Heart involvement in hepatolenticular degeneration

The case of a 10-year-old boy with a mild abdominal form of hepatolenticular degeneration, showing clinical, laboratory and histological manifestations of heart involvement is reported. The microscopical examination of myocardial fragments collected by intracavitary puncture biopsy, using hematoxylin-eosine and the histochemical method with rubeanic acid, showed a medium degree of myocardial damage and the presence of copper deposition in the tissue. Copper concentration on a myocardial biopsy fragment was almost 10 times the normal heart content. Comments are made on the relationship of the clinical, laboratory and pathological findings with the degree of copper storage on the myocardium.     

Enteritis due toStrongyloides stercoralis

Summary The authors present 5 fatal cases of strongyloidiasis, and analyze in particular the morphologic changes in the small intestine. They stress the possibility that the disease may occur in 3 anatomoclinical forms, namely, catarrhal enteritis, edematous enteritis, and ulcerative enteritis. In their analysis of the pathogenic mechanisms, they lay particular emphasis on lymphatic obstruction due to larval migration, leading to edema of the walls of the organ and enlargement of the villi. Attention is also drawn to the deterioration of the host organism, which may or may not be caused by the parasitism, and which is responsible for the maintenance of a vicious circle which invariably leads to death.     

Freeze-substitution of Drosophila heads for subsequent [3H]2-deoxyglucose autoradiography

High resolution of [3H]2-deoxyglucose labelling was obtained in autoradiographs of Drosophila brains after freeze-substitution in anhydrous acetone at -76 degrees C. This method was applied to preparations which received visual, olfactory and mechanosensory stimulation. The autoradiographs were compared to those obtained after freeze-drying. Freeze-substitution, which has proved to be technically simple, rapid and inexpensive, yields a good quality of tissue preservation and hence is recommended for tissue dehydration prior to autoradiography.     

Anterior chamber cleavage syndrome. A stepladder classification

This paper classifies the abnormalities of the anterior chamber cleavage syndrome (mesodermal dysgenesis of the iris and cornea). The anatomic findings are arranged in a tabular stepladder fashion which builds from simple to more complex combinations, most of which have been previously known by eponyms. There are three groups of anomalies: 1) peripheral, 2) central, and 3) combinations of the two. 1) The peripheral anomalies consist of a prominent Schwalbe's ring, iris strands to Schwalbe's ring, and hypoplasia of the anterior iris stroma. Developmental glaucoma is commonly present. 2) The essential feature of the central anomalies is a defect in the corneal endothelium and Descemet's membrane with an overlying corneal opacity. Additional components include central iridocorneal adhesions, keratolenticular approximation with cataract, and scleralization of the cornea. Chorioretinal anomalies, developmental glaucoma, and systemic malformations may be present. 3) Central and peripheral combinations may exist in the same eye, in both eyes of the same patient, or within the same family.     

Respiratory arrhythmias produced by purified scorpion toxin

Bilateral section of vagi nerves and denervation of carotid bodies prevented the gasping, ataxic and periodic respirations produced by purified scorpion toxin (Tityus serrulatus) in the rat. The apnea recorded in intact rats after toxin injection was of long duration in comparison with that observed in denervated animals. Bilateral vagotomy abolished the apnea observed between gasping respirations. It is concluded that the respiratory arrhythmias produced by scorpion toxin in the rat are mainly due to stimulation of peripheral receptors and are, therefore, reflex in nature.     

The role of surgery in stage IIIA non-small cell lung cancer

For most patients who have stage III non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC), a combination of chemotherapy and radiation represents the current treatment of choice. Recent developments include the use of adjuvant chemotherapy after up-front surgery in subgroups of patients who have stage III disease, as well as innovative ways to deliver concurrent chemoradiotherapy or combinations of chemotherapy with higher-dose conformal radiotherapy techniques. This article focuses on patients who have stage IIIA NSCLC and reviews the different possibilities for their treatment. Special emphasis is given to the inclusion of surgery into the different approaches to this disease stage. The current literature on this topic is reviewed, and the different aspects of surgical treatment in the management of stage IIIA NSCLC are discussed.     

Efficacy and toxicity of intermediate-dose amphotericin B lipid complex as a primary or salvage treatment of fungal infections in patients with hematological malignancies

We treated 74 adults with a hematological malignancy and documented or suspected invasive fungal infection (IFI) with amphotericin B lipid complex (ABLC) at 3 mg/kg/day. Forty-five patients (61%) received upfront therapy and 29 patients (39%) received salvage therapy for their IFI. Forty-eight of 71 evaluable patients responded [complete responses in 40 (56%) and partial responses in 8 (11%)] and 15 (21%) died as a consequence of the IFI. Response rates in invasive aspergillosis were 33 out of 49 (67%) for probable/definite cases and 6 out of 11 (55%) for invasive candidiasis. In 40 patients with neutropenia-associated IFI, rapid neutropenic recovery ( < 10 days from study entry) was essential for response to therapy (90% vs. 32%, P < 0.01). Treatment was well tolerated, with 15% infusions followed by infusion-related adverse events, nephrotoxicity in 7% of patients and 11% of withdrawals due to toxicity. These data suggest that intermediate-doses of ABLC may be of similar efficacy than higher doses with less toxicity, making it a cost-effective alternative worthy of study in future trials.