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131.
Rowlett JK 《Experimental and clinical psychopharmacology》2005,13(3):187-9; discussion 194-9
The review article "Regulation of Drug Taking by Sensitization and Habituation" by F. K. McSweeney, E. S. Murphy, and B. P. Kowal introduces 2 basic principles of behavior, sensitization and habituation, into a comprehensive model for studying drug intake and drug addiction. A key assumption of the model is that the reinforcing effectiveness of drugs sensitize and/or habituate; however, issues with the measurement of reinforcing effectiveness should be carefully considered. In addition, a multidisciplinary approach might broaden this model and increase its power. Other approaches include, but are not limited to, pharmacokinetic-pharmacodynamic modeling and in vivo measures of brain activity. 相似文献
132.
Close mapping of the focal non-epidermolytic palmoplantar keratoderma (PPK) locus associated with oesophageal cancer (TOC) 总被引:1,自引:1,他引:1
Kelsell DP; Risk JM; Leigh IM; Stevens HP; Ellis A; Hennies HC; Reis A; Weissenbach J; Bishop DT; Spurr NK; Field JK 《Human molecular genetics》1996,5(6):857-860
Focal non-epidermolytic palmoplantar keratoderma (PPK or palmoplantar
ectodermal dysplasia type III) is associated with oesophageal cancer in
three families: two large pedigrees located in Liverpool, UK and in the
midwestern American states and one smaller family from Germany. In these
families, the PPK is inherited as autosomal dominant and has a late onset,
usually manifesting between 7 and 8 years of age. The disease is
characterised by thickening of the pressure areas of the soles, but is not
restricted to the feet and also presents with oral leukokeratosis and
follicular hyperkeratosis. The disease locus [previously termed the
"tylosis oesophageal cancer gene' (TOC) locus] has been mapped to
17q23-qter by linkage analysis. This region is located telomeric to the
keratin 16 gene, in which mutations have been identified in focal PPK
families who show no increased cancer risk. We describe the close mapping
of this locus to the interval between AFMb054zf9 and D17S1603 using
haplotype analysis of additional Genethon markers in the region and show
that although the American family is unlikely to be related to either of
the other two, the UK and German pedigrees may share a common descent. This
work provides a basis for positional cloning and candidate gene analysis in
order to identify a gene that may be involved in familial oesophageal
cancer.
相似文献
133.
AJIW Bergman IET van den Berg W Brink BT Poll-The JK Ploos van Amstel R Berger 《Human mutation》1998,12(1):19-26
Hereditary tyrosinemia type 1 (HT1) is a rare metabolic disease caused by a deficient activity of the enzyme fumarylacetoacetase (FAH). To investigate the molecular heterogeneity of tyrosinemia, the geographic distribution and the genotype–phenotype relationship, we have analyzed the FAH genotype of 25 HT1 patients. Mutation screening was performed by PCR amplification of exons 1-14 of the FAH gene, followed by SSCP analysis and direct sequencing of the amplified exons. Fourteen different mutations were found, of which seven were novel, viz. Three missense mutations (G158D, P261L, F405H), a deletion of three nucleotides causing a deletion of serine (DEL366S) and three splice site mutations: IVS2+1(g-t), IVS6-1(g-c), IVS8-1(g-c). The splice site mutations IVS6-1(g-t) and IVS12+5(g-a) were frequently found in countries around the Mediterranean and northerwestern Europe, respectively. No clear correlation between the genotype and the three major HT1 subtypes could be established. Hum Mutat 12:19–26, 1998. © 1998 Wiley-Liss, Inc. 相似文献
134.
135.
136.
Treatment of secretory pituitary adenoma with radiation therapy 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
Clarke SD; Woo SY; Butler EB; Dennis WS; Lu H; Carpenter LS; Chiu JK; Thornby JI; Baskin DS 《Radiology》1993,188(3):759
137.
Blood pressure independent effects of nitrendipine on cardiac structure in patients after renal transplantation 总被引:2,自引:2,他引:0
Rockstroh JK; Schobel HP; Vogt-Ladner G; Hauser I; Neumayer HH; Schmieder RE 《Nephrology, dialysis, transplantation》1997,12(7):1441-1447
Left ventricular hypertrophy is well established as a blood pressure
independent cardiovascular risk factor in patients on renal replacement
therapy. The effects of antihypertensive treatment on myocardial structure
and function in renal transplant recipients have been so far only rarely
investigated. In a double-blind, placebo-controlled study patients were
randomized to the calcium channel blocker nitrendipine or placebo if the
transplanted kidney had developed a stable phase. Normotensive patients
received nitrendipine 2 x 5 mg daily or placebo, hypertensive patients
received 2 x 10 mg up to 2 x 20 mg nitrendipine daily or placebo. To
achieve adequate blood pressure control, all patients with still elevated
blood pressure on study medication received antihypertensive drugs other
than calcium channels blockers. Ambulatory blood pressure recording and
2D-guided M-mode echocardiography were performed at baseline and upon
completion of the study. In addition, laboratory workup (including serum
creatinine and lipids) was done, and serum aldosterone, plasma renin
activity, plasma angiotensin II and blood glucose levels were measured in
all patients at baseline and after at least 12 months of therapy.
Ambulatory blood pressure was almost identical between both groups at study
baseline and follow-up. In renal transplant patients on nitrendipine,
posterior wall thickness (-0.10 +/- 1.77 mm) and septal wall thickness
(-0.83 +/- 2.23 mm) did not change significantly from baseline. In
contrast, posterior wall thickness (0.71 +/- 0.92 mm, P < 0.01) and
septal wall thickness (0.97 +/- 2.20 mm, P < 0.05) increased in patients
on placebo, which differed from the observed changes on nitrendipine
(ANOVA: P = 0.093 and P = 0.048, respectively). Relative wall thickness, a
parameter for concentric left ventricular hypertrophy, became numerically
smaller on nitrendipine therapy from 0.46 +/- 0.07 to 0.44 +/- 0.09 (-0.02
+/- 0.09, NS) but increased from 0.42 +/- 0.08 to 0.48 +/- 0.08 in the
placebo arm (+0.04 +/- 0.08, P < 0.02), which was also significant
between the two groups (ANOVA: P = 0.036). Endocrine parameters, lipids and
blood glucose were not different between the two groups. We conclude from
these data that the calcium channel blocker nitrendipine exerted beneficial
effects on cardiac structure in patients after renal transplantation
independent of blood pressure.
相似文献
138.
Anatomy of the perirenal area 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
The authors comment on the use of the renal bridging septa as a sign in distinguishing compartmentalization of the perinephric space. They also address new concepts regarding the spread of pancreatic effusions and provide information on other anatomic features of the perirenal area. 相似文献
139.
JK Wood 《Journal of clinical pathology》1991,44(10):879-880
140.
Connelly RJ; Hayden MS; Scholler JK; Tsu TT; Dupont B; Ledbetter JA; Kanner SB 《International immunology》1998,10(12):1863-1872
The combination of anti-CD2 mAb 9.6 and 9-1, specific for distinct
epitopes, induces proliferation of resting human T cells. The mitogenic
activity of this mAb mixture depends upon accessory cells and the 9-1 mAb
Fc domain. To further study the functional properties of these mAb, their
variable regions were cloned and expressed as monospecific single- chain Fv
(scFv) proteins fused to the human IgG1 Fc domain (scFvIg). A novel
bispecific scFvIg was constructed by cloning the two monospecific scFv
binding sites in tandem, with the 9.6 scFv placed N-terminal to the 9-1
scFvIg. Monospecific scFvIg binding to CD2 was comparable to that of the
corresponding parental mAb, while the bispecific scFvIg exhibited binding
activity similar to that of the 9-1 scFvIg. The combination of 9.6 scFvIg
and 9-1 mAb was mitogenic, whereas mixtures including the 9-1 scFvIg were
non-stimulatory, confirming the unique properties of the 9-1 IgG3 Fc.
Without the IgG3 tail, the bispecific 9.6/9-1 scFvIg was directly mitogenic
and was a more potent mitogen than the mAb mixture, but was accessory cell
dependent. Unlike the combination of mAb, the bispecific reagent did not
directly mobilize calcium in T cells. In comparison to the mAb mixture,
bispecific 9.6/9- 1 scFvIg-mediated stimulation of a mixed lymphocyte
reaction was significantly more resistant to inhibition of the CD28
co-stimulatory pathway by the inhibitor CTLA-4-Ig. These results show that
expression of the 9.6 and 9-1 binding sites together on a bispecific scFvIg
increased the mitogenic properties of the mAb and altered the degree of
accessory cell signals required for T cell activation.
相似文献