Non-A Non-B Hepatitis and the Safety of Intravenous Immune Globulin, pH 4.2: A Retrospective Survey:

Abstract. Evidence for transmission of non-A non-B hepatitis (NANB) was sought in 41 patients with primary immune deficiency who were receiving human intravenous immune globulin (IGIV) over periods ranging from 6 to 15 months at a monthly dosage of 400 mg/kg body weight. One lot of a reduced and alkylated IGIV and three lots of a nonmodified preparation stabilized at pH 4.2 were used. No evidence of NANB was found, although transient elevations in serum glutamic pyruvic transaminase (alanine aminotransferase) were found in 6 of the patients. The possible causes of the elevated levels in these 6 patients are discussed.     

Cultural considerations for Canadians in the diagnosis of brain death

PURPOSE: This articles explores cultural perceptions and values related to brain death and organ donation from both a Western and non-Western perspective. SOURCE: Anthropological literature review of the historical concept of brain death in Canada using Eastern culture as a comparison. Principal findings: Although the concept of brain death and concomitant organ donation have become widely practiced in Western nations such as Canada, from a cross-cultural point of view these concepts and practices can be deeply troubling and may hold profoundly different meaning to people new to Canada. CONCLUSIONS: Canada has a deep commitment and obligation to respect diversity as reflected in the Canadian Charter of Rights and Freedoms. Therefore, healthcare workers have an obligation to respect cultural differences. To truly respect cultural differences we must first explore our own culturally formulated belief systems and then consider how our views may interface with other cultures. Our findings call for a greater analysis of the cultural influences on the concept of brain death and organ donation as a means of building a better understanding and respect for cultural diversity.     

Pediatric urinary tract infection

Urinary tract infections (UTI) are one of the most common and serious infections among pediatric patients in the emergency department. Detection of UTI requires a systematic approach to urine testing and an understanding of the limitations to common screening tests. Proper culturing techniques are essential to the diagnosis. Accurate diagnosis and prompt treatment can reduce morbidity associated with UTIs.