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71.
72.
The reforms that have reshaped the public health care systems have often been coupled with devolution. However, this process has frequently been accompanied by widespread soft budget constraint policies. In this paper we argue that the soft budget constraint arises from a cooperative game between local authorities that force Central Government to bail them out. Our theoretical model is tested using data for Italian regions for the period 2002–2006 and our hypothesis is verified. Although the model uses Italy as a benchmark, we believe that the framework we propose could be extended to other federal contexts where resources are distributed unevenly and preferences are asymmetric. 相似文献
73.
D. Mora M.G. Fortina G. Nicastro C. Parini P.L. Manachini 《Research in microbiology》1998,149(10):711
A genotypic study using amplified ribosomal DNA restriction analysis (ARDRA), random amplified polymorphic DNA fingerprinting (RAPD) and ribosomal spacer analysis (RSA) in comparison with DNA-DNA reassociation experiments was carried out with 85 thermophilic Bacillus isolates from uncultivated soil of 14 different geographical areas and seventeen reference strains representing defined thermophilic Bacillus species. This approach permitted the attribution of 51 % of the new isolates to the Bacillus thermoleovorans group and the identification of 40% of the new isolates as B. “thermodenitrificans”. Moreover, 2 strains were assigned to B. pallidus species and 1 isolate to B. thermosphaericus species. The remaining 6% of our thermophilic isolates from soil, constituting 2 DNA-DNA homology groups, are still unidentified. A detailed genotypic characterization of the heterogeneous species of B. thermoleovorans and B. stearothermophilus was also presented. 相似文献
74.
Laura Medri Annalisa Volpi Oriana Nanni Anna Maria Vecci Annita Mangia Francesco Schittulli Franco Padovani Donata Casadei Giunchi Alfredo Zito Alfredo Vito Dino Amadori Angelo Paradiso Rosella Silvestrini 《Modern pathology》2003,16(11):1067-1075
The prognostic relevance of mitotic activity was analyzed in a series of 306 patients with node-negative breast cancer treated with locoregional therapy alone, until early relapse. Mitotic activity was evaluated as the number of mitotic figures per 10 high-power fields (mitotic activity index) or per 1000 tumor cells (mitotic index). Counting was carried out blindly by two observers. A high correlation was observed between the two determinations (r(s) =.96, P <.001). For clinical analysis, three mitotic activity index subgroups (mitotic figures/field = 9, 10-19 and more than 19, according to grading criteria) and three mitotic index subgroups (percentage of mitotic figures less than 0.10, 0.11-0.50 and more than 0.50, according to tertile criteria) were considered. No relation was observed between mitotic variables and 6-year disease-free survival, whereas distant disease-free survival was strongly related to mitotic figures per 10 fields (85%, 89% and 70%, P =.012) and to the percentage of mitotic figures out of a total 1000 tumor cells (87%, 86% and 75%, P =.017). Similarly, both mitotic indices were significantly related to 6-year overall survival (99%, 95% and 77%, P <.001, for mitotic figures per 10 fields and 99%, 93% and 82%, P <.001, for the percentage of mitotic figures). These findings were particularly evident in patients with tumors of 1-2 cm. In conclusion, a high number of mitotic figures is associated with a higher probability of developing distant metastases and a shorter survival. The critical point remains the standardization of the preanalytical and analytical steps within quality control programs. 相似文献
75.
Bonfanti P Giannattasio C Ricci E Facchetti R Rosella E Franzetti M Cordier L Pusterla L Bombelli M Sega R Quirino T Mancia G 《Journal of acquired immune deficiency syndromes (1999)》2007,45(4):426-431
OBJECTIVE: To compare the prevalence of metabolic syndrome (MS) in HIV-positive patients with that from a sample of a general Italian population. DESIGN: Cross-sectional study. METHODS: A total of 1263 HIV-infected patients 18 years of age or older were recruited in 18 centers for infectious diseases in northern and central Italy. Controls were 2051 subjects aged 25 to 74 years representative of the residents of Monza, a town in Milan province, who were enrolled in the Pressioni Arteriose Monitorate E Loro Associazioni study. RESULTS: The prevalence of MS in the HIV group was 20.8%, whereas in the control group, it was only 15.8%, with the difference being statistically significant. The age- and gender-adjusted risk of having MS in HIV-infected patients was twice as great as that in controls. Compared with controls, HIV-infected patients had a greater prevalence of the impaired fasting glucose, increased plasma triglycerides, and reduced high-density lipoprotein cholesterol components. MS prevalence was similar in treated and never-treated HIV-infected patients, and so were the various MS components. CONCLUSIONS: The risk of MS is greater in HIV-infected patients compared with the general population because of a greater prevalence of lipid and glucose abnormalities. The prevalence of MS and its components is similar in treated and untreated HIV-positive patients. 相似文献
76.
77.
Lorenzo Loffredo Vincenzo Arienti Gianpaolo Vidili Chiara Cogliati Simona Battaglia Ludovica Perri Rosella Di Giulio Sciaila Bernardini Maria Luna Summa Angela Sciacqua Francesco Perticone Maria Boddi Giovanni Di Minno Corrado Lodigiani Antonello Pietrangelo Alessio Farcomeni Francesco Violi 《Mayo Clinic proceedings. Mayo Clinic》2019,94(1):37-43
Objective
To evaluate the effect of hospitalization on deep venous thrombosis (DVT) rate by the cumulative incidence of DVT in the proximal venous tract of the lower limbs at admission and discharge.Methods
The AURELIO (rAte of venoUs thRombosis in acutEly iLl patIents hOspitalized in internal medicine wards) multicenter observational study was carried out in hospital-university internal medicine wards including consecutive acutely ill medical patients. Patients underwent compression ultrasonography (CUS) of proximal lower limb veins at admission and discharge. The occurrence of DVT was the primary end point of the study.Results
Among 1340 patients, 26 (1.9%; 95% CI, 1.3%-2.8%) had asymptomatic DVT at admission and were excluded. During the follow-up, 144 patients were excluded because of hospitalization less than 5 days. The remaining 1170 patients underwent a CUS at discharge. Two hundred fifty (21%) underwent prophylaxis with parenteral anticoagulants; the remaining 920 (79%) were not treated with anticoagulants. The mean length of hospitalization was 13±8 days. Compared with patients without prophylaxis, those treated with parenteral anticoagulants had a higher incidence of active cancer, heart and respiratory failure, pneumonia, renal failure, previous venous thromboembolism, reduced mobility, and elderly age. During the hospital stay, 3 patients with a negative CUS at admission experienced DVT in the proximal tract (0.025%, rate of 1 per 5017 patient-days); 2 of them were in prophylaxis with parenteral anticoagulants.Conclusion
We provide evidence that in the real world acutely ill medical patients display more than 90% (1.9%) asymptomatic DVT at admission, whereas the intrahospital DVT occurrence is very low. This suggests a novel diagnostic workup and a careful reanalysis of anticoagulant prophylaxis. 相似文献78.
79.
M. Huemer C. Bürer P. Ješina V. Kožich M. A. Landolt T. Suormala B. Fowler P. Augoustides- Savvopoulou E. Blair K. Brennerova A. Broomfield L. De Meirleir G. Gökcay J. Hennermann P. Jardine J. Koch S. Lorenzl A. S. Lotz-Havla J. Noss R. Parini H. Peters B. Plecko F. J. Ramos A. Schlune K. Tsiakas M. Zerjav Tansek M. R. Baumgartner 《Journal of inherited metabolic disease》2015,38(5):957-967
80.
Vitalba Ruggieri Francesca Agriesti Rosella Scrima Ilaria Laurenzana Donatella Perrone Tiziana Tataranni Carmela Mazzoccoli Lorenzo Lo Muzio Nazzareno Capitanio Claudia Piccoli 《Oncotarget》2015,6(2):1217-1230
Reprogramming of metabolism is a well-established property of cancer cells that is receiving growing attention as potential therapeutic target. Oral squamous cell carcinomas (OSCC) are aggressive and drugs-resistant human tumours displaying wide metabolic heterogeneity depending on their malignant genotype and stage of development. Dichloroacetate (DCA) is a specific inhibitor of the PDH-regulator PDK proved to foster mitochondrial oxidation of pyruvate. In this study we tested comparatively the effects of DCA on three different OSCC-derived cell lines, HSC-2, HSC-3, PE15. Characterization of the three cell lines unveiled for HSC-2 and HSC-3 a glycolysis-reliant metabolism whereas PE15 accomplished an efficient mitochondrial oxidative phosphorylation. DCA treatment of the three OSCC cell lines, at pharmacological concentrations, resulted in stimulation of the respiratory activity and caused a remarkably distinctive pro-apoptotic/cytostatic effect on HSC-2 and HSC-3. This was accompanied with a large remodeling of the mitochondrial network, never documented before, leading to organelle fragmentation and with enhanced production of reactive oxygen species. The data here presented indicate that the therapeutic efficacy of DCA may depend on the specific metabolic profile adopted by the cancer cells with those exhibiting a deficient mitochondrial oxidative phosphorylation resulting more sensitive to the drug treatment. 相似文献