提高住院患者健康教育知晓率

引入QC小组活动,遵循PDCA循环,使住院患者健康教育知晓率由活动前的84.65%提高到活动后的98.09%。QC小组活动可持续改进健康教育质量,提升患者满意度。     

牧区生活饮用水贾第鞭毛虫和隐孢子虫的调查

目的了解牧区生活饮用水贾第鞭毛虫和隐孢子虫的污染状况。方法于2014年6—7月,采集随机抽取的赤峰市翁牛特旗8所幼儿园和18户家庭的生活饮用水水样以及辖区内的2条河流和1个水库的环境水样,检测贾第鞭毛虫、隐孢子虫、浑浊度、色度、p H值、总大肠菌群和耐热大肠菌群。结果幼儿园水样中贾第鞭毛虫的检出率为62.5%,均未超标;隐孢子虫的检出率为62.5%,超标率为12.5%。家庭水样中贾第鞭毛虫的检出率为50%,均未超标;隐孢子虫的检出率为27.8%,均未超标。26份饮用水样中浑浊度、色度和总大肠菌群的超标率分别为23.08%,26.92%和19.23%,耐热大肠菌群无超标。3份环境水样均检出贾第鞭毛虫、隐孢子虫和总大肠菌群。水中贾第鞭毛虫、总大肠菌群均与隐孢子虫呈显著正相关(rs分别为0.682、0.495,均P0.01);水中贾第鞭毛虫、隐孢子虫均与耐热大肠菌呈显著正相关(rs分别为0.441、0.463,均P0.05)。结论本次调查牧区的生活饮用水和环境水体均存在原虫污染,可能与粪便污染有关。     

养老护理员心理健康状况影响因素分析

目的了解养老护理员心理健康状况及其影响因素。方法采用症状自评量表(SCL-90)及自设问卷对养老护理员进行问卷调查,数据用SPSS19.0软件进行统计分析。结果养老护理员SCL-90各项因子分均高于常模,其中躯体化、抑郁、焦虑、敌对性、恐怖因子分及阳性项目数显著高于常模(P<0.01、P<0.05)。影响养老护理员心理健康水平的因素主要有年龄、健康状况、工作年限、工作岗位、收入水平、劳动合同、职业培训、职业资格证。结论养老护理员心理健康状况低于普通成人,应采取有效措施予以干预。     

2种生化检测系统电解质结果比对分析研究

目的 :探讨贝克曼C-800全自动生化分析仪和越华MI921电解质分析仪血清电解质检测结果的可比性。方法:选择2014年1月至2014年3月符合纳入标准的病例,分别采用贝克曼C-800全自动生化分析仪和越华MI921电解质分析仪对血清中钾、钠、氯的含量进行检测,并将结果进行比对分析。结果:贝克曼C-800全自动生化分析仪与越华MI921电解质分析仪的钾、钠、氯检测结果比对分析所得到的回归方程分别为:y=0.967x+0.123、y=0.994x+0.975、y=0.811x+19.42;2种电解质检测系统的钾、钠、氯的相关系数(r)分别为0.990、0.976、0.952。结论 :贝克曼C-800全自动生化分析仪和越华MI921电解质分析仪的钾、钠、氯检测结果具有良好的相关性。     

橡皮圈组织夹内牵引辅助在内镜黏膜下 剥离术治疗结直肠病变中的应用（含视频）

目的评价橡皮圈组织夹内牵引辅助内镜黏膜下剥离术（rubber band and clip facilitated endoscopic submucosal dissection, RAC ESD）治疗结直肠病变的安全性和有效性。方法采用回顾性队列研究方法,分析2018年9月—2019年8月间在北京大学第一医院内镜中心接受内镜黏膜下剥离术（endoscopic submucosal dissection,ESD)治疗,符合纳入和排除标准的115例结直肠病变患者,依照ESD手术方式分为RAC ESD组（n=34）及传统ESD组（n=81）,比较两组间手术时间、单位时间切除面积、整块切除率、完全切除率、治愈性切除率、并发症发生率及肿瘤复发率等指标。结果RAC ESD组中位标本面积632(753) cm2,中位手术时间400(550) min,中位单位时间切除面积014(020) cm2/min。传统ESD组中位标本面积471(502) cm2,中位手术时间500(500) min,中位单位时间切除面积009(007) cm2/min。RAC ESD组标本面积略大于传统ESD组,手术时间略短于传统ESD组,但差异均无统计学意义（P均＞005）。RAC ESD组单位时间切除面积明显大于传统ESD组（P=0008）。RAC ESD组整块切除率、完全切除率及治愈性切除率分别为1000%（34/34）、1000%（34/34）及971%（33/34）,传统ESD组分别为1000%（81/81）、963%（78/81）和914%（74/81）。两组均无操作相关并发症发生。经过（100±55）个月随访,两组均无局部复发。结论RAC ESD治疗结直肠病变可提高手术效率,安全有效。     

内镜黏膜下剥离术治疗SiewertⅡ型胃食管交界早期癌及癌前病变的临床分析

目的 探讨内镜黏膜下剥离术（endoscopic submucosal resection,ESD）治疗胃食管交界早期癌及癌前病变的安全性和有效性。方法 回顾性分析2012年7月—2019年6月间在北京大学第一医院内镜中心接受ESD治疗的67例SiewertⅡ型胃食管交界早期癌及癌前病变患者资料,对病变的临床病理特征、整块切除率、完全切除率、治愈性切除率、并发症发生率进行统计分析,并对可能影响治愈性切除的因素进行分析。结果 67例病变中隆起型病变5例,浅表型病变59例,凹陷型病变3例。病变中位直径1.6(1.8)cm,中位手术时间60.0(56.0)min。整块切除率97.0%（65/67）,完全切除率91.0%（61/67）,治愈性切除率82.1%（55/67）。肿瘤最大径（OR=8.457,95%CI：1.227~58.302,P=0.030）及病理类型（OR=15.133,95%CI：1.518~150.870,P=0.021）与非治愈性切除相关。3例（4.5%）患者发生ESD相关并发症,1例术后迟发出血,内镜下止血后好转;2例术后瘢痕狭窄,内镜引导下探条扩张后好转。58例随访患者中1例垂直切缘阳性且未接受后续治疗的患者出现复发;1例患者随访中发现异时性早期胃癌,再次ESD切除。结论 ESD治疗胃食管交界早期癌及癌前病变安全有效,操作前应对病变大小、边界、浸润深度进行准确评判,制定适宜的治疗方式及手术策略。     

Predictive value of blood concentration of biologics on endoscopic inactivity in inflammatory bowel disease: A systematic review

BACKGROUND Although blood concentration of biologics is an important composition of disease management in inflammatory bowel disease(IBD)patients,complexity and uncertainty of biological management encourage many disputes in predicting the outcome of IBD patients through blood concentration of biologics.AIM To verify the predictive value of blood concentration of biologics on endoscopic inactivity in IBD patients under different situations.METHODS We searched PubMed/MEDLINE,Embase,and Web of Science up to May 2020 and identified IBD patients as the research cohort as well as the correlations between blood concentration of biologics and endoscopic inactivity in IBD patients as the research direction.RESULTS A total of 23 articles with 30 clinical studies and 1939 IBD patients were included.The predictive cut-off value of blood concentration of infliximab on mucosal healing should be 2.7-10.6μg/mL in IBD.Blood concentration of infliximab reaching 5.0-12.7μg/mL or more increased the probability of fistula healing/closure in perianal fistulizing Crohn's disease.Blood concentration of adalimumab reaching 7.2-16.2μg/mL or more could predict mucosal healing in IBD.The predictive cut-off value of blood concentration of adalimumab on fistula healing/closure should be 5.9-9.8μg/mL in perianal fistulizing Crohn's disease.Blood concentration of vedolizumab surpassing 25.0μg/mL indicated mucosal healing in ulcerative colitis patients under maintenance therapy and the predictive cut-off value of blood concentration on mucosal healing or endoscopic remission under induction therapy in IBD could be 8.0-28.9μg/mL.CONCLUSION Blood concentration of biologics should not be utilized to predict endoscopic inactivity of IBD independently due to discrepancies in clinical studies,whereas conducting therapeutic drug monitoring intensively contributes to precise therapy.     

整体护理对恶性肿瘤患者心理状态的影响及分析

目的　探讨整体护理对恶性肿瘤患者心理状态的影响。方法　将 15 5 3例恶性肿瘤患者分为整体护理组 (观察组 ,348例 )及传统护理组 (对照组 ,1185例 )。采用心理调查表和自行编制的一般情况调查表 ,对两组患者进行心理、焦虑自评量表 (SAS)、抑郁自评量表 (SDS)及一般状况调查。全部数据用 EXCEL建立数据库 ,并以SPSS进行相应统计学处理 ,调查结果采用秩和检验、多元回归分析。结果　观察组 SAS及 SDS评分分别为 (4 6 .96± 8.4 9)、(4 8.86± 11.0 4 )分 ;对照组分别为 (4 9.0 3± 10 .31)、(5 0 .80± 12 .2 7)分 ,两组比较 P均 <0 .0 1。两种护理模式对患者焦虑、抑郁影响的多因素回归分析结果差异亦有显著性。结论　整体护理对改善恶性肿瘤患者心理状态有明显效果     

Development of the coronary arteries in a murine model of transposition of great arteries

Transposition of great arteries in humans is associated with a wide spectrum of coronary artery patterns. However, no information is available about how this pattern diversity develops. We have studied the development of the coronary arteries in mouse embryos with a targeted mutation of perlecan, a mutation that leads to ventriculo-arterial discordance and complete transposition in about 70% of the embryos. The perlecan-deficient embryos bearing complete transposition showed a coronary artery pattern consisting of right and left coronary arteries arising from the morphologically dorsal and ventral sinuses of Valsalva, respectively. The left coronary artery gives rise to a large septal artery and runs along the ventral margin of the pulmonary root. In the earliest embryos where transposition could be confirmed (12.5 d post coitum), a dense subepicardial vascular plexus is located in this ventral margin. In wild-type mice, however, capillaries are very scarce on the ventral surface of the pulmonary root and the left coronary artery runs dorsally to this root. We suggest that the establishment of the diverse coronary artery patterns is determined by the anatomical arrangement and the capillary density of the peritruncal vascular plexus, a plexus that spreads from the atrio-ventricular groove and grows around the aortic or pulmonary roots depending on the degree of the short-axis aortopulmonary rotation. This simple model, based on very few assumptions, might explain all the observed variation of the coronary artery patterns in humans with transposition, as well as our observations on the perlecan-deficient and the normal mice.