Effets du repas précompétitif sur la perception de l'effort et sur la glycémie lors d'un exercice de pédalage

The first purpose of the present study was to investigate the effect of three different preexercise meals on perceived exertion and glycaemia during a one-hour bicycle exercise at 80% VO₂ max. The second purpose of this study was to determine the relationship between glycaemia and perceived exertion. Eight athletes (age: 24.6 ± 2.7 years, weight: 78.0 ±6.8 kg, height: 182.6 ± 9.9 cm) completed three assessment sessions, each being preceeded by one of the following meals, ingested 3 h before exercise: 400 mL of water, 400 mL of water and 75 g of glucose, and 100 mL of water and 375 g of potatoes. The subjects 'perceived exertion were measured at times 6, 15, 30, 45, 60 min and glycaemia at 0, 30, 60 min of the exercise. The results showed that perceived exertion (RPE and ETL) of each meal increased as a function of time (P <- 0.05) whereas glycaemia did not differ except for the glucose meal between 30 min and 1 h(P < 0.02). There was no significant difference in ratings of perceived exertion among any meal whereas glycaemia was different between the three conditions only at the beginning and the middle of the exercises (P < 0.04 and P < 0.02, respectively). Moreover, the vectorial angles between the variables ofperceived exertion and the glycaemia are close to 90 °. These results would suggest that perceived exertion does not seem to be affected by the three preexercise meals used in our study. Perceived exertion is not correlated to glycaemia changes during one-hour high intensity exercise. The results would, therefore, suggest that glycaemia is not a contributor signal of perceived exertion in this study. It seems that physiological factors other than glycaemia may have mediated the perceptual intensity at exhaustion. The respiratory-metabolic signals of exertion which are most pronounced at high relative exercise intensity are suggested to influence the perceptual signal of exertion.     

Human CD4 lymphocytes specifically recognize a peptide representing the fusion region of the hybrid protein pml/RAR alpha present in acute promyelocytic leukemia cells

Fusion proteins present in leukemic cells frequently contain a new amino acid at the fusion point. We tested whether a peptide (BCR1/25) encompassing the fusion region of the hybrid molecule pml/RAR alpha, which is selectively expressed by acute promyelocytic leukemia (APL) cells, can be recognized by human T lymphocytes in vitro. CD4+ lymphocytes, at both polyclonal and clonal level, recognized peptide BCR1/25 in an HLA-DR--restricted fashion on presentation by autologous antigen-presenting cell (APC) or by APC expressing the HLA-DR11 restricting molecule. Control peptides corresponding to the normal pml and RAR alpha proteins were not recognized. One clone (DEG5) also exerted a high and specific cytotoxicity against autologous cells pulsed with BCR1/25. The autologous DE LCL containing a transduced pml/RAR alpha fusion gene and expressing a bcr1 type of the pml/RAR alpha hybrid protein induced the proliferation of DE anti-BCR1/25 T cell clones. It is concluded that the bcr1 type-pml/RAR alpha fusion protein of APL contains an antigenic site, absent from the normal parent molecules and recognized by human CD4+ lymphocytes.     

Bilateral subacromial bursitis with macroscopic rice bodies: Ultrasound,CT and MR appearance

The radiological findings of ultrasound, CT and MR of a case of bilateral subacromial bursitis with macroscopic rice bodies is described. The previous literature is also reviewed.     

The Experience of Electroconvulsive Therapy in the 1980s: A Prospective Study of the Knowledge, Opinions, and Experience of California Electroconvulsive Therapy Patients in the Berkeley Years

In 1982, the city of Berkeley, California voted to make the use of electroconvulsive therapy (ECT) a crime. Though later overturned, this ordinance generated much publicity and underscored the public's general negative view of ECT. In this climate, the authors surveyed first-time ECT recipients (n = 35), and a group with prior ECT (n = 20) to examine patient knowledge, experience, and opinions of ECT in California in the 1980s. Patients in both groups believed ECT should be available and did not think it was used for punishment or control. First-time ECT patients showed good understanding of the ECT process, thought that they had adequate information with which to decide about ECT, and were optimistic about the outcome. In comparison, those with prior ECT were less knowledgeable, less sure about the ECT process, less optimistic about the outcome, and more frightened of the procedure. After treatment, first-time ECT patients believed they had made a good decision to have ECT and that they were helped. Complaints of memory dysfunction were common. Patients who received ECT in the past may have had a more negative experience with ECT than those undergoing the procedure in the 1980s. These more negative experiences may have determined present media presentations and, therefore, had an influence on present day public attitudes against ECT. Accurate portrayals of ECT, as it is done today, may improve public attitudes toward ECT and forestall adverse legislation.     

Pneumocystis carinii pneumonia: Pitfalls of prophylaxis

Pneumocystis carinii pneumonia (PCP) occurs commonly in immunocompromised patients. Sulfamethoxazole-trimethoprim (SMX-TMP) is effective prophylaxis, although PCP may still occur despite apparently adequate use. We report three cases of PCP which highlight some of the pitfalls of prophylaxis.     

SPECTRUM OF ACUTE RENAL FAILURE IN A SERVICE HOSPITAL

A prospective study of 82 patients with acute renal failure was carried out over the last 2 years. Mean age of the patients was 35.6 years (8-82 years). Male to female ratio was 3.5:1. The etiological factors were septicaemia in 18 patients (21.95%), aminoglycoside toxicity in 16 patients (19.51%), open heart surgery in 8 patients (9.76%), volume depletion and blood loss in 12 patients (14.63%), glomerulonephritis in 4 patients (4.88%), renal allograft dysfunction in 4 patients (4.88%), and miscellaneous causes in 20 patients (24.39%). Non-oliguric renal failure was observed in 39.02 per cent cases. Dialysis support was required in 65.8 per cent of the cases; with average 5.6 (4 to 11) dialysis sessions. Four patients of acute renal failure following open heart surgery were given continuous arterio-venous haemofiltration. Overall mortality was 32.5 per cent, septicaemia accounting for 60 per cent of the deaths.KEYWORDS: Antibiotics, Aminoglycoside, Renal failure acute, Septicemia