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61.
62.
Kenneth L. Robey Linda Beckley Matthew Kirschner 《Journal of developmental and physical disabilities》2006,18(4):441-453
This study serves as a preliminary investigation of implicit (unconscious) attitudes that associate disability with child-like
features. A version of the Implicit Association Test was developed to assess the implicit association of disability-related
words with words related to childhood. In order to assess its psychometric properties, this “infantilization IAT” was administered,
along with a more evaluative IAT and measures of more explicit attitudes, two times over the course of three to five days
to 30 staff persons of a facility that serves persons with multiple disabilities. The study's results: (1) Support the notion
that individuals tend to implicitly associate disability-related words with words connoting childhood or child-like features;
(2) Suggest that the infantilization IAT assesses attitudes that might not be captured through more traditional measurement
strategies, and (3) Demonstrate divergent validity of the infantilization IAT when compared to results of the evaluative IAT,
but (4) Also suggest relatively low test-retest reliability of the infantilization IAT. 相似文献
63.
Williams TN; Maitland K; Phelps L; Bennett S; Peto TE; Viji J; Timothy R; Clegg JB; Weatherall DJ; Bowden DK 《QJM : monthly journal of the Association of Physicians》1997,90(12):751-757
We studied the aetiology of malnutrition in a cohort of 1511 children <
10 years old in Espiritu Santo, Vanuatu. Malnutrition was categorized using
standard anthropometric criteria as: underweight [weight-for-age (WA) Z
score < -2], wasting [weight-for-height (WH) Z < -2], or stunting
[height-for-age (HA) Z < -2]. On multiple logistic regression analysis,
the only factors significantly associated with wasting were age < 5
years [OR (95% CI) 1.8 (1.2-2.9), p = 0.01] and having suffered one or more
episodes of clinical P. vivax malaria in the 6 months preceding nutritional
assessment [OR 2.4 (1.3-4.4), p = 0.006]. The incidence of P. vivax
infection was significantly higher during the 6 months preceding assessment
in underweight vs. non-underweight children [incidence rate ratio (IRR) 2.6
(1.5-4.4), p < or = 0.0001). These groups had similar incidences of
clinical P. falciparum infection during the same period [IRR 1.1 (0.57-2.1)
p = 0.8] and of either species during the 6 months following assessment
[IRR P. vivax 1.3 (0.9- 2.0) p = 0.2; IRR P. falciparum 1.3 (0.9-1.9) p =
0.2]. In these children, P. vivax malaria was a major predictor of acute
malnutrition; P. falciparum was not. Wasting neither predisposed to nor
protected against malaria of either species. Although P. vivax malaria is
generally regarded as benign, it may produce considerable global mortality
through malnutrition.
相似文献
64.
Walker AS; Peto TE; Babiker AG; Darbyshire JH 《QJM : monthly journal of the Association of Physicians》1998,91(6):423-438
The Concorde trial compared immediate (Imm) with deferred (Def) AZT
monotherapy in asymptomatic HIV-positive participants. Haematological and
immunological markers and weight were measured throughout, and correlated
with clinical endpoints. Markers associated with disease progression (CD4
lymphocyte count and percentage, platelets, p24 antigen and beta 2
microglobulin favoured Imm: those associated with toxicity (haemoglobin,
neutrophils and white cell count) favoured Def. CD8 and total lymphocyte
count did not differ significantly between groups. In multivariate
analysis, the combination of baseline CD4, p24 antigen and beta 2m was the
best baseline predictor of disease. Including change in CD4 and beta 2m at
12 weeks, or changes over follow- up in these markers significantly
improved the fit. Markers were also incorporated into the definition of
'clinical' endpoints. Hazard ratio estimates from end-points that included
CD4 < 50 and CD4 < 25 were closest to those for AIDS or death alone,
but added very few extra events. Use of other landmark CD4 counts (100 or
greater) or relative decreases in counts (25% or more) increased the number
of events, but overestimated the effect of immediate AZT. Although AZT had
a beneficial effect on the surrogate markers of efficacy evaluated, these
changes did not predict clinical outcome, nor could the markers be usefully
incorporated into an endpoint definition.
相似文献
65.
T. T. KELLER C. NAGEL H. TE VELTHUIS† V. E. A. GERDES N. J. WAREHAM‡ S. A. BINGHAM§ R. LUBEN¶ C. E. HACK P. H. REITSMA†† M. LEVI K. T. KHAW¶ S. M. BOEKHOLDT‡‡ 《Journal of thrombosis and haemostasis》2006,4(11):2391-2396
INTRODUCTION: Tissue factor (TF) has been implicated in coronary artery disease (CAD). High levels of circulating TF are found in patients with acute atherothrombotic events. Whether high serum TF levels predict risk of future CAD independent of known risk factors remains unknown. METHODS: We conducted a prospective case-control study nested in the European Prospective Investigation into Cancer and Nutrition (EPIC)-Norfolk population study. Cases (n=1037) were apparently healthy men and women, aged 45-79 years, who developed fatal or non-fatal CAD during follow-up. Controls (n=2005) were matched by age, sex, and enrolment time. Serum TF levels were measured using high-affinity antibodies. RESULTS: In men, median TF levels were not significant higher in cases than in controls (59.0 pg mL-1, range: 16.7-370.4 vs. 54.9 pg mL-1, range: 16.2-452.4). In women, median TF levels were not significant higher in controls than in cases (73.4 pg mL-1, range: 16.7-492.3 vs. 50.5 pg mL-1, range: 16.5-376.7). The incidence of smoking was about double in the lowest compared with the highest TF quartile. Correcting for sex, age, body mass index, smoking, diabetes, systolic blood pressure, low-density lipoprotein-cholesterol, high-density lipoprotein-cholesterol and C-reactive protein levels, the risk of future CAD was 1.05 (95% CI: 0.81-1.36) for people in the highest TF quartile, compared with those in the lowest (P-value for linearity=0.8). CONCLUSION: High levels of serum TF were not independently associated with an increased risk of future CAD in apparently healthy individuals. 相似文献
66.
Absence of cytotoxic antibody to human immunodeficiency virus-infected cells in humans and its induction in animals after infection or immunization with purified envelope glycoprotein gp120. 总被引:3,自引:3,他引:3
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P L Nara W G Robey M A Gonda S G Carter P J Fischinger 《Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America》1987,84(11):3797-3801
The presence of antibody-dependent complement-mediated cytotoxicity (ACC) was assessed in humans and chimpanzees, which are capable of infection with human immunodeficiency virus isolate HTLV-IIIb, and examined in the goat after immunization with the major viral glycoprotein (gp120) of HTLV-IIIb. In infected humans no antibody mediating ACC was observed regardless of the status of disease. Even healthy individuals with high-titer, broadly reactive, neutralizing antibodies had no ACC. In contrast, chimpanzees infected with HTLV-IIIb, from whom virus could be isolated, not only had neutralizing antibody but also antibodies broadly reactive in ACC, even against distantly related human immunodeficiency virus isolates, as well as against their own reisolated virus. In the goat, the gp120 of HTLV-IIIb induced a highly type-specific response as measured by both ACC and flow cytofluorometry of live infected H9 cells. Normal human cells were not subject to ACC by animal anti-HTLV-III gp120-specific sera. Induction of ACC and neutralizing antibody were closely correlated in the animal experimental models but not in humans. The presence of ACC in gp120-inoculated goats and HTLV-III-infected chimpanzees represents a qualitative difference that may be important in the quest for the elicitation of a protective immunity in humans. 相似文献
67.
The biocompatibility of nine different white cell filters was examined by analysis of complement activation in plasma specimens obtained from blood components before and after filtration. Filters for both red cell (RBC) concentrates and platelet concentrates (PCs) were tested. It was found in all of the filters tested that the postfiltration levels of complement activation products were not higher than the prefiltration levels in RBC concentrates and PCs. One exception was the filtration of multiple PCs with Imugard IG-500, in which case a rise in C3 activation products was seen. Moreover, there was a significant rise in C3 activation products, but not the terminal complement complex, when plasma was filtered through Imugard E, which contrasted with results with the other filters. High initial and storage time-dependent levels, especially of C3 activation products, were observed in the PCs, probably due to their processing at room temperature. It can be concluded that the majority of the filters tested do not activate complement. 相似文献
68.
Platelet concentrates stored for 5 days in a reduced volume of plasma maintain hemostatic function and viability 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
BACKGROUND: Platelet concentrates prepared from whole blood are generally suspended in a standard volume of 50 to 60 mL of plasma and can be stored thus at 20 to 24 degrees C for up to 5 days. In vitro studies suggested that this plasma volume could be reduced to 30 to 35 mL without impairing platelet function. STUDY DESIGN AND METHODS: This study evaluated whether platelets stored for 5 days in a reduced volume (30-35 mL) of plasma maintained their in vivo viability, hemostatic function, and recovery in recipients. Paired autologous platelet survival studies were done in 20 adult volunteers to assess platelet viability. A rabbit ear bleeding-time model was used to compare the hemostatic effectiveness of human platelet concentrates stored for 5 days in the standard or reduced volume of plasma. Platelet recovery was compared in thrombocytopenic hospital patients. RESULTS: Paired platelet survival studies indicated no significant difference between the values in platelet concentrates stored for 5 days in the reduced volume of plasma and the values in those stored in the standard volume. In the animal model, there was no significant difference in the bleeding times achieved by either set of platelet concentrates. The platelet count increments in thrombocytopenic patients were measured. The platelet count increments in patients who received reduced-volume platelet concentrates were as good as the increments achieved in patients given standard-volume concentrates. CONCLUSION: The in vivo viability, recovery, and hemostatic function of platelets collected in polyvinylchloride plastic containers and stored in 30 to 35 mL of plasma for 5 days are maintained as well as those of platelets stored in 50 to 60 mL of plasma. 相似文献
69.
Robey RB 《JAMA : the journal of the American Medical Association》2012,307(15):1578; author reply 1579-1578; author reply 1580
70.