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21.
Higher fat and energy intakes confer a survival advantage in cystic fibrosis (CF). There is a need to develop effective nutrition programmes that ensure optimal energy intake in CF.
A cross-sectional measurement of clinical characteristics and energy and fat intakes in patients attending the CF outpatients clinic of the John Hunter Hospital, Newcastle was undertaken. Twenty-nine subjects, mean age 12 years (range 4.3–20.2), completed weighed food records to determine the contribution of fat to the percentage of the recommended energy intake obtained and to document use of pancreatic enzyme replacement therapy.
Diets with a high percentage of energy derived from fat did not guarantee that individuals with CF met their energy requirements. Subjects with total fat intakes of 100 g per day or greater, however, achieved in excess of 110% recommended daily intake (RDI) for energy. Up to 47% of subjects consumed more pancreatic enzyme replacement capsules than shown to give maximum effectiveness.
Setting a 100 g daily fat target is a realistic way of ensuring high energy intakes in CF. Fat ready reckoners would identify the fat content of food and prescribe specific numbers of pancreatic enzyme replacement capsules to be consumed with each meal or food item. 相似文献
Methodology:
A cross-sectional measurement of clinical characteristics and energy and fat intakes in patients attending the CF outpatients clinic of the John Hunter Hospital, Newcastle was undertaken. Twenty-nine subjects, mean age 12 years (range 4.3–20.2), completed weighed food records to determine the contribution of fat to the percentage of the recommended energy intake obtained and to document use of pancreatic enzyme replacement therapy.
Results:
Diets with a high percentage of energy derived from fat did not guarantee that individuals with CF met their energy requirements. Subjects with total fat intakes of 100 g per day or greater, however, achieved in excess of 110% recommended daily intake (RDI) for energy. Up to 47% of subjects consumed more pancreatic enzyme replacement capsules than shown to give maximum effectiveness.
Conclusion:
Setting a 100 g daily fat target is a realistic way of ensuring high energy intakes in CF. Fat ready reckoners would identify the fat content of food and prescribe specific numbers of pancreatic enzyme replacement capsules to be consumed with each meal or food item. 相似文献
22.
Camila Fernanda Novak Pinheiro de Freitas Fabiane Mulinari-Brenner Hanae Rafaela Fontana Arthur Conelian Gentili Mariana Hammerschmidt 《Anais brasileiros de dermatologia》2013,88(4):627-630
Ichthyoses are a common group of keratinization disorders. A non-inflammatory
generalized persistent skin desquamation is observed. It is characterized by
increased cell turnover, thickening of the stratum corneum and functional changes of
sebaceous and sweat glands. All of these favor fungal proliferation. Dermatophytes
may infect skin, hair and nails causing ringworm or tinea. They have the ability to
obtain nutrients from keratinized material. One of its most prevalent genera is
Trichophyton rubrum. Although tineas and ichthyoses are quite common, the association
of the two entities is rarely reported in the literature. Three cases of ichthyosis
associated with widespread infection by T. rubrum are presented. Resistance to
several antifungal treatments was responsible for worsening of ichthyosis signs and
symptoms. 相似文献
23.
Melatonin: Antioxidant and modulatory properties in age‐related changes during Trypanosoma cruzi infection
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Vânia Brazão Fabricia H. Santello Rafaela P. Colato Tamires T. Mazotti Lucas F. Tazinafo Míriam Paula A. Toldo Gabriel T. do Vale Carlos R. Tirapelli José C. do Prado Jr. 《Journal of pineal research》2017,63(1)
The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of melatonin on selected biomarkers of innate and humoral immune response as well as the antioxidant/oxidant status (superoxide dismutase—SOD and reduced glutathione levels (GSH) to understand whether age‐related changes would influence the development of acute Trypanosoma cruzi (T. cruzi) infection. Young‐ (5 weeks) and middle‐aged (18 months) Wistar rats were orally treated with melatonin (gavage) (05 mg/kg/day), 9 days after infection. A significant increase in both SOD activity and GSH levels was found in plasma from all middle‐aged melatonin‐treated animals. Melatonin triggered enhanced expression of major histocompatibility class II (MHC‐II) antigens on antigen‐presenting cell (APC) and peritoneal macrophages in all treated animals. High levels of CD4+CD28‐negative T cells (*P<.05) were detected in middle‐aged control animals. Melatonin induced a significant reduction (***P<.001) in CD28‐negative in CD4+ and CD8+ T cells in middle‐aged control animals. Contrarily, the same group displayed upregulated CD4+CD28+T and CD8+CD28+T cells. Melatonin also triggered an upregulation of CD80 and CD86 expression in all young‐treated groups. Significant percentages of B and spleen dendritic cells in middle‐aged infected and treated animals were observed. Our data reveal new features of melatonin action in inhibiting membrane lipid peroxidation, through the reduction in 8‐isoprostane, upregulating the antioxidant defenses and triggering an effective balance in the antioxidant/oxidant status during acute infection. The ability of melatonin to counteract the immune alterations induced by aging added further support to its use as a potential therapeutic target not only for T. cruzi infection but also for other immunocompromised states. 相似文献
24.
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26.
de Haas M; Kerst JM; van der Schoot CE; Calafat J; Hack CE; Nuijens JH; Roos D; van Oers RH; von dem Borne AE 《Blood》1994,84(11):3885-3894
In four healthy volunteers, we analyzed in detail the immediate in vivo effects on circulating neutrophils of subcutaneous administration of 300 micrograms of granulocyte colony-stimulating factor (G-CSF). Neutrophil activation was assessed by measurement of degranulation. Mobilization of secretory vesicles was shown by a decrease in leukocyte alkaline phosphatase content of the circulating neutrophils. Furthermore, shortly postinjection, Fc gamma RIII was found to be upregulated from an intracellular pool that we identified by immunoelectron microscopy as secretory vesicles. Intravascular release of specific granules was shown by increased plasma levels of lactoferrin and by upregulation of the expression of CD66b and CD11b on circulating neutrophils. Moreover, measurement of fourfold elevated plasma levels of elastase, bound to its physiologic inhibitor alpha 1- antitrypsin, indicated mobilization of azurophil granules. However, no expression of CD63, a marker of azurophil granules, was observed on circulating neutrophils. G-CSF--induced mobilization of secretory vesicles and specific granules could be mimicked in whole blood cultures in vitro, in contrast to release of azurophil granules. Therefore, we postulate that the most activated neutrophils leave the circulation, as observed shortly postinjection, and undergo subsequent stimulation in the endothelial microenvironment, resulting in mobilization of azurophil granules. Our data demonstrate that G-CSF should be regarded as a potent immediate activator of neutrophils in vivo. 相似文献
27.
José Alexandre da Rocha Curvelo Anna Lea Silva Barreto Camila A. dos Anjos Rafaela S. Santana Ariadne Nunes Alonso Maria Teresa Vilela Romanos Kelly C. G. de Moura Paula Fernandes Carneiro Maristela Barbosa Portela Maria do Carmo F. R. Pinto Rosangela Maria de Araújo Soares 《Medicinal chemistry research》2015,24(3):1155-1161
28.
Rafaela Azevedo Abrantes de Oliveira RN Vander Monteiro da Conceição RN Jeferson Santos Araujo RN Márcia Maria Fontão Zago RN 《International journal of nursing practice》2018,24(1)
Aim
This study aims to analyse the concept of cancer survivorship using Rodgers' evolutionary concept analysis model.Background
The lack of a consensus definition as well as the confusion and debate concerning the definitions of “survivor” and “cancer survivorship” hinder an understanding of the intrinsic needs associated with the latter.Design
Concept analysis.Method
A systematic literature search was performed using the following databases: PubMed, CINAHL, Web of Science, LILACS, and PsycINFO with studies published between 2000 and 2014. The final sample contained 39 studies that were analysed on the basis of Rodgers' model and inductive thematic analysis, discussed through the lens of the medical anthropology concept of culture.Findings
Cancer survivorship is a broad concept that can be understood using 8 themes: changes in life plans, positive and negative aspect dualities, life reflections, identity change, individual experiences, symptom control, the need for support, and quality of care. These themes are summarized using 2 attributes: liminality process and culturally congruent care.Conclusions
This article contributes to understanding of cancer survivorship and the processes that are intrinsic to this concept. It calls for future investigations to enhance cancer survivorship across its 2 domains at the personal (patient's life) and clinical (nursing practice) levels. 相似文献29.
CE Faggons C Mabedi CG Shores S Gopal 《Malawi medical journal : the journal of Medical Association of Malawi》2015,27(3):79-87