侵及颈总动脉病变的手术治疗

目的探讨侵及颈总动脉病变的手术方法及注意事项。方法分析11例资料完整的患者资料,包括喉癌喉3/4切除术后复发1例,结核性颈总动脉瘤破裂大出血1例,医源性颈总动脉瘤1例,颈动脉体瘤3例,甲状腺癌侵及颈总动脉1例,颈部肿瘤侵及颈总动脉2例,颈总动脉离断伤1例,气性坏疽1例。结果上述病例中,2例完成肿瘤切除,颈总动脉重建;2例术中应用Shunt转流管,完成肿瘤切除;1例颈外伤,行颈总动脉结扎;1例医源性颈总动脉瘤患者,行动脉瘤切除,颈总动脉修补;甲状腺癌患者分离颈总动脉并切除部分气管侧壁完成肿瘤切除及应用颈前肌气管修补;2例颈部肿瘤保留颈总动脉切除肿瘤;1例气性坏疽患者颈部切开减压。结论侵及颈总动脉病变的手术治疗,主要有下列3种形式：①切除肿瘤及颈总动脉、颈动脉重建;②切除肿瘤及颈总动脉,颈总动脉结扎;③分离颈总动脉切除肿瘤。     

Zephyr5826起搏器心房自动阈值管理的临床观察

目的动态观察Zephyr5826起搏器心房自动阈值管理(ACM)功能的开启情况、准确性及安全性。方法选取置入Zephyr5826起搏器患者68例,于置入术后第1,7天及1,2,3,6个月时随访程控,观察ACM功能的开启情况,手工测试心房起搏阈值并与ACM功能测定的值进行比较。结果 68例均完成随访。随访期内35例(51.50%)成功开启ACM功能,其中术后第1,7天及1,2,3个月时开启例数分别为14例(20.6%)、21例(30.9%)、26例(38.2%)、28例(41.2%)和32例(47.1%)。手工测试与ACM测试的心房阈值无差异。33例因起搏器自动测定心房刺激除极波(ER)过小不推荐开启ACM功能。随访期间心电图及动态心电图(Holter)均未见心房失夺获及感知不良。与普通电压和高电压起搏相比,自动阈值管理功能在心房输出方面分别节省50%,88%的能量消耗。结论 Zephyr5826起搏器ACM功能可以安全有效的应用低能量起搏心脏。部分患者术后因起搏器测定心房ER过小未能开启ACM功能,但在随访过程中ACM的开启比例逐渐升高。     

Dyna CT与Embolization Guidance技术在前列腺动脉栓塞中的应用

目的探讨Dyna CT与Embolization Guidance技术在前列腺动脉栓塞中的应用。方法收集我科使用SIEMENS Artis Zeego数字减影血管造影机检查和图像采集进行前列腺动脉栓塞的38例患者,用Dyna CT技术明确前列腺癌供血动脉与其他侧支的情况,Embolization Guidance技术指导进行安全性的前列腺癌供血动脉栓塞。结果 38例患者经两名高年资主任医师指导分别进行前列腺癌动脉栓塞术。Dyna CT联合DSA确认前列腺动脉65侧,比例达85.5%(65/76),其中24例患者显示双侧前列腺动脉,10例确认单侧前列腺动脉;前列腺动脉开口起源于髂内动脉38条,起源于闭孔动脉11条,起源于膀胱下动脉9条,起源于阴部内动脉5条,起源于直肠下动脉2条。利用Embolization Guidance技术完成前列腺动脉栓塞89.2%(58/65),其中24例患者完成双侧栓塞,10例完成单侧栓塞,4例因血管迂曲不能进行超选择栓塞。结论 Dyna CT联合Embolization Guidance技术能够准确地显示前列腺优势供血动脉,在前列腺动脉栓塞治疗中具有重要的应用价值。     

执行海外医疗任务期间CT室检查533例病例分析

目的 分析"和谐使命-2011"任务期间医院船CT工作情况,了解任务期间不同人群特别是加勒比三国民众CT检查完成情况.方法 回顾性分析整个任务期问866船官兵、华人华侨、牙买加、特立尼达和多巴哥、哥斯达黎加三国民众CT检查部位及疾病检出情况.结果 整个任务期间共完成CT检查533例,最多的检查部位依次是头颈部(177)、脊柱(130)、腹部(126)、胸部(43),疾病检出率最高的部位依次是脊柱(87.1%)、腹部(73.0%)、四肢关节(59.0%)胸部(53.5%)、头颈部(46.3%).结论 三国民众对CT检查的需求旺盛,不同人群和来源患者CT检查部位和阳性率有一定差异,今后对外医疗服务时应加强病例选择、与外方医疗机构的沟通、合理安排医疗资源配置.并加强业务知识学习.医院船CT室有许多需要改善的方面,总结了"和谐使命-2011"任务期间的CT工作经验,为今后对外医疗服务任务积累了宝贵经验.     

2μm连续式激光治疗初发非肌层浸润性膀胱肿瘤的前瞻性随机对照研究

目的:通过与经尿道膀胱肿瘤切除术(TURBT)比较,探讨2μm连续式激光治疗初发非肌层浸润性膀胱肿瘤(NMIBC)的可行性。方法:通过前瞻性随机化分组方法,将2006年1月~2010年12月收治入院的400例初发膀胱肿瘤患者分为TURBT组及2μm连续式激光治疗组(TULVBT组),TURBT组行标准TURBT,TULVBT组采用2μm连续式激光汽化处理膀胱肿瘤后,以环形附件清理肿瘤基底部焦痂,随后改以膀胱镜行基底部活检。对疑有首次腔内手术肿瘤残余或术后病理缺少膀胱肌层者,于术后3~4周行重复TURBT(reTURBT)。所有患者每3个月随访膀胱镜至术后2年,随后改为每6个月1次。结果:共292例患者纳入本项研究,其中TURBT组143例,TULVBT组149例,两组肿瘤相关资料的差异无统计学意义(P0.05)。TURBT组手术时间(28.43±13.19)min,TULVBT组(31.51±12.80)min(P=0.044)。TURBT组中6例因闭孔反射致膀胱穿孔,其中1例中止手术,TULVBT组未出现严重术中并发症。44例接受re-TURBT,TURBT组17例(11.9%),TULVBT组27例(18.1%)(P=0.137),其中因切除物病理无肿瘤下膀胱肌层27例,TURBT组9例(6.3%),TULVBT组18例(12.1%)(P=0.088)。129例36个月内出现肿瘤复发,TURBT组61例(42.7%),TULVBT组68例(45.6%)(P=0.608)。平均无肿瘤复发生存时间TURBT组为(25.46±13.18)个月,TULVBT组(24.88±12.85)个月(P=0.729)。19例肿瘤进展,TURBT组11例(7.7%),TULVBT组8例(5.4%)(P=0.421)。结论:2μm连续式激光可作为治疗初发NMIBC的手段,辅以常规膀胱镜下活检即可获得较完整的肿瘤病理资料,可获得与TURBT相似的治疗效果。     

2010~2014年度大连市流感监测

目的分析大连市流感流行状况,为科学制定流感防控措施提供依据。方法对大连市2010~2014年度流感4个方面(流感样病例监测、病原学监测、血清学监测和流感样病例疫情监测)的监测结果进行描述性分析。结果 2010~2014年,流感样病例占门诊病例的比例分别为9.41%、5.84%、5.69%、5.02%、3.74%。流感样病例的年龄构成,15岁以下的占77.48%。流感病毒核酸检测平均阳性率为15.78%(952/6 033),流感病毒毒株平均分离率为3.98%(240/6 033)。其中,新甲H1型占29.58%,季H3型占32.92%,B型占37.50%。三家医疗机构甲型H1N1流感抗体平均阳性率为31.50%(349/1 108),儿童医院(40.20%)高于血液中心、中心医院(P<0.01)。0~、6~、18~、56~岁年龄组抗体阳性率分别为37.13%、47.86%、25.73%、19.11%,6~17岁年龄组最高(P<0.01);男性高于女性(P>0.05)、是否接种流感疫苗差异均无统计学意义(P>0.05)。5年共报告流感样病例暴发及聚集性疫情58起,其中,2010年度(2009.4至2010.3)报告学校聚集性疫情55起,实验室检测确认为新甲H1型流感疫情40起,季节性甲3型1起,B型2起。结论 2010~2014年大连市流感总体水平呈下降趋势。流感样病例主要集中在儿童。学校是防控重点。季甲3型、B型、新甲H1N1型混合存在。     

Evaluation of elastase and antielastase balance in patients with chronic bronchitis and pulmonary emphysema

On the basis of the "protease-antiprotease imbalance" theory for the pathogenesis of pulmonary emphysema, we hypothesized that measurement of elastase burden and antielastase capacity in the alveolar space might correlate with emphysema. To evaluate this, the severity of emphysema, the elastase burden, and the elastase inhibitory capacity were estimated in 28 patients with chronic bronchitis and variable degrees of emphysema, none of whom had congenital deficiency of alpha-1-protease inhibitor, and all of whom underwent bronchoalveolar lavage. Emphysema was assessed by both computed tomography and diffusing capacity. To examine "elastase burden," elastase:alpha-1-protease inhibitor complex and free elastase activity in alveolar lavage fluids were measured. To evaluate "antielastase" capacity, elastase inhibiting capacity in alveolar lavage fluid was measured. Elastase burden correlated directly and antielastase capacity correlated inversely with emphysema. These data provide direct support for the "protease-antiprotease imbalance" theory of emphysema in a group of smokers without congenital deficiency of alpha-1-protease inhibitor.     

A prospective clinical study of theophylline safety in 3810 elderly with asthma or COPD

A large-scale prospective study was conducted in 3810 Japanese elderly (> or =65 years old) patients with asthma or chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) who had been treated with sustained-release theophylline tablets (THEODUR) at a dose of 400 mg/day for 1-6 months, in principle. Among 3798 protocol-complying patients (mean age: 73.8 +/- 0.10 years, 1997 with COPD), 261 theophylline-related adverse events were observed in 179 (4.71%) patients. The 5 most frequently observed adverse events were "nausea" (40 episodes, 1.05%), "loss of appetite" (22 episodes, 0.56%), "hyperuricemia" (16 episodes, 0.42%), "palpitation" (15 episodes, 0.39%), and "increased alkaline phosphatase" (11 episodes, 0.28%). No convulsions were reported. Six patients had serious adverse events. The incidence of theophylline-related adverse events was higher in patients with hepatic disease (odds ratio: 1:1.81) and in patients with arrhythmia (odds ratio: 1:1.88). Blood drug concentration measurements in 736 patients indicated that the drug levels were < or =15 microg/ml in 641 patients (87.1%), and no correlation was noted between dose and theophylline-related adverse events. These results suggest that sustained-release theophylline can be used safely in elderly patients with asthma or COPD.     

Beta 2-integrin and L-selectin are obligatory receptors in neutrophil aggregation [see comments]

We have recently found that antibodies to L-selectin, the homing receptor on neutrophils, are as effective as those to beta 2-integrin at blocking formyl peptide-stimulated aggregation. Therefore, we investigated the requirements for expression of L-selectin and beta 2- integrin on adjacent cells during aggregation. Fluorescence flow cytometry allowed characterization of aggregates on the basis of size and color, as well as antibody binding to these two adhesive molecules. Formyl peptide-stimulated aggregate formation was measured for individual populations fluorescently labeled red (LDS-751) or green (CD44-FITC), and interpopulation red-green cell conjugates. Blocking either the beta 2-integrin or L-selectin adhesive epitope with monoclonal antibody on individual cell populations resulted in an approximately 50% reduction in two-color aggregation as compared with that in unblocked samples. Shedding the L-selectin on a cell population by preincubation with complexes of lipopolysaccharide and its plasma membrane binding protein also decreased aggregation to a control population by approximately 50%. We examined the aggregation of neutrophils from patients genetically deficient in beta 2-integrin and clinically leukocyte adhesion deficient (LAD). LAD adhesion to normal neutrophils was dependent on the expression of L-selectin on LAD cells and beta 2-integrin on normal cells. Thus, the minimum requirement for adhesion between two mixed populations of neutrophils was that one population expressed the beta 2-integrin and the other expressed the L- selectin adhesive epitope.