中医治疗胎动不安的用药规律

目的统计分析中医治疗胎动不安的用药规律,为临床中医治疗胎动不安提供用药参考。方法严格按照标准筛选中医治疗胎动不安的中药处方,采用excel表格对处方基本用药信息进行统计,然后再采用SPSS19. 0软件以中药的功效作为评价指标进行分析,以确定处方中用药味数、用药天数、以及中药的使用频次。并对使用频次前30位的药物进行归类,确定药物使用频次高的特征值、贡献率和综合得分。结果所选取的356例患者中药处方中,平均用药药味数15. 7味,平均剂量226. 7 g,使用频次最高的前5位药分别为菟丝子、桑寄生、续断、白芍、白术; 30味中药通过按照功效可分为5类,所提取的10个主成分能反映系统聚类中的分类结果。结论对中医治疗胎动不安患者处方进行分析,为中医治疗胎动不安提供了用药参考,对指导临床合理用药有重要指导意义。     

Value of duplex Doppler ultrasonography in renal colic

OBJECTIVES: The aim of our study was to determine the value of duplex Doppler ultrasonography (DDU) in the patients' evolution with renal colic. The study of the resistive index (RI), difference of the RI (ARI) associated with a DDU intravesical recording (ureteral jets) were compared with renographic findings in renal colic. PATIENTS AND METHODS: Between October 1998 and January 2001 we studied 377 cases with suspected renal colic by intravenous pyelography (IVP), grey-scale ultrasonography and DDU with determination of the RI, the difference between the RI of ipsilateral and contralateral kidneys (ARI) and the amplitude (maximum length of the intravesical ureteral jet), velocity and frequency of the urine bolus. We considered normal values RI < or = 0.70 and ARI < or = 0.06. VP was used as a referee investigation and the ureteral intravesical jets were determined in standard conditions. All patients came to the hospital between 4 and 12 h after the onset of the renal colic. RESULTS: We found four series of patients: 1, acute (complete) obstructed kidney (IVP nonfunctional) and dilatation at normal grey-scale, with normal contralateral kidney (n = 153). In this series we found RI > 0.70 in 87%, RI > 0.06 in 90% and absent ureteral intravesical jet of the obstructed kidney site in 89%; 2, acute (complete) obstructed kidney (IVP nonfunctional) without abnormalities at normal grey-scale, with normal contralateral kidney (n = 57). In this series we found RI > or = 0.70 in 73.5%, deltaRI > 0.06 in 82.5% of patients, absent or asymmetric ureteral intravesical jet in 80.7% of cases; 3, incomplete obstructed kidney (IVP with various degree of ureterohydronephrosis) with normal contralateral kidney (n = 96). In this series we found RI > or = 0.70 in 58.3% and deltaRI > 0.06 in 64.5% of patients, asymmetric ureteral intravesical jets in 74% of cases; 4, normal both kidneys normal IVP) were found in 71 cases (18.8%). In this series we found RI < 0.70 in 80.2%, deltaRI < or = 0.06 in 89% of cases, normal ureteral intravesical jets in 93% of cases. The mean RI was 0.76 (0.05) in 306 obstructed kidneys, significantly higher than the mean RI of 0.62 (0.05) in 448 normal kidneys (P < 0.001). The ARI in patients with obstruction was significantly higher than in patients with normal both kidneys, at 0.08 (0.05) and -0.001 (0.03), respectively (P < 0.001). The RI was sensitive in 75.5% and specific in 92.5% and ARI was sensitive in 80.7% and specific in 95.7% (versus IVP, considered the referee value). The presence of the intravesical ureteral jets of the renal colic side, associated with the values of RI (RI < or = 0.70) and deltaRI (deltaRI < or = 0.06), was followed by spontaneous passage of the stones in 71% of cases. CONCLUSIONS: Renal DDU and consecutively, intravesical evaluation of ureteral jets could detect acute renal obstruction and, as a functional investigation, could have a predictive value regarding the ureteral stones passage. It could replace the IVP, being a sensitive and highly specific test.     

Migration of a broken Kirschner pin into thoracic spinal canal 4 years following internal fixation of a clavicle fracture

Fractures of the clavicle are common injuries and some of them need open reduction and internal fixation. As one of economical and practical implants, Kirschner pins (K-pins) are widely employed to treat clavicle fractures through percutaneous fixation in minimal invasion. However, as one of rare and severe complications, K-pins migrations to ascending aorta, thorax, spine and neck have been published previously. Here, a case of migration of a broken K-pin to thoracic spinal canal 4 years following internal fixation of a clavicle fracture is reported, and concerning attention in clinical practice is discussed.     

Efficacy of maximal androgen blockade versus castration alone in the treatment of advanced prostate cancer： a retrospective clinical experience from a Chinese medical centre

In this retrospective study, we evaluated and compared the efficacy and toxicities of maximal androgen blockade （MAB） versus castration alone in Chinese patients with advanced prostate cancer. From 1996 to 2004, 608 patients with advanced prostate cancer were included in the study. Patients were retrospectively divided into two groups according to different therapeutic regimens. Of the 608 patients, 300 patients were treated with MAB （castration plus nonsteroidal antiandrogens） and the remaining 308 were treated with castration alone. The 2- and 5-year overall survival rates of these patients were 73.7% and 56%, respectively. Multivariate analysis showed that, in patients with metastatic prostate cancer, MAB was associated with not only the improvement of progression-free survival （PFS） （increased by 10 months） but also a 20.6% reduction in mortality risk compared with castration alone. In contrast, the efficacy of MAB was not superior to castration alone for patients with nonmetastatic prostate cancer. Interestingly, among patients with MAB, those using bicalutamide had a longer PFS than those using flutamide; this was especially so in patients with metastatic prostate cancer. Almost all of the toxicities due to the hormone therapy were mild to moderate and manageable. To conclude, in China, hormone therapies, including MAB and castration alone, have been standard treatments for advanced prostate cancer. For patients with nonmetastatic prostate cancer, castration alone might be adequately practical and efficient. In patients with metastatic prostate cancer, however, MAB has superior efficacy over castration alone. It is clear that MAB should be considered the first-line standard treatment for patients with metastatic prostate cancer.     

黄芪对ESWL致兔肾损伤后缺氧诱导因子-1α表达的影响

目的探讨缺氧诱导因子-1α（HIF-1α）在ESWL致肾脏损伤中的作用及黄芪是否通过调节HIF-1α的表达而发挥对肾脏的保护作用。方法45只家兔随机分为对照组、ESWL损伤组和黄芪治疗组,每组15只,除对照组外,所有动物接受ESWL处理（18kV,1 500次）。黄芪治疗组家兔于冲击前3d至后2d,每天注射黄芪注射液2.0g/kg。2周后处死家兔,取肾脏HE染色观察肾组织形态学改变,免疫组织化学染色观察HIF-1α在肾脏中的表达。结果ESWL处理后肾小管上皮细胞肿胀、脱落,小管内可见大量管型,肾间质大量炎细胞浸润;黄芪治疗组以上病变显著减轻。ESWL损伤组HIF-1α显著表达于肾小管上皮细胞及间质,黄芪能够明显抑制HIF-1α的表达。结论HIF-1α参与了ESWL对肾脏的损伤,黄芪可能通过抑制HIF-1α的表达发挥对肾脏的保护作用。     

Mechanical loading increased BMP‐2 expression which promoted osteogenic differentiation of tendon‐derived stem cells

This study aimed to investigate the effect of repetitive tensile loading on the expression of BMP‐2 and the effect of BMP‐2 on the osteogenic differentiation of tendon‐derived stem cells (TDSCs) in vitro. Repetitive stretching was applied to TDSCs isolated from rat patellar tendon at 0%, 4%, and 8%, 0.5 Hz. The expression of BMP‐2 was detected by Western blotting and qPCR. To study the osteogenic effects of BMP‐2 on TDSCs, BMP‐2 was added to the TDSC monolayer for the detection of ALP activity and calcium nodule formation in a separate experiment. TDSCs adhered, proliferated, and aligned along the direction of externally applied tensile force while they were randomly oriented in the control group. Western blotting showed increased expression of BMP‐2 in 4% and 8% stretching groups but not in the control group. Up‐regulation of BMP‐2 mRNA was also observed in the 4% stretching group. BMP‐2 increased the osteogenic differentiation of TDSCs as indicated by higher ALP cytochemical staining, ALP activity, and calcium nodule formation. Repetitive tensile loading increased the expression of BMP‐2 and addition of BMP‐2 enhanced osteogenic differentiation of TDSCs. Activation of BMP‐2 expression in TDSCs during tendon overuse might provide a possible explanation of ectopic calcification in calcifying tendinopathy. © 2010 Orthopaedic Research Society. Published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Orthop Res 29:390–396, 2011     

复杂困难腹腔镜胆囊切除术116例报告

目的探讨腹腔镜下复杂困难胆囊切除术的处理技巧。方法回顾性分析2002年4月～2010年8月我院116例复杂困难LC的临床资料,对腹腔严重粘连、重度肥胖、胆囊颈结石嵌顿、解剖变异、胆囊萎缩等复杂困难情况,采取相应的手术技巧,行Calot三角精细解剖等处理。结果 104例成功施行LC,12例中转开腹,包括冰冻状胆囊三角结构不清3例,Mirizzi综合征2例,胆囊癌2例,胆管损伤2例,胆囊结肠内瘘2例,胆囊十二指肠内瘘1例。共发生并发症10例,其中胆管损伤2例,出血2例,胆漏3例,穿刺口感染1例,术后腹腔内感染2例,经开腹手术结合ERCP、EST、ENBD和B超引导穿流,全部治愈。116例随访1～36个月,平均22.4月,无并发症发生。结论腹腔镜下复杂困难胆囊切除术中精细解剖Calot三角是手术成功的关键,防止周围脏器损伤是成功的基础,适时中转开腹是手术安全的前提。     

控制性降压联合穴位电刺激对术后认知功能障碍的影响

目的：探讨七氟烷麻醉下以硝酸甘油行控制性降压联合穴位电刺激对术后认知功能障碍的影响。方法：选择ASAⅠ～Ⅲ级,45～65岁行单节段腰椎切开复位内固定手术患者75例,随机分为穴位刺激联合硝酸甘油控制性降压组（T组,n=36）及单纯硝酸甘油控制性降压组（N组,n=39）,分别给予相应的治疗。结果：术后1、3dT组术后认知功能障碍发生率较N组明显降低（P〈0.05,P〈0.01）;5d发生率两组无显著差异（P〉0.05）。术后各时间点两组患者血清S-100β浓度均较术前升高（P〈0.05,P〈0.01）。术后1、3dT组血清S-100β较N组明显减低（P〈0.05,P〈0.01）,术后5d两组无显著差异。结论：七氟烷麻醉下行控制性降压联合经皮穴位电刺激可降低术后认知功能障碍的发生率。     

经胸乳径路腔镜甲状腺切除术91例

目的：探讨经胸乳径路腔镜甲状腺手术的临床效果。方法：全麻下行胸乳径路腔镜甲状腺切除术91例,其中结节性甲状腺肿48例,甲状腺腺瘤38例,甲状腺乳头状癌5例。结果：91例均顺利完成手术,手术时间50～195min,平均（120.5±29.6）min;术后发生颈部皮下积液和一过性声音嘶哑各1例。随访2～44个月,中位数21个月,无复发,患者对手术及美容效果均表满意。结论：胸乳径路腔镜甲状腺切除术是安全可行的,具有很好的美容效果。     

Use of nonabsorbable polymer ligaclip in hand-assisted laparoscopic nephrectomy for living donor

BACKGROUND: Laparoscopic living donor nephrectomy for kidney transplantation is a technique that began in South America only recently. This procedure offers several advantages compared with open nephrectomy due to the minor pain, better cosmetic results, and shorter length of hospital stay. Herein we have described our experience with the use of nonabsorbable polymer ligaclip (NPL) to control the renal artery, vein, and ureter in hand-assisted laparoscopic donor nephrectomy (HALN). METHODS: We performed a review of 85 HALNs for renal transplantation at our institution between January 2004 and August 2007. We evaluated the preoperative characteristics of the donor, surgical parameters, and complications. RESULTS: Fifty six percent of donors were men. Mean donor age was 34.4 years (range = 18 to 60). Left-sided nephrectomy was performed in 85%. Mean surgical time was 132 minute (range = 90 to 240) and among the last 35 nephrectomies, 120 minute (range = 90 to 180). Mean warm ischemia time was 240 seconds (range = 120 to 420). Conversion rate was 1.1%. Mortality was one case (1.1%) secondary to an episode of massive pulmonary thromboembolism. Mean length of hospital stay was 2.5 days (range 2 to 5) and mean blood loss, 125 mL. No complication related to the NPL was observed. CONCLUSIONS: Laparoscopy living donor nephrectomy was a safe procedure for kidney transplantation. The training and experience of the surgeon was reflected in shorter times of surgery. The NPL was safe and cost-effective, not increasing morbidity of the procedure.