Reliable biomarkers for predicting subsequent sepsis among patients with suspected acute infection are lacking. In patients presenting to emergency departments (EDs) with suspected acute infection, we aimed to evaluate the reliability and discriminant ability of 47 leukocyte biomarkers as predictors of sepsis (Sequential Organ Failure Assessment score?≥?2 at 24 h and/or 72 h following ED presentation).
Methods
In a multi-centre cohort study in four EDs and intensive care units (ICUs), we standardised flow-cytometric leukocyte biomarker measurement and compared patients with suspected acute infection (cohort-1) with two comparator cohorts: ICU patients with established sepsis (cohort-2), and ED patients without infection or systemic inflammation but requiring hospitalization (cohort-3).
Results
Between January 2014 and February 2016, we recruited 272, 59 and 75 patients to cohorts 1, 2, and 3, respectively. Of 47 leukocyte biomarkers, 14 were non-reliable, and 17 did not discriminate between the three cohorts. Discriminant analyses for predicting sepsis within cohort-1 were undertaken for eight neutrophil (cluster of differentiation antigens (CD) CD15; CD24; CD35; CD64; CD312; CD11b; CD274; CD279), seven monocyte (CD35; CD64; CD312; CD11b; HLA-DR; CD274; CD279) and a CD8 T-lymphocyte biomarker (CD279). Individually, only higher neutrophil CD279 [OR 1.78 (95% CI 1.23–2.57); P?=?0.002], higher monocyte CD279 [1.32 (1.03–1.70); P?=?0.03], and lower monocyte HLA-DR [0.73 (0.55–0.97); P?=?0.03] expression were associated with subsequent sepsis. With logistic regression the optimum biomarker combination was increased neutrophil CD24 and neutrophil CD279, and reduced monocyte HLA-DR expression, but no combination had clinically relevant predictive validity.
Conclusions
From a large panel of leukocyte biomarkers, immunosuppression biomarkers were associated with subsequent sepsis in ED patients with suspected acute infection.
The placement of a central venous catheter for the administration of vasopressors is still recommended and required by many institutions because of concern about complications associated with peripheral administration of vasopressors.
Objective
Our aim was to determine the incidence of complications from the administration of vasopressors through peripheral venous catheters (PVC) in patients with circulatory shock, and to identify the factors associated with these complications.
Methods
This was a prospective, observational study conducted in the emergency department (ED) of a tertiary care medical center. Patients presenting to the ED with circulatory shock and in whom a vasopressor was started through a PVC were included. Research fellows examined the i.v. access site for complications twice daily during the period of peripheral vasopressor administration, then daily up to 48 h after treatment discontinuation or until the patient expired.
Results
Of the 55 patients that were recruited, 3 (5.45% overall, 6% of patients receiving norepinephrine) developed complications; none were major. Two developed local extravasation and one developed local thrombophlebitis. All three complications occurred during the vasopressor infusion, none in the 48 h after discontinuation, and none required any medical or surgical intervention. Two of the three complications occurred in the hand, and all occurred in patients receiving norepinephrine and with 20-gauge catheters.
Conclusions
The incidence of complications from the administration of vasopressors through a PVC is small and did not result in significant morbidity in this study. Larger prospective studies are needed to better determine the factors that are associated with these complications, and identify patients in whom this practice is safe. 相似文献
Around one third of schizophrenia patients are non-responders to antipsychotic therapy. The present study aimed to delineate the pathway-phenotypes of non-remitters (NRTT) and partial remitters (PRTT) to treatment with antipsychotics as defined using the Global Clinical Impression scales. We recruited 60 NRTT, 50 PRTT and 43 healthy controls and measured schizophrenia symptoms, neurocognitive tests, plasma CCL11, interleukin-(IL)-6, IL-10, Dickkopf protein 1 (DKK1), high mobility group box-1 protein (HMGB1), κ- and μ-opioid receptors (KOR and MOR, respectively), endomorphin-2 (EM-2), and β-endorphin. Soft independent modeling of class analogy (SIMCA) showed that NRTT and PRTT are significantly discriminated with a cross-validated accuracy of 94.7% and are qualitatively distinct classes using symptomatome, and neuro-immune-opioid-cognitome (NIOC) features as modeling variables. Moreover, a NIOC pathway phenotype discriminated PRTT from healthy controls with an accuracy of 100% indicating that PRTT and controls are two qualitative distinct classes. Using NIOC features as discriminatory variables in SIMCA showed that all PRTT were rejected as belonging to the normal control class and authenticated as belonging to their target class. In conclusion, a non-response to treatment can best be profiled using a SIMCA model constructed using symptomatome and NIOC features. A partial response should be delineated using SIMCA by authenticating patients as controls or PRTT instead of using scale-derived cut-off values or a number of scale items being rated mild or better. The results show that PRTT is characterized by an active NIOC pathway phenotype and that both NRTT and PRTT should be treated by targeting neuro-immune and opioid pathways.
Heart Failure Reviews - Heart failure with preserved ejection fraction (HFpEF) is problematic to treat, with guidelines for HFpEF management concentrated on treating prevalent comorbidities. The... 相似文献
BACKGROUND: Comparative trials of ursodeoxycholic acid (UDCA), vitamin E and weight management programs among patients with nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) are lacking. AIM: To find an effective single agent or combination of agents for management of NAFLD. METHODS: In this retrospective study, consecutive patient with histologically confirmed NAFLD with raised ALT were included. The patients received either weight management (exercise and therapeutic lifestyle changes [TLC] diet with a target to reduce body weight 10% in 6 months) (group I) ; weight management + UDCA (300 mg BID) (group II); or weight management + UDCA + vitamin E (400 mg OD) (group III). Outcome measure was normalization of ALT. RESULTS: 42 patients (18, 12 and 12 in groups I, II and III, respectively) were included between 1996 and 2004. All patients in group III normalized their ALT levels, which was significantly higher than numbers in group I (8/18) and group II (5/12); (p=0.003). Post treatment ALT was significantly lower in group III (28.6 [9.3]) as compared to group I (59.3 [32.2]) and group II (49.0[31.8]); (p=0.01). Type of therapy received was the only factor predictive of ALT normalization. CONCLUSION: Combination regimen containing vitamin E appears to be effective in normalizing ALT among NAFLD patients. 相似文献
OBJECTIVES: Non- C. albicans Candida species are increasingly being recognized as the cause of vulvo-vaginal candidiasis. These species are often less susceptible to antifungal agents. Patients with diabetes mellitus are at risk for vulvo-vaginal candidasis. We assessed the species-specific prevalence rate and risk of candidiasis in patients with diabetes mellitus and healthy controls. METHODS: Genital tract examination, direct microscopy and fungal cultures of discharge collected by high vaginal swab were undertaken among 78 consecutive patients with diabetes mellitus (mean (+/-sd) age 32+/-12 years and body mass index (BMI) 22.3+/-5.5kg/m(2)) and 88 age- and BMI-matched healthy females. Glycaemic control in the diabetic cohort was assessed by measuring total glycosylated haemoglobin. RESULTS: Candida species were isolated in 36 of 78 (46%) subjects with diabetes mellitus and in 21 of 88 (23%) healthy subjects (Chi-squared 9.11, P=0.0025). The predominant Candida species isolated in diabetics with vulvo-vaginal candidiasis were Candida glabrata (39%), C. albicans (26%) and C. tropicalis (17%). In contrast, in the control group, C. albicans, C. glabrata and C. hemulonii comprised 30% each, with none having C. tropicalis infection (for C. tropicalis: diabetic vs. control; 17% vs. nil, P=0. 05). Among the diabetic group, subjects with vulvo-vaginal candidiasis had significantly higher mean HbA1 when compared to those who had no such infection (12.8+/-2.6% vs. 9.7+/-1.7% respectively, P=0.001). The overall accuracy of direct microscopy and clinical examination for predicting vulvo-vaginal candidiasis was only 77% and 51%, respectively, in the diabetic group, and 83% and 65% in the control group. CONCLUSIONS: Patients with diabetes mellitus had a high prevalence rate (46%) of vulvo-vaginal candidiasis with relative risk of 2.45. The non- C. albicans species such as C. glabrata and C. tropicalis were the predominant species isolated among them. There seems to be a significant link between hyperglycaemia and vulvo-vaginal candidiasis. 相似文献
To investigate the role of endothelial protein C receptor (EPCR) (membrane and soluble forms) as a biomarker of lupus nephritis (LN) in systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) patients and to study its relation to the prognosis and response to treatment.
Patients and methods
The study included 30 SLE patients and 30 matched healthy volunteers as well as 10 renal biopsies from surgical nephrectomy as a control for membranous (mEPCR) examination. SLE disease activity index-2000 and damage index were assessed. Serum sEPCR was measured. Renal expression of mEPCR was analyzed. All patients were reassessed after 3?months.
Results
Patients were 26 females and 4 males with a mean age of 29.6?±?10.04?years and disease duration of 4.4?±?3.5?years. Their mean SLEDAI was 13.9?±?9.9 and damage index 1?±?1.5. Serum levels of sEPCR were significantly higher in patients with LN (19.9?±?5.7?ng/ml) than those without (8.95?±?4.2?ng/ml) and controls (5.3?±?2.6?ng/ml)(p?<?0.001). SLE patients with cutaneous vasculitis (n?=?9) had significantly higher sEPCR levels than those without (18.1?±?7.8 vs 10.2?±?5.2?ng/ml)(p?=?0.02). There was a significant correlation between sEPCR percentage of change and of SLEDAI-2k with and without LN (p?<?0.01 and p?<?0.05). A significant difference was observed in sEPCR according to the prognosis and treatment response after 3?months. mEPCR stained positively in glomeruli and tubules of LN patients with no relation to histopathological grading.
Conclusion
sEPCR plays a role in the pathogenesis, is related to a bad prognosis and poor response to treatment in LN. mEPCR was not related to LN grading. 相似文献