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81.
82.
Lambert JS Moye J Plaeger SF Stiehm ER Bethel J Mofenson LM Mathieson B Kagan J Rosenblatt H Paxton H Suter H Landay A 《Clinical and diagnostic laboratory immunology》2005,12(5):622-631
This study of a subset of women and infants participating in National Institutes of Health Pediatric AIDS Clinical Trials Group protocol 185 evaluated lymphocyte phenotypic markers of immune activation and differentiation to determine their association with the likelihood of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) transmission from the women to their infants and the potential for early identification and/or prognosis of infection in the infants. Lymphocytes from 215 human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV)-infected women and 192 of their infants were analyzed by flow cytometry with an extended three-color panel of monoclonal antibodies. Women who did not transmit to their infants tended to have higher CD4+ T cells. Most notably, levels of total CD8+ T cells and CD8+ CD38+ cells made significant independent contributions to predicting the risk of mother-to-child transmission. Adjusting for HIV-1 RNA level at entry, a one percentage-point increase in these marker combinations was associated with a nine percent increase in the likelihood of maternal transmission. Total as well as naive CD4+ T cells were significantly higher in uninfected than infected infants. Total CD8+ cells, as well as CD8+ cells positive for HLA-DR+, CD45 RA+ HLA-DR+, and CD28+ HLA-DR+ were elevated in infected infants. Detailed immunophenotyping may be helpful in predicting which pregnant HIV-infected women are at increased risk of transmitting HIV to their infants. Increasing differences in lymphocyte subsets between infected and uninfected infants became apparent as early as six weeks of age. Detailed immunophenotyping may be useful in supporting the diagnosis of HIV infection in infants with perinatal HIV exposure. 相似文献
83.
Ben-Galim P Steinberg EL Rosenblatt Y Parnes N Menahem A Arbel R 《Acta orthopaedica Scandinavica》2004,75(5):584-587
The WizAir-DVT is a miniature, lightweight (690 g), battery-operated and mobile intermittent pneumatic compression device (ICD), which enables continuous intraoperative use and immediate patient mobilization postoperatively. We compared its efficacy with a commonly used ICD, the Kendall SCD. Peak femoral vein flow velocity was measured in 20 apparently healthy volunteers at rest and with each device: we found no significant differences between them. A second prospective, randomized, clinical trial was used to compare the efficiency of the device in preventing deep venous thrombosis (DVT) after joint replacement in 50 patients (n=25/group). None developed DVT. Doppler ultrasonography revealed no significant differences. The WizAir-DVT antithrombotic compression device is as safe and effective as the Kendall SCD. 相似文献
84.
PURPOSE: The aim of this study was to evaluate dosimetric aspects of high-dose-rate (HDR) intrauterine brachytherapy applications and to discuss a possible definition of vaginal points for dose reporting. METHODS AND MATERIALS: HDR brachytherapy was performed using a "Fletcher-like" applicator. Doses to the vaginal mucosa were assessed using 2 sets of points for each ovoid. Fifty treated patients were chosen for the analysis. Repeatability and reproducibility were analyzed. Total doses for the whole treatment at the vaginal points were calculated for each patient. The average dose for both ovoids was determined and the ratio of this dose to the dose at point "A" was calculated. The correlation between delivered doses and vaginal complications was tested statistically. RESULTS: Repeatability and reproducibility were found to be less than 1% compared with patient-to-patient variations (> 99%) for all points. The number of fractions and the number of patients in which the middle ovoid point was "representative" were calculated for the lateral and upper surfaces, respectively. The calculated vaginal-average to point "A" dose ratio was found to be 175% and 130% for the 20 and 25 mm ovoids, respectively. A correlation between delivered doses and the rate of complications was not found. CONCLUSIONS: The proposed method has been validated and allows calculations of vaginal doses. The vaginal-to-point "A" dose ratios allow a fast estimation of the vaginal dose for 20 and 25 mm ovoids. The doses delivered to our patients were below vaginal tolerance. 相似文献
85.
Button TM Li H Fisher P Rosenblatt R Dulaimy K Li S O'Hea B Salvitti M Geronimo V Geronimo C Jambawalikar S Carvelli P Weiss R 《Physics in medicine and biology》2004,49(14):3105-3116
The potential for malignancy detection using dynamic infrared imaging (DIRI) has been investigated in an animal model of human malignancy. Malignancy was apparent in images formed at the vasomotor and cardiogenic frequencies of tumour bearing mice. The observation of malignancy was removed by the administration of an agent that blocks vasodilation caused by nitric oxide (NO). Image patterns similar to those that characterize malignancy could be mimicked in normal mice using an NO producing agent. Apparently DIRI allows for cancer detection in this model through vasodilation caused by malignancy generated NO. Dynamic infrared detection of vasomotor and cardiogenic surface perfusion was validated in human subjects by a comparison with laser Doppler flowmetry (LDF). Dynamic infrared imaging technology was then applied to breast cancer detection. It is shown that dynamic infrared images formed at the vasomotor and cardiogenic frequencies of the normal and malignant breast have image pattern differences, which may allow for breast cancer detection. 相似文献
86.
Rosenblatt PC 《Death Studies》2004,28(7):679-686
Secondary analysis of data from 84 people in 2 interview studies shows that some bereaved people grieve actively while driving. The grief can be intense, even years after a death. Grief while driving may erupt spontaneously or be set off by a wide range of reminders. Some bereaved people seem to save their grieving for times when they drive, because that is when they have the time and privacy to think and feel, but it would be safer for them and others if they would avoid driving while grieving intensely. 相似文献
87.
Margolis RL Holmes SE Rosenblatt A Gourley L O'Hearn E Ross CA Seltzer WK Walker RH Ashizawa T Rasmussen A Hayden M Almqvist EW Harris J Fahn S MacDonald ME Mysore J Shimohata T Tsuji S Potter N Nakaso K Adachi Y Nakashima K Bird T Krause A Greenstein P 《Annals of neurology》2004,56(5):670-674
Huntington's Disease-like 2 (HDL2) is a progressive, autosomal dominant, neurodegenerative disorder with marked clinical and pathological similarities to Huntington's disease (HD). The causal mutation is a CTG/CAG expansion mutation on chromosome 16q24.3, in a variably spliced exon of junctophilin-3. The frequency of HDL2 was determined in nine independent series of patients referred for HD testing or selected for the presence of an HD-like phenotype in North America or Japan. The repeat length, ancestry, and age of onset of all North American HDL2 cases were determined. The results show that HDL2 is very rare, with a frequency of 0 to 15% among patients in the nine case series with an HD-like presentation who do not have the HD mutation. HDL2 is predominantly, and perhaps exclusively, found in individuals of African ancestry. Repeat expansions ranged from 44 to 57 triplets, with length instability in maternal transmission detected in a repeat of r2=0.29, p=0.0098). The results further support the evidence that the repeat expansion at the chromosome 16q24.3 locus is the direct cause of HDL2 and provide preliminary guidelines for the genetic testing of patients with an HD-like phenotype. 相似文献
88.
Brandt J Leroi I O'Hearn E Rosenblatt A Margolis RL 《The Journal of neuropsychiatry and clinical neurosciences》2004,16(2):176-184
To determine the specificity of cognitive impairments in patients with cerebellar degeneration (CD), the neuropsychological test performance of 31 CD patients was compared to that of 21 patients with Huntington's disease (HD) and 29 normal adults. The CD and HD groups did not differ in age, education, or duration of illness, and their overall severity on a quantified neurological examination was similar. Fifteen neuropsychological test variables were reduced to five underlying domains: motor, verbal, spatial, memory, and executive functioning. The CD patients had their greatest impairment in the executive domain and their least in the memory domain. In contrast, the HD patients had very substantial spatial deficits and significant memory impairment, in addition to executive dysfunction. The findings indicate that 1) the cognitive impairment in CD is not as severe as in HD, and 2) the pattern of deficits in CD, while consistent with a subcortical dementia, differs in important ways from that in HD. These differences may reflect the involvement of the cerebellar dentate nucleus and the striatal nuclei in separate "loops" or closed circuits, linking them with specific areas of cerebral neocortex. 相似文献
89.
Axer-Siegel R Ehrlich R Weinberger D Rosenblatt I Shani L Yassur Y Priel E Kramer M 《American journal of ophthalmology》2004,138(4):602-607
PURPOSE: To evaluate the visual outcome of patients with myopic subfoveal choroidal neovascularization (CNV) given photodynamic therapy (PDT) in a clinical setting, and to identify potential relation between the visual outcome and the age at treatment. DESIGN: Interventional case series. METHODS: Retrospective comparative study. SETTING: Outpatient ophthalmology clinic. PATIENTS: Twenty-nine consecutive patients (30 eyes) with subfoveal CNV caused by pathologic myopia who were treated with verteporfin PDT from January 2000 to May 2003. INTERVENTION: All the patients received verteporfin PDT and were followed clinically and with fluorescein angiography (FA). Review of the medical records and angiograms was performed. Patients were divided into two groups by age, using the median age (60 years) as the cutoff. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Visual acuity (VA) at the end of follow-up in the older-patient group compared with the younger-patient group. RESULTS: The mean age was 63.1 years. Mean follow-up was 11.5 months. Patients received a mean of 3.48 treatments. Mean VA improved in the younger group from 0.63 to 0.39 logMAR (P = .02, paired t test) and deteriorated in the older group from 0.71 to 0.99 logMAR (P = .03, paired t test). In the whole cohort, 33% of eyes lost 3 or more lines of Snellen best-corrected VA; in the older age group, 50% of eyes lost 3 or more lines, whereas in the younger age group, only 8% of eyes did so (P = .024, Fisher's exact test). CONCLUSIONS: In our consecutive case series, visual prognosis of myopic CNV after PDT was found to be influenced by age at treatment. 相似文献
90.