硅凝胶型乳房假体凝胶外渗的实验研究

目的 :研究硅凝胶型乳房假体植入大鼠体内后凝胶外渗对机体的影响。方法 :取 40只健康SD雌性大鼠分成A、B、C、D 4组 ,A、B、C 3组分别植入实验用完整的硅凝胶型假体、刺破的硅凝胶型假体及生理盐水充注型假体于大鼠背侧皮下 ,D组为空白对照。术前测出血液中有机硅的浓度。 6个月后取出假体观察 ,进行假体包膜组织学检查及大鼠血液中术后有机硅的浓度测定。结果 :A、B、C 3组纤维包膜组织学特征无明显差异 ,B组纤维包膜中光镜下发现外渗的凝胶颗粒。术后与术前 4组大鼠间血液中有机硅的浓度比较 ,差异均无显著性。结论 :完整的硅凝胶假体、人为刺破外壳的硅凝胶假体与生理盐水充注型假体的组织学反应无明显差异 ,外渗的凝胶局限在纤维包膜的内层 ,也不会随血液或淋巴到机体其他部位。     

Eye lrritation caused by Formaldehyde as an Indoor AIr Pollution—A Controlled Human Exposure Experiment

Obejective　The present study focuses on health assessment of wood based panels which are widely used in interior decoration practices over the recent years in China. Formaldehyde has been identified as chemical indicator of (IAO) and an indoor air pollutant. To test its health effects experiment was undertaken. Method　A small environmental test chamber (60/L) was used as the generator of emission gas from new panels, and was operating at a temperature of 22.7±0.6℃ and a humidity of 44.4±2.5 % with an air exchange rate of 1.0±0.15h-1. On the three experimental days the values of product loading in chamber were 4, 2 and 6 m2/m3, respectively. Eight people were selected randomly from the students and employees of Wuhan Health and Anti-epidemic Station as subjects, with an average age of 21.9±5.9 years, and a gender ratio of 1:1, and two of them were smokers (one male and one female). The subjects' eyes were exposed to formaldehyde through a pair of goggles. Each goggle had its flow inlet and outlet, and connected to chamber exhaust of emission gas and to an exhaust from the room. The exposure time was very short, just 5 minutes and the formaldehyde doses were at 1.65±0.01, 2.99±0.07 and 4.31±0.02 ppm. A 60-mm linear visual analogue rating scales was used to measure the intensity of sensory eye irritation and a video tape recorder was used to record eye blinking frequency. Results　The results demonstrated that tests of sensory eye irritation and eye blinking can be used for materials testing, and that a dose-effect as well as a time-variance of the effect can be measured. Conclusion　The tests showed that eye irritation was perceived at all of the three levels.     

A clinical observation of early short-term use of potent antibiotics in severely burned patients

Objective: To evaluate the effect of early and short-term use of potent antibiotics following extensive severe burn injury. Methods: Seventeen severely burned patients hospitalized in the same period (Nov.,1998 to Oct., 2000) wer esame treatment in Group 2 (n=8) was discontinued until day 15 postburn. The survival rate, blood bacterial culture, body temperature and white blood cell and platelet counts were compared between the 2 groups. Results: All the 17 patients survived and all blood bacterial cultures were negative. No significant difference of body temperature and white blood cell and platelet counts between the 2 groups was observed (P＞0.05). Conclusion: Early use of high-potency antibiotics at short treatment course after extensive severe burn is effective to prevent infection and reduce the cost.     

齐多夫啶半乳糖神经酰胺脂质体的制备及理化性质研究

目的 制备齐多夫啶半乳糖神经酰胺脂质体并对其理化性质进行研究。方法 采用两次乳化法，以半乳糖神经酰胺为主要膜材制备齐多夫啶半乳糖神经酰胺脂质体并进行形态学观察、检测其包封率和稳定性。结果 透射电子显微镜下观察齐多夫啶半乳糖神经酰胺脂质体为粒径均匀的球形或近球形的小单层颗粒；粒径范围为60～270nm，D50为140nm；包封率达72．5％，但10d后快速下降。结论 齐多夫啶半乳糖神经酰胺脂质体制备方法可行，需进一步提高包封率和稳定性。     

奥利司他对肥胖合并高血压患者内皮依赖性血管舒张功能的影响

目的 观察肥胖合并高血压患者服用奥利司他治疗前后血压和超声肱动脉内皮依赖性血管舒张功能的变化。方法 30例肥胖合并轻度高血压患者(肥胖高血压组)服用脂肪酶抑制剂——奥利司他120 mg,每日3次,共12周,服药前后诊所测量身高、体重、腰围及血压,并行肱动脉超声检查,测定血流介导的血管舒张功能(FMD)。15例非肥胖的高血压患者作为对照组。结果 肥胖高血压组治疗前加压反应性充血后肱动脉内径平均增加9.6％,增加幅度显著低于对照组(P<0.01);而奥利司他治疗12周后,加压反应性充血后肱动脉内径增加达14.2％、流速增加达56.7％,FMD较治疗前显著改善(均P<0.01)。肥胖高血压组患者治疗后平均减重5.3 kg,腰围减少6.3 cm,收缩压/舒张压平均下降13.3/5.7 mmHg(1mmHg=0.133kPa),与治疗前比较有显著性差异(均P<0.05)。结论 奥利司他能降低肥胖合并高血压患者的体重及收缩压和舒张压,并能改善血流介导的内皮依赖性动脉舒张功能。     

Advanced glycosylation end products, protein kinase C and renal alterations in diabetic rats

Objective To study the relationship between advanced glycosylation end products (AGE) an d protein kinase C (PKC), and their effects on renal alteration in diabetic rats .
Methods Insulin or aminoguanidine was administered to diabetic rats. Blood glucose, hem oglobin A_1C (HbA_1C), glomerular tissue extracts AGE (GTE-AGE), PKC, glomerular basement membrane thickness (GBMT) and urine protein/creatinine ( Pr/Cr) ratio in diabetic rats were measured and analysed.
Results Levels of blood glucose, HbA_1C and AGE, PKC activity, the Pr/Cr ratio an d GBMT were all significantly increased (P values all less than 0.01) in di abetic rats. Insulin could decrease the formation of HbA_1C and AGE, and improve PKC activity. Aminoguanidine had no influence on PKC activity (P >0.05) although it decreased the formation of AGE. Both drugs could delay t he increase of urine Pr/Cr ratio and GBMT (P<0.05 or P<0.01).
Conclusions Chronic hyperglycemia may lead to an increase of PKC activity. HbA_1Cand AGE may not directly contribute to alterations of PKC activity, but the increa se of PKC activity could promote the action of AGE on GBM thickening. It is imp ortant t o inhibit the formation of AGE and reduce the PKC activity so as to prevent or d elay the development of diabetic nephropathy.     

高效液相色谱法测定复方吲哚美辛栓中硫酸沙丁胺醇的含量

目的 :建立 HPL C法测定复方吲哚美辛栓中硫酸沙丁胺醇的含量。方法 :采用 Dinamonsil C1 8柱 ,5 μm,4 .6 mm×2 0 0 mm;流动相 :磷酸二氢钠溶液 (用磷酸调 p H3.10± 0 .0 5 ) -甲醇 (85∶ 15 ) ,流速 1.0 ml·min- 1 ,检测波长 2 2 4 nm。结果 :硫酸沙丁胺醇在 9.6～ 38.4μg· ml- 1 范围内呈良好的线性关系 ,r=0 .99997,回收率为 99.95 %。结论 :该法快速、灵敏、准确。     

广州市社区居民吸烟现状分析

[目的]了解广州市社区居民的吸烟状况,为制定控制吸烟的相应措施提供依据.[方法]在2004年,采用随机抽样入户问卷调查方式,调查广州市越秀区洪桥街和东风街20～60岁居民1006名.[结果]人群吸烟率为28.4%,男性吸烟率为52.2%,女性为6.5%;61.9%吸烟者在20岁以前开始吸烟;吸烟率随年龄增长而增高;文化程度低者吸烟率较高;运输业人员吸烟率最高;大部分吸烟者通常在家里、工作场所或娱乐场所吸烟;受访者对吸烟可能引起的呼吸系统以外的疾病认知不足;大多数认为从公共传媒获得吸烟危害健康的知识.[结论]吸烟仍是一个严重的公共卫生问题,须加强宣传教育,动员全社会力量,控制吸烟,以减少烟草对健康的危害.     

植入性鞘内药物(吗啡)输注系统治疗顽固性疼痛的临床观察

目的:探讨植入性蛛网膜下腔(即鞘内)药物(吗啡)输注系统(implantedintrathecaldrugdeliverysystem,IDDS)在顽固性疼痛治疗中的临床意义。方法:对4例因顽固性疼痛(癌痛和非癌痛)、药物治疗无法缓解而实施植入性鞘内药物输注系统的病人进行临床效果评价。结果:筛选试验成功后,经过外科手术将IDDS植入体内,术后给予持续输注吗啡,经过剂量调整,镇痛效果较明显,副作用减轻。结论:通过IDDS将镇痛药物(吗啡)直接注入作用部位(脊髓和大脑),镇痛效果确切,同时避免了全身给药时的副反应,是针对顽固性疼痛(癌痛和非癌痛)的三阶梯治疗以外的一种有效方法。应用时应掌握适应症,并进行筛选试验确定治疗的有效性,并根据疼痛缓解程度和副作用进行剂量调整。     

SiO2刺激矽肺肺泡巨噬细胞对MMP-9和TIMP-1表达的影响

Objective To investigate the effect of SiO2 on the expression of matrix metalloproteinase-9 (MMP-9)and tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinase-1 (TIMP-1)in human silicofic alveolar macrophages (AM).Methods Human alveolar macrophages were collected from a silicotic patient by bronchoalveolar lavage and exposed to silicon dioxide for 3h,6h,12h,18h,24h and 36h.The expression of the MMP-9 in the AM were detected with zymography and immunological method and the expression of the TIMP-1 in the AM with immunological method.Results The expressions of MMP-9 in the AM increased clearly along with the time,reached peak at 24 h when detected with zymography (average optical density:3.061±0.153 vs 2.851±0.164,P＜0.05);and reached peak at 18h when detected with immunological method (average optical density:0.386±0.037 vs 0.322±0.034,P＜0.05).The expression of the TIMP-1 in the AM did not vary when detected with immunological method (P＞0.05).Conclusion SiO2 may affect the expression of MMP-9 and MMP-9 activity in the cultured AM.