波尔山羊重复超排效果的研究

对 2 0只波尔山羊实施两次超排处理。其结果如下 :1.第 1次超排处理时 2 0只供体羊全部发情并进行采卵 ,超排有效率为 10 0 % ;平均排卵数为 2 0 .2 5枚 /只 ,平均采集胚胎数 19.2 5枚 /只 ,平均采集可用胚胎数为 17.3枚 /只 ;第 2次超排处理时有 3只羊推迟发情 ,超排有效率为 85 % ;平均排卵数 19.2 9枚 /只 ,平均采集胚胎数 18.5 3枚 /只 ,平均采集可用胚胎数 17.35枚 /只 ;2 .两次超排所获得的平均可用胚胎数差异不显著(p >0 .0 5 )。     

二硫代氨基甲酸吡咯烷诱导人肝癌细胞凋亡的铜离子依赖性机制

目的：测定二硫代氨基甲酸吡咯烷（PDTC）处理对人肝癌细胞Hep3B凋亡的诱导作用及Cu^2 对这种作用的影响。方法：运用细胞增殖力、膜损伤、DNA片断化、细胞周期DNA含量测定分析PDTC对人肝癌细胞株Hep3B细胞的增殖抑制及凋亡诱导作用及Cu^2 在其中发挥的作用。结果：PDTC处理后，细胞增殖能力显著下降。乳酸脱氢酶（LDH）分析显示细胞膜并没有被破坏，DNA凝胶电泳及细胞周期DNA含量测定发现明显的凋亡特征性DNA片断及亚G1峰，显示细胞增殖能力的降低源于细胞凋亡的发生。低浓度Cu^2 显著加强了PDTC的细胞增殖抑制及凋亡诱导作用，而Cu^2 络合剂Bathocuproine disulfonate(BCS)显著抑制PDTC的两种作用。结论：PDTC铜离子依赖性地抑制人肝癌细胞增殖并诱导细胞凋亡。     

中心静脉压联合全心舒张末容积指数指导感染性休克患者容量治疗的效果

目的 评价中心静脉压(CVP)联合全心舒张末容积指数(GEDVI)指导感染性休克患者容量治疗的效果.方法 感染性休克患者23例,性别不煨,年龄18～64岁,休克时间＜6h,急性生理和慢性健康状况评分13～31分,采用随机数字表法,将其随机分为2组:CVP指导容量治疗组(Ⅰ组,n=12)和CVP联合GEDVI指导容量治疗组(Ⅱ组,n=11).2组均静脉输注生理盐水和6％羟乙基淀粉200/0.5,晶体液和胶体液的比例为1∶(0.5 ～ 1.0),输注速率800～ 1600 ml/h,容量治疗过程中Ⅰ组维持CVP8～ 12mmHg;Ⅱ组维持CVP＞8 mm Hg和GEDVI 600 ～ 750 ml/m2.分别于容量治疗前及容量治疗开始后6h时采集动脉及中心静脉的血样,测定血乳酸浓度和中心静脉血氧饱和度(ScvO2),计算乳酸和ScvO2的变化率.结果 与Ⅰ组比较,Ⅱ组乳酸变化率升高(P＜0.05),ScvO2变化率差异无统计学意义(P＞0.05).结论 与CVP指导容量治疗比较,CVP联合GEDVI指导感染性休克患者容量治疗时可增加组织灌注,其效果较好.     

改良颈腮腺入路切除咽旁间隙高位良性肿瘤

目的 探讨改良颈腮腺入路在高位咽旁间隙良性肿瘤手术中的应用疗效。 方法 7例咽旁间隙良性肿瘤患者,术前影像学检查提示为高位、肿瘤巨大、哑铃型且边界欠清,采用改良颈腮腺入路术式,解剖辨认面神经总干及颞面干后,于外耳道软骨前方、腮腺的后缘以及颞面干的上方间隙向深部分离至肿瘤上极,剥离子分离并下压肿瘤与下方常规颈部自下而上肿瘤游离会师后,从颌下区取出肿瘤。腮腺浅叶不切除,面神经分支不做过多解剖。 结果 所有患者均一次性完整切除肿瘤;术后病理示多形性腺瘤6例,神经鞘瘤1例;术中出血均少于300 mL;1例患者出现术后同侧眼睑轻度闭合障碍,两周后完全正常;所有患者面容美学保存理想。 结论 对于高位咽旁间隙良性肿瘤采用改良颈腮腺入路术式,不仅可以安全完整地切除肿瘤,同时由于减少了面神经及腮腺浅叶的处置,术后相关神经并发症及腮腺区凹陷性改变的发生率下降。     

Peptidyl membrane-interactive molecules are cytotoxic to prostatic cancer cells in vitro

Cytotoxic membrane disruption via lytic peptides is a well-recognized mechanism of immune surveillance for antifungal and antibacterial host protection. Naturally occurring lytic peptides were shown to exhibit antitumor activity as well. Peptidyl membrane-interactive molecules (MIMs) are synthetic lytic peptides specifically designed to maximize antitumor activity. We tested nine novel Peptidyl MIMs for activity against four androgen-insensitive prostate-cancer cell lines using a standard microculture tetrazolium (MTT) assay. Five Peptidyl MIMs known to form alpha-helical secondary structures were active against prostate carcinoma and were chosen for further study. Three peptides configured in beta-pleated sheets were noticeably less effective. Concentrations lethal to 50% of the prostate-cancer cell lines treated (D₅₀ values) with the five chosen Peptidyl MIMs ranged from 0.6 to 1.8 μM. For comparison, two alpha-helically structured peptides, D2A21 and DP1E, were tested on several other cancer types: breast (n = 2), colon (n = 2), bladder, cervical and lung carcinomas (n = 1 each). Resulting LD₅₀ values obtained in breast carcinoma cells were significantly higher (P < 0.05) than those observed in prostate cancer cells. LD₅₀ values recorded for D2A21 and DP1E in cervical, colon, bladder, and lung cancer lines were similar to those obtained in prostate cancer cells. As compared with cisplatin, a standard chemotherapeutic drug, the LD₅₀ values recorded for D2A21 were significantly lower (P < 0.04) in prostate-cancer cell lines, suggesting the therapeutic efficacy of Peptidyl MIMs. These data demonstrate for the first time the cytotoxic potential of Peptidyl MIMs against prostate cancer cells and suggest a dependence on a specific secondary alpha-helical structure of the peptide.     

Cystic fibrosis and the phenotypic expression of autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease

Recent experiments in cultured cyst epithelial cells from kidneys of patients with autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease (ADPKD) have shown that the cystic fibrosis (CF) transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR) is present in the apical surface of these cells and mediates chloride (Cl-) and fluid secretion in vitro. To determine whether the presence of CF with the expression of mutated CFTR proteins modifies cyst formation in ADPKD, we studied a large family with both inherited diseases. ADPKD in this family is linked to PKD1. The family is composed of 26 members; 11 members with ADPKD, 4 members with CF, and 2 members with both diseases. Renal volumes measured by computerized tomography (CT), calculated creatinine clearances, and other clinical parameters in the family members with ADPKD and CF were compared with those in the family members with ADPKD alone, as well as to a large population of patients with ADPKD. The patients with CF and ADPKD, but not the CF heterozygote carriers with ADPKD, had less severe polycystic kidney and liver disease, as indicated by normal renal function; smaller renal volume, even when corrected for height and body surface area; and the absence of hypertension and liver cysts. These observations suggest that the coexistence of CF may reduce the severity of ADPKD.     

咪达唑仑复合氯胺酮应用于小儿基础麻醉的临床探讨

 目的 探讨应用咪达唑仑复合氯胺酮不同给药方法在小儿基础麻醉中的优化方案.方法 200例1～6岁,ASAⅠ～Ⅱ级患儿随机分成以下五组:A组为口服咪达唑仑0.7 mg/kg;B组为口服氯胺酮8 mg/kg;C组为肌注氯胺酮5mg/kg;D组为口服咪达唑仑0.5 mg/kg和氯胺酮4 mg/kg;E组为先口服咪达唑仑0.5 mg/kg,再肌注氯胺酮4 mg/kg.观察各组诱导结果及呼吸循环变化、不良反应.结果 ①A组与B组比较,A组起效更快(P<0.01),合作更好,不良反应较少;②A组、B组均比C组更合作,但不如C组起效更快;③D组和E组相比,患儿更合作,不良反应更少,但起效更慢,两组诱导效果无显著差异(P>0.05).结论 咪达唑仑复合氯胺酮优于单独给药,对循环呼吸影响小;口服给药可行性更佳.