌细胞凋亡及凋亡相关基因表达的作用

目的比较阿替洛尔和酒石酸美托洛尔对大鼠急性心肌梗死(AMI)后心肌细胞凋亡及凋亡相关基因表达的作用。方法251只雌性SD大鼠结扎左冠状动脉建立AMI模型,术后24h存活的124只随机分为AMI对照(MI组,n=43)、阿替洛尔(A组,10mg·kg-1·d-1,n=39)和酒石酸美托洛尔(B组,20mg·kg-1·d-1,n=42)治疗组;另设假手术组(S组,n=27)。各组再按观察时点随机分为48h和4周两亚组。术后24h以直接灌胃法给药。末端脱氧核苷酸转移酶介导的dUTP切口末端标记技术(TUNEL)和DNA凝胶电泳检测心肌细胞凋亡。免疫组织化学方法和Western blot检测“凋亡抑制基因”bcl-2、“凋亡促进基因”bax和“凋亡执行因子”caspase-3基因的表达。结果与AMI对照组相比,AMI后48h,A、B两组梗死区、边缘区和非梗死区的心肌细胞凋亡指数,除B组梗死区显著降低(P<0·01)外,其他指标差异均无显著性(均P>0·05);心肌细胞中bcl-2的表达除A组的非梗死区外均增加(免疫组织化学染色),bax和caspase-3的表达均无明显降低。AMI4周时,A、B两组瘢痕区及其边缘区和非梗死区的心肌细胞凋亡指数均显著降低(P<0·05,P<0·01);bcl-2、bax和caspase-3的表达均无明显变化,仅A4周组非梗死区bax的表达明显降低。Western blot显示,与AMI对照组相比,A、B两组心肌细胞中caspase-3、bcl-2和bax的表达差异均无显著性,但bcl-2/bax的比值显著增加(P<0·05),并与假手术组相当。结论阿替洛尔和酒石酸美托洛尔均能减少AMI梗死/瘢痕区、边缘区和非梗死区的心肌细胞凋亡,作用相当,此作用主要是通过增加bcl-2的表达和bcl-2/bax的比值而实现。     

参芪扶正注射液联合化疗治疗胃癌疗效观察

目的：探讨参芪扶正注射液联合化疗在治疗胃癌中的作用、方法：将82例胃癌术后病人随机分成拳芪扶正注射液联合化疗组和单纯化疗组。单纯化疗组：采用奥沙利铂（L—OHP）、亚叶酸钙（CF）、5-氟尿嘧啶（5-Fu）三药方案：联合治疗组：在使用上方案化疗的同时加用参芪扶正注射液250mL静脉滴注,化疗前3天开始每天1次,连用10天,21天为1个周期,2个周期为1个疗程。观察对比两组的临床症状、KPS评分变化、体重变化情况和副反应结果：①两组临床症状改变有效率分别为61．9％和17.5％,差异有统计学意义（P＜0.01）;②联合治疗组治疗前后KPS评分改善加稳定的比率明显高于单纯化疗组（P＜0．01）;③联合治疗组体重稳定比率明显高于化疗组,且胃肠道反应和骨髓抑制率低于单纯化疗组。     

早产儿视网膜病危险因素的前瞻性多中心队列研究

目的 通过多中心调查,前瞻性研究早产儿视网膜病(ROP)发病相关危险因素.方法 将2005年1月1日至2006年2月28日在ROP协作网内11家医院出生或收治的出生体重＜2000 g 的早产儿或低出生体重儿纳入研究,按时进行ROP筛查,并记录完整的临床资料,调查ROP发病率,分析相关危险因素.结果 882例早产儿纳入研究,完成ROP随访752例,123例发生ROP (16 4%).ROP组出生时平均胎龄为(30.82±0.20)周,平均出生体重(1430±25)g,平均吸氧时间为(11.6±1.4)d;无ROP组出生时平均胎龄(32.56±0.09)周,平均出生体重(1636±10)g,平均吸氧时间为(4 4±0.3)d.单因素分析提示窒息[相对危险度(RR)=1.462]、吸氧时间＞5 d(RR=2.644)、肺表面活性物质的应用(RR=1.880)、肺炎(RR=2.138)、贫血(RR=3.039)、呼吸窘迫综合征(NRDS,RR=2.325)和酸中毒(RR=1.507)与ROP相关(均P＜0 05),多因素分析提示出生体重[比值比(OR)=0.998]、呼吸暂停(OR=1.653)和输血(OR=1.763)是ROP独立作用的因素(均P＜0.05).结论 在诸多因素中,窒息、吸氧、贫血、NRDS、酸中毒与ROP相关,出生体重、呼吸暂停、输血是ROP独立危险因素.

Abstract：

Objective To evaluate the incidence and risk factors of ROP (retinopathy of prematurity) through a prospective multicenter study. Methods Eleven children's or maternal & child hospitals participated in a collective network. All infants of birth weight＜2000 g, born in or transferred to one of the participating centers from January 1st 2005 to February 28th 2006 were recruited. Timely ophthalmologic examinations were performed. The relevant data at baseline and endpoints were collected at each unit. Results A total of 882 preterm infants fulfilled the screening criteria and 752 finished a follow-up. And 123 infants (16.4%) had some degree of ROP. Infants with ROP had a lower gestational age,birth weight and a longer duration of oxygen versus those without ROP[(30.82±0.20) weeks vs (32.56±0.09) weeks, (1430±25) g vs (1636±10) g, (11.6±1.4) d vs (4.4±0.3)d]. Through a univariate analysis, birth weight, gestational age, asphyxia, oxygen duration＞5 days, apnea, surfactant usage,pneumonia, anemia, blood transfusion, acidosis and neonatal respiratory distress syndrome (NRDS) were associated with ROP (P＜0.05) . Logistic regression analysis showed that birth weight (OR=0.998) ,apnea (OR=1.653) and blood transfusion (OR=1.763) were independent risk factors for ROP.Conclusion Asphyxia, oxygen duration＞5 days, surfactant usage, anemia, acidosis and NRDS, lower birth weight, apnea and blood transfusion may improve the risks of ROP.     

耐碳青霉烯类鲍曼不动杆菌外排泵AdeABC的研究

目的从外排泵表型和基因型两个方面探讨外排泵系统在鲍曼不动杆菌对碳青霉烯类抗生素耐药机制中所起的作用。方法外排泵抑制剂羰基氰氯苯腙(CCCP)对138株鲍曼不动杆菌的外排泵进行表型检测;荧光定量PCR测定外排泵adeABC在51株鲍曼不动杆菌中的表达情况。结果泵抑制剂羰基氰氯苯腙(CCCP)和美罗培南协同实验的结果显示:138株临床分离菌中,CCCP抑制实验共筛选出泵阳性菌株28株,其中对美罗培南耐药的39株菌中有15株即38.4%的菌株为泵阳性株,对美罗培南敏感的99株菌中有13株即13.1%的菌株为泵阳性株。经卡方检验统计学分析,差异有显著意义(χ2=12.477b,P=0.01);荧光定量PCR检测菌株的adeB和16s rRNA后,根据检测结果计算出adeB表达量差异。经t检验统计学分析结果显示碳青霉烯类抗生素敏感组的adeB的表达量是0.899±1.172,耐药组的表达量是21.101±21.443,敏感组的表达量显著低于耐药组的表达量,差异有统计学意义(t=4.403,P=0.000)。结论主动外排泵机制在临床分离的鲍曼不动杆菌对碳青霉烯类抗生素的耐药机制中起作用。adeB基因或者adeABC外排泵机制可能在临床菌株对碳青霉烯类抗生素的耐药机制中起作用。     

Apoptosis of drug-resistant human ovarian carcinoma cell line COC1/DDP induced by survivin antisense oligonucleotides

Currently, surgery-oriented treatment plays a major role in the treatment of ovarian cancer patients. But 5-year survival rate of patients is still around 30%. One of the main reasons for the Iow survival rate is the drug resistance of tumor cells against chemotherapy.1,2 The function of antiapoptosis in the course of initiation and progress of cancer has a close relationship with drug resistance of tumor cells. Survivin is a new discovered anti-apoptosis gene, its expression levels correlating with more aggressive disease and poor clinical outcome in many of these tumors. It has been reported that survivin is expressed during fetal development and in cancer tissues.3 Furthermore,survivin overexpression, by disrupting the balance between cell proliferation/differentiation and apoptosis, may relate with the resistance to a variety of apoptotic stimuli, including chemotherapy.4,5 We designed antisense oligonucleotides of survivin to treat the drug-resistant human ovarian carcinoma cell line COC1/DDP, and studied its effects on inducing COC1/DDP apoptosis. The purpose of this study was to find a novel approach to improve the sensitivity of ovarian carcinoma chemotherapy.     

DNA vaccination using bacillus Calmette-Guerin-DNA as an adjuvant to enhance immune response to three kinds of swine diseases

In order to enhance the immune efficacy of DNA vaccination, experiments were conducted to investigate the regulating effects of Bacillus Calmette-Guerin （BCG）-DNA as an adjuvant on immune responses of mice against foot-and-mouth disease （FMD）, Aujeszky＇s disease （AID） and classical swine fever （CSF）. BCG-DNA was purified from BCG by ion-exchange chromatography. Three DNA vaccines （pVSG, pVgD and pVE2） against the respective infection were constructed, and BCGDNA was coimmunized to mice by muscle injection. The results showed that titres of specific immunoglobulin （Ig）G to the vaccines mounted remarkably in the sera of the adjuvant covaccinated mice （P〈0.01）. Antibody isotype IgG2a and IgG1 also increased, respectively, in mice coimmunized with BCG-DNA compared with those of the control groups （P〈0.01）. Cellular immune cytokine interferon-gamma and cytotoxic T lymphocytes were detected in coimmunized BCG-DNA groups （P〈0. 05）. Whereas interleukin-4, humoral immune cytokine, was not significant （P〉 0. 05）. These results suggest that codelivery of BCG-DNA with DNA vaccines against FMD, AjD and CSF can enhance the induction of antigen-specific, especially, cell-mediated immunity.     

四君子汤对烧伤豚鼠早期代谢营养的影响

为探讨四君子汤对烧伤早期代谢营养的作用，采用３０％Ⅲ度烧伤豚鼠胃造口模型将４００ｇ左右豚鼠分别在喂养等量热卡、氮和自由进食两种膳食条件下，将３１只豚鼠分为四组，即喂养治疗组（ｎ＝７），喂养对照组（ｎ＝４），自食治疗组（ｎ＝９），自食对照组（ｎ＝１１）予以观察。结果发现：自由进食时，四君子汤能增加摄食量，减轻伤后体重丢失，改善氮平衡，增加肝、回肠粘膜含氮量，而躯壳重及腓肠肌含氮量增加不明显，但静息代谢率则增加；等量喂养时，四君子汤治疗组体重、躯壳重及腓肠肌含氮量显著低于对照组，而肝、肠粘膜重量及含氮量差异无显著意义。此外，四君子汤还可调整激素和内脏组织含水量。因此，我们认为四君子汤对改善烧伤后代谢营养及脏器功能可能是有益的