The persistence of residual infection is one of the major factors in failure of the Global Programme to Eliminate Lymphatic Filariasis (GPELF). The present study aims to explore the status of sheath antibody and regulatory T cells (Tregs) known to play key roles in clearance of parasite and patent filarial infection, in individuals with residual infection after MDA. A total of 61 microfilaremic (Mf) individuals were followed up after at least 6 rounds of MDA. Infection status of subjects was assessed through the detection of Mf and circulating filarial antigen (CFA). Antibodies to Mf sheath were determined by immuno-peroxidase assay (IPA). The expression of Tregs was measured by a flow cytometer. IL-10 and IFN-γ were evaluated using the commercially available ELISA kit. The sheath antibody was present in subjects who have cleared both Mf and CFA and absent in individuals who were found to be Mf /CFA positive. Further individuals carrying infection have significantly high levels of Tregs and IL-10. A positive correlation was observed between Tregs, IL-10, and CFA in infected individuals. In contrast, a negative correlation was observed between IFN-γ and IL-10 in both infected and uninfected subjects. Our study reveals that the absence of a sheath antibody and a high level of Tregs and IL-10 are the hallmarks of the persistence of residual filarial infection.
To report a case of solitary sacral osteochondroma without neurological symptoms and describe the en bloc excision of the tumour, as well as review the literature on osteochondroma involving the sacrum.
Methods
Summary of the background data: although osteochondromas are among the most common benign tumours of the bone, they uncommonly involve the spine. Its occurence in the sacrum is rare, accounting for only 0.5 % of the osteochondromas involving spine. All previous cases of sacral osteochondroma have reported neurological symptoms on presentation.
Case report
A 21-year-old male presented with a palpable, painless mass in the left side of the sacral region of 1 year duration, without neurological symptoms. Radiological studies showed a well-circumscribed lesion with bony osteoid within arising from the sacrum at S3–S4 level left to midline, with features suggestive of osteochondroma. The tumour was excised en bloc through posterior approach. A literature review of sacral osteochondroma was conducted using MEDLINE search of English Literature and bibliographies.
Results
Histopathological studies showed the lesion to consist mature bone trabeculae with active enchondral ossification with cap of normal hyaline cartilage. Literature review yielded only 8 cases of sacral osteochondroma reported earlier.
Conclusion
This is the 9th case of solitary osteochondroma of the sacrum to be reported, the first to be reported without any neurological symptoms, and third case reported for which en bloc excision was performed.
Aims:The aim was to evaluate the clinical and anatomic outcome of arthroscopic repair of type II SLAP lesions.Results:At a mean follow-up of 54-month, the mean American Shoulder and Elbow Surgeons Shoulder Index (ASES) scores improved from 52.1 preoperatively to 86.1 postoperatively (P < 0.0001) and the Simple Shoulder Test (SST) scores from 7.7 to 10.6 (P < 0.0002). Twenty-two out of the 25 patients (88%) stated that they would have surgery again. Of the 21 patients who had postoperative magnetic resonance imaging arthrographys (MRAs), 9 patients (43%) demonstrated dye tracking between the labrum bone interface suggestive of a recurrent tear and 12 patients (57%) had a completely intact repair. There was no significant difference in ASES, SST, and patient satisfaction scores in patients with recurrent or intact repairs.Conclusions:Arthroscopic repair of type II SLAP lesions demonstrated improvements in clinical outcomes. However, MRA imaging demonstrated 43% of patients with recurrent tears. MRA results do not necessarily correlate with clinical outcome. 相似文献
Five hundred and 20 cases (279 males; 241 females), referred for anemia, with a wide age range, from different parts of the state of Orissa, India, were investigated to evaluate the extent of the prevalence of hemoglobinopathies (sickle cell disorders and thalassemias) by analyzing the associated hemoglobin (Hb) profiles, Hb genotypes, as well as the clinical and hematological parameters. We found sickle cell trait (Hb AS) in 131 cases (62 males; 69 females), homozygous sickle cell anemia in 49 cases (34 males; 15 females) and Hb S-beta thalassemia (S-beta-thal) in 17 cases (nine males; eight females). There were also 46 cases (32 males; 14 females) of beta-thal major, 103 cases (51 males; 52 females) of beta-thal trait, six cases (four males; two females) of Hb E trait [beta26(B8)Glu-->Lys; GAG-->AAG], and 17 cases (12 males; five females) of Hb E-beta-thal (E-beta-thal). A large proportion of these anomalies were found among the general caste people rather than among the tribal population which constitutes 22% of the total population in this state. Hb E was found mainly in higher castes like Khandayat and Karan, residing in the coastal region of Orissa. This study provides comprehensive data on the spectrum of hemoglobinopathies in this state. 相似文献
Hypoplastic left heart syndrome with an intact or highly restrictive atrial septum requires urgent decompression of the left atrium. Catheter‐based interventions from the femoral or umbilical veins represent the standard method of atrial decompression. Restrictive atrial septal defects located at the superior portion of the fossa ovalis can be difficult to cross from these access sites. Here, we describe a successful Rashkind balloon atrial septostomy performed from an internal jugular approach. 相似文献
Melanotic neuroectodermal tumor of infancy is an uncommon neoplasm that normally occurs in the anterior maxilla of children less than 1 year of age. This is a tumor with controversial origin, although neural crest origin is proposed. This case report presents an analysis of histopathological and immunohistochemical findings in this rare tumor. 相似文献
The aim of the present study was to compare concentrations of cytokines, matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) and a metalloproteinase inhibitor (TIMP‐1) in gingival crevicular fluids (GCF) from sites with gingival inflammation in 28 young patients with Papillon‐Lefèvre syndrome (PLS), and in age‐ and gender‐matched controls. Each group consisted of 17 females and 11 males with a mean age of 11.0 years (range 4–22 years). In both groups, anterior upper sites with a clinical diagnosis of gingival inflammation and with pockets ≤3?mm were selected for sampling of GCF, which was carried out with filter disks inserted into the gingival crevice until saturated. The concentrations of cytokines (IL‐1α, IL‐1β, TNF‐α, and IL‐8), matrix metalloproteinases (MMP‐1, MMP‐3, MMP‐8, and MMP‐9), and their tissue inhibitor (TIMP‐1) were analysed using commercial ELISA kits. Significantly higher levels of IL‐1β (P?P?P?P?P?相似文献
