全文获取类型
收费全文 | 1327篇 |
免费 | 68篇 |
国内免费 | 11篇 |
专业分类
耳鼻咽喉 | 41篇 |
儿科学 | 67篇 |
妇产科学 | 77篇 |
基础医学 | 75篇 |
口腔科学 | 47篇 |
临床医学 | 110篇 |
内科学 | 324篇 |
皮肤病学 | 25篇 |
神经病学 | 59篇 |
特种医学 | 49篇 |
外科学 | 372篇 |
综合类 | 17篇 |
预防医学 | 24篇 |
眼科学 | 24篇 |
药学 | 34篇 |
中国医学 | 2篇 |
肿瘤学 | 59篇 |
出版年
2024年 | 4篇 |
2023年 | 21篇 |
2022年 | 26篇 |
2021年 | 44篇 |
2020年 | 31篇 |
2019年 | 39篇 |
2018年 | 51篇 |
2017年 | 29篇 |
2016年 | 57篇 |
2015年 | 46篇 |
2014年 | 66篇 |
2013年 | 70篇 |
2012年 | 105篇 |
2011年 | 95篇 |
2010年 | 54篇 |
2009年 | 37篇 |
2008年 | 83篇 |
2007年 | 85篇 |
2006年 | 81篇 |
2005年 | 81篇 |
2004年 | 77篇 |
2003年 | 70篇 |
2002年 | 61篇 |
2001年 | 20篇 |
2000年 | 14篇 |
1999年 | 6篇 |
1998年 | 5篇 |
1997年 | 2篇 |
1996年 | 3篇 |
1995年 | 7篇 |
1994年 | 1篇 |
1993年 | 3篇 |
1992年 | 4篇 |
1991年 | 2篇 |
1990年 | 6篇 |
1989年 | 3篇 |
1988年 | 1篇 |
1987年 | 2篇 |
1986年 | 2篇 |
1985年 | 3篇 |
1984年 | 2篇 |
1983年 | 2篇 |
1980年 | 1篇 |
1978年 | 1篇 |
1977年 | 1篇 |
1967年 | 2篇 |
排序方式: 共有1406条查询结果,搜索用时 15 毫秒
41.
Astrid Mayr Pauline Jahn Anne Stankewitz Bettina Deak Anderson Winkler Viktor Witkovsky Ozan Eren Andreas Straube Enrico Schulz 《Human brain mapping》2022,43(5):1676
Chronic pain is characterised by an ongoing and fluctuating intensity over time. Here, we investigated how the trajectory of the patients'' endogenous pain is encoded in the brain. In repeated functional MRI (fMRI) sessions, 20 patients with chronic back pain and 20 patients with chronic migraine were asked to continuously rate the intensity of their endogenous pain. Linear mixed effects models were used to disentangle cortical processes related to pain intensity and to pain intensity changes. At group level, we found that the intensity of pain in patients with chronic back pain is encoded in the anterior insular cortex, the frontal operculum, and the pons; the change of pain in chronic back pain and chronic migraine patients is mainly encoded in the anterior insular cortex. At the individual level, we identified a more complex picture where each patient exhibited their own signature of endogenous pain encoding. The diversity of the individual cortical signatures of chronic pain encoding results bridge between clinical observations and neuroimaging; they add to the understanding of chronic pain as a complex and multifaceted disease. 相似文献
42.
Peter J. Mazzaglia Mira Milas Eren Berber Alan Siperstein Jack M. Monchik 《World journal of surgery》2010,34(6):1318-1324
Background
Elevation of parathyroid hormone (PTH) levels is commonly seen in patients with primary hyperparathyroidism (PHPT) who have undergone parathyroidectomy. This study evaluates differences in 2-week postoperative PTH levels in patients having focused-approach surgery versus four-gland exploration. 相似文献43.
Alfredo D. Guerron Shamil Aliyev Orhan Agcaoglu Erol Aksoy Halit Eren Taskin Federico Aucejo Charles Miller John Fung Eren Berber 《Surgical endoscopy》2013,27(4):1138-1143
Background
Findings have shown laparoscopic liver resection (LLR) to be feasible and safe, but the data in the literature regarding oncologic outcomes are scant. This study aimed to compare the perioperative and short-term oncologic outcomes between LLR and open resection of colorectal liver metastasis (CLM).Methods
Between January 2006 and April 2012, 40 patients underwent LLR of CLM. These patients were compared with a consecutive matched group of 40 patients who underwent open resection within the same period. Data were obtained from a prospective institutional review board (IRB)-approved database. Statistical analysis was performed using t test, Chi-square, and Kaplan–Meier survival.Results
The groups were similar in terms of age, gender, tumor size, number of tumors, and type of resections performed. The operative time was similar in the two groups, but the estimated blood loss was less in the LLR group than in the open resection group. The length of stay was shorter in the LLR group (3.7 vs 6.5 days; p < 0.001). The 2-year overall survival rate was 89 % for LLR and 81 % for open resection. The median disease-free survival time was 23 months in each group.Conclusions
The findings suggest that LLR is associated with less blood loss and a shorter hospital stay than open resection for CLM. According to our short-term results, LLR is equivalent to open resection in terms of oncologic outcomes. 相似文献44.
Ozdogan M Ersoy E Dundar K Albayrak L Devay S Gundogdu H 《The Journal of surgical research》2005,129(2):260-264
BACKGROUND: Underlying hepatic injury and cirrhosis are leading factors that interfere with the post-operative liver regeneration and function. Hyperbaric oxygenation (HBO) has been reported to ameliorate the ischemia-reperfusion injury of the liver, to induce compensatory hypertrophy of the predicted remnant liver in rats after portal vein ligation and to augment liver regeneration after hepatectomy in non-cirrhotic rats. Our aim was to determine the effect of HBO treatment on liver regeneration after partial hepatectomy in normal and cirrhotic mice in this experimental study. MATERIALS AND METHODS: The effect of HBO on liver regeneration was studied in a mice model combining carbon tetrachloride induced cirrhosis and partial hepatectomy. Mice were divided into four groups: Control, cirrhotic, non-cirrhotic HBO-treated, and cirrhotic HBO-treated. All animals underwent 40% hepatectomy. Liver regeneration was evaluated by the proliferating cell nuclear antigen-labeling index. Serum aspartate aminotransferase and alanine aminotransferase levels were measured to evaluate liver injury. RESULTS: Serum alanine aminotransferase and aspartate aminotransferase levels were significantly decreased in HBO-treated cirrhotic group compared to cirrhosis group after hepatectomy (P = 0.001 and P = 0.014, respectively). The proliferating cell nuclear antigen labeling index was significantly higher in HBO treated cirrhotic group than in cirrhotic group after hepatectomy (P = 0.022). CONCLUSIONS: Our results suggest that HBO treatment improves liver functions and augments hepatocyte regeneration in cirrhotic mice after hepatectomy. Post-operative HBO treatment may have a beneficial effect on post-operative liver function and regeneration in cirrhotic patients. 相似文献
45.
Renal complications of lipodystrophy: A closer look at the natural history of kidney disease 下载免费PDF全文
Baris Akinci Sadiye Mehtat Unlu Ali Celik Ilgin Yildirim Simsir Sait Sen Banu Nur Fatma Ela Keskin Basak Ozgen Saydam Nilufer Kutbay Ozdemir Banu Sarer Yurekli Bekir Ugur Ergur Melda Sonmez Tahir Atik Atakan Arslan Tevfik Demir Canan Altay Ulku Aybuke Tunc Tugba Arkan Ramazan Gen Erdal Eren Gulcin Akinci Aslihan Arasli Yilmaz Habib Bilen Samim Ozen Aygul Celtik Senay Savas Erdeve Semra Cetinkaya Huseyin Onay Sulen Sarioglu Elif Arioglu Oral 《Clinical endocrinology》2018,89(1):65-75
46.
Huseyin Eren Hasan Riza Aydin Levent Tumkaya Ilke Onur Kazaz Yildiray Kalkan Seher Nazli Kazaz 《Renal failure》2018,40(1):466-474
Purpose: This study investigated the antioxidant effects of whortleberry against cisplatin-induced nephrotoxicity in rats.Material and methods: This study included 48 female Sprague–Dawley rats weighing 263.68?±?8.29?g. The rats were divided into the following six groups, with eight rats in each group: control, ethanol control, whortleberry control, cisplatin control, 16?mg/kg cisplatin +100?mg/kg whortleberry, and 16?mg/kg cisplatin +200?mg/kg whortleberry groups. Biochemical analysis was performed by measuring total oxidant status and total antioxidant status, histopathological analysis was performed by calculating proximal and distal tubule areas (μm2), and immunohistochemical analysis was performed by determining anti-Caspase-3 immunostaining. Differences among the groups were examined using one-way analysis of variance, and p?.05 was considered statistically significant.Results: Cisplatin treatment decreased the total antioxidant status and increased the total oxidant status and Caspase-3 level. Moreover, it resulted in the dilatation, vacuolization and loss of tubular epithelial cells; and glomerular degeneration and edema in the kidney tissues (p?.05). Treatment with 100 and 200?mg whortleberries increased the total antioxidant status; decreased the total oxidant status and Caspase-3 level and ameliorated distal and proximal tubule degeneration, glomerular degeneration and edema in the kidney tissues (p?.05).Conclusions: Our results indicate that the antioxidant effects of the whortleberry decrease cisplatin-associated nephrotoxicity. 相似文献
47.
Human monoclonal antibodies specific to hepatitis B virus generated in a human/mouse radiation chimera: the Trimera system. 下载免费PDF全文
R Eren I Lubin D Terkieltaub O Ben-Moshe A Zauberman R Uhlmann T Tzahor S Moss E Ilan D Shouval E Galun N Daudi H Marcus Y Reisner S Dagan 《Immunology》1998,93(2):154-161
An approach to develop fully human monoclonal antibodies in a human/mouse radiation chimera, the Trimera system, is described. In this system, functional human lymphocytes are engrafted in normal strains of mice which are rendered immuno-incompetent by lethal total body irradiation followed by radioprotection with severe combined immunodeficient (SCID) mouse bone marrow. Following transplantation, human lymphocytes colonize murine lymphatic organs and secrete human immunoglobulins. We have established this system as a tool to develop fully human monoclonal antibodies, and applied it for the generation of monoclonal antibodies specific for hepatitis B virus surface antigen. A strong memory response to hepatitis B surface antigen was elicited in Trimera engrafted with lymphocytes from human donors positive for antibodies to hepatitis B surface antigen. The human specific antibody fraction in the Trimera was 10(2)-10(3)-fold higher as compared with that found in the donors. Spleens were harvested from Trimera mice showing high specific-antibody titres and cells were fused to a human-mouse heteromyeloma fusion partner. Several stable hybridoma clones were isolated and characterized. These hybridomas produce high-affinity, IgG, anti-hepatitis B surface antigen antibodies demonstrating the potential of the Trimera system for generating fully human monoclonal antibodies. The biological function and the neutralizing activity of these antibodies are currently being tested. 相似文献
48.
OBJECTIVE: The superior vena cava (SVC) obstruction by malignant diseases is either by direct invasion and compression or by tumour thrombus of the SVC. Whatever is its cause, obstruction of the SVC causes elevated pressure in the veins draining into the SVC and increased or reversed blood flow through collateral vessels. Severity of the syndrome depends on the collateral vascular system development. Therefore, imaging of the collateral veins with variable location and connection is important in determining the extension and management of the disease. Our aims are to describe collateral vessels of the superior vena cava syndrome (SVCS) related with the malignant diseases and to assess the ability of multi-detector row CT with multiplanar and 3D volume rendering techniques in determining and describing collateral circulations. MATERIALS AND METHODS: We present CT angiography findings of seven patients with small cell carcinoma of the lung (n = 2), squamous cell carcinoma of the lung (n = 3), Hodgkin disease of the thorax (n = 1), and squamous cell carcinoma of the oesophagus (n = 1). The patients received contrast-enhanced CT scans of the chest and abdomen on a multi-detector row CT during breath holding at suspended inspiration. RESULTS: CT images revealed the cause and level of the SVC obstruction in all patients with axial and multiplanar reconstructed images. The SVC showed total obstruction in five patients and partial obstruction in two patients. The most common experienced collateral vessels were azygos vein (6), intercostal veins (6), mediastinal veins (6), paravertebral veins (5), hemiazygos vein (5), thoracoepigastric vein (5), internal mammary vein (5), thoracoacromioclavicular venous plexus (5), and anterior chest wall veins (5). While one case showed the portal-systemic shunt, V. cordis media and sinus coronarius with phrenic veins were enlarged in two cases, and the left adrenal vein was enlarged in a patient. In one case, the azygos vein with reversed blood flow was drained into both inferior vena cava and hemiazygos vein with the left renal vein. CONCLUSION: Multi-detector row CT with multiplanar and 3D imaging is an effective tool in evaluation of the SVCS and has a greater advantage than the other imaging techniques. 3D volume rendering is a useful technique in determining and describing collateral circulations in addition to the primary disease process. 相似文献
49.
Tsang JY Camara NO Eren E Schneider H Rudd C Lombardi G Lechler R 《Journal of leukocyte biology》2006,80(1):145-151
CD4+CD25+ regulatory T cells play an important role in peripheral tolerance. Upon T cell receptor (TCR)-mediated activation, the cells fail to proliferate but are induced to have a suppressor function. The intracellular signaling events that lead to their responses have not been elucidated. In this study, we have examined the proximal TCR signaling events in freshly isolated human CD4+CD25+ regulatory T cells after TCR ligation. In contrast to CD4+CD25- T cells, TCR ligation of CD4+CD25+ regulatory T cells by anti-CD3 cross-linking resulted in a lower calcium influx and extracellular signal-regulated kinase 1/2 phosphorylation. Examination of the CD3zeta chain phosphorylation status indicated that CD4+CD25+ regulatory T cells have poor phosphorylation of the protein and consequently, reduced recruitment of zeta-associated protein-70 to the TCR immunoreceptor tyrosine motif. The adaptor protein, Src homology 2 domain-containing leukocyte phosphoprotein of 76 kDa, which relays signals to downstream signaling components, also showed reduced phosphorylation, which correlated with reduced VAV guanine nucleotide exchange factors association. Consistent with other findings, the defect is accompanied with impaired actin cap formation, implicating a failure of actin remodeling of the cells. Together, our results demonstrate that CD4+CD25+ regulatory T cells have altered TCR proximal signaling pathways, which could be critical for inducing the distinct behavior of these cells. 相似文献
50.
Balik E Eren T Bugra D Buyukuncu Y Akyuz A Yamaner S 《Clinics (S?o Paulo, Brazil)》2011,66(11):1935-1941