Tooth and foreign object in the nasal fossa of a child with a cleft: case report

A report is presented of a male patient, 5 years, 10 months old, with a palatal cleft complicated by both a tooth and a foreign object in the nasal cavity. The presence of these concurrent conditions contributed to nasal obstruction with associated speech problems, accretions, and chronic rhinorrhea. The importance of a thorough diagnostic work-up and interdisciplinary treatment planning is emphasized.     

进展期胃癌淋巴结转移的特点及临床意义

目的 探讨胃癌淋巴结(LN)转移的规律,指导胃癌LN廓清手术治疗。方法 回顾分析我院近5年来D_2或>D_2手术并有完整记录的298例进展期胃癌患者的临床资料,统计胃癌各组LN的转移情况。结果 术中LN肉眼检查与实际病理检查有一定的误差。D_2手术时,只要把No.12LN包括在内,部分LN归属哪一组,并不影响肿瘤的治疗和预后。在各组LN中,No.3、No.7、No.8、No.9 LN转移率最高,而No.13、No.17、No.18 LN对于不同部位的胃癌转移机会均很少,不同部位的胃癌No.3、No.4、No.7、No.8、No.9、No.11、No.16 LN转移机会大致相同。胃癌的LN跳跃式转移见于No.16 LN,而第3站的LN较为少见。探查时若无No.12 LN转移,No.13 LN病理检查均未见转移,可不必清扫。组织学类型分化低的胃癌其第3、4站LN转移相对少见,这可能与分化低的肿瘤易引起远处转移,而使患者失去根治手术的机会有关。结论 掌握胃癌LN的转移规律,对胃癌LN的廓清手术具有重要意义。     

Fibrolamellar Hepatoma

Primary hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) has a high incidence rate worldwide with an extremely grave prognosis, but, fortunately, accounts for only 2% of all cancers in the United States. Yet, a unique subset of HCC fibrolamellar hepatocellular carcinoma (FLHC) is reported only from the United States. Five cases of FLHC from the University of Minnesota's 17 years of experience are reported and compared with the literature reports for FLHC, as well as contrasted to reports of HCC. The review of the literature is addressed for data evaluating FLHC as a distinct entity from HCC.     

Difficulties in diagnosing and treating GIST: report and analysis of a case

Gastrointestinal stromal tumours account for fewer than 1% of malignant tumours of the digestive system. Analysing a case referred to us for observation, we review the literature with regard to diagnostic and therapeutic difficulties. A 68-year-old patient was referred to our institute with a diagnosis of "retroperitoneal haematoma". Computerised tomography showed a solid mass with a liquid component, occupying almost the whole of the abdominal cavity. An ultrasonography-guided biopsy examination suggested the presence of a sarcoma. Exploratory laparotomy and the histological examination, which was positive for CD117, CD34 and the smooth muscle marker caldesmon, allowed a diagnosis of gastrointestinal stromal tumour to be made. Thus, no thoroughly reliable and accurate diagnosis of gastrointestinal tumour can be made without surgical exploration and consequent histological and immunohistochemical examinations that still represent the only method capable of confirming or ruling out a diagnosis of gastrointestinal stromal tumour. Such tumours are rare and aggressive and their prognosis is closely related to tumour size and the mitotic index per high power field. Radical resection affords the only possibility of long-term survival.     

Relation between Hypofractionated Radiotherapy,Toxicity and Outcome in Early Breast Cancer

To compare adjuvant conventional radiotherapy (C‐RT) to hypofractionated schedule (HF‐RT) in early breast cancer. Between May 2012 and September 2015, 120 patients were included in the analysis. All patients underwent conservative surgery and adjuvant RT. RT was delivered in C‐RT (50 Gy; 2 Gy/fr) or HF‐RT (42.5 Gy; 2.66 Gy/fr), followed by a tumor bed boost (10 Gy; 2 Gy/fr). RT‐induced toxicity was recorded and compared between groups. Toxicity results were graded according to the Common Terminology Criteria for Adverse Events guidelines. A multivariate analysis was performed of the factors associated with acute toxicity onset. Mild acute skin toxicity was observed in 71.7% of patients. No grade 4 toxicity was observed. From the multivariate analysis, Breast volume and RT fractionation significantly affected acute radiation‐related toxicity. No increase in late toxic effects has been reported between C‐RT and HF‐RT schedules. Overall, the 2‐year disease free survival was 94.4%. HF‐RT represents a valid adjuvant treatment option in early breast cancer patients, without negative impact on acute and late radiation sequelae, as well as tumor control.     

Ovarian carcinoma relapsing as a cerebellopontine angle tumour

Involvement of the central nervous system in epithelial ovarian carcinoma is rare. A 46-year-old woman with ovarian carcinoma relapsing with brain metastasis is described. She received radiotherapy for the metastasis and survived for 18 months.