基于电子舌智能感官评定与人工口尝评价相结合的新五汁饮矫味技术研究

目的:通过电子舌智能感官评定与人工口尝评价相结合的方法筛选新五汁饮的最佳矫味剂.方法:基于电子舌技术综合评分从常用的20种矫味剂中筛选出味觉响应值相近的矫味剂,再通过人工口尝评价优选出最佳的一种矫味剂.电子舌智能感官评定统计分析采用95％可信区间重叠法进行多组间的比较,人工口尝评价结果采用DPS统计软件中单向有序列联表...     

细胞分裂周期蛋白42高表达在雌激素诱导的乳腺癌细胞耐药性增强过程中的作用

目的 观察细胞分裂周期蛋白42(Cdc42)在雌激素作用下的变化,探讨细胞内物质运输的改变在雌激素引发的乳腺癌细胞耐药中的意义.方法 分别以100 ng/ml 17β雌二醇(E2)处理MCF-7细胞,以Cdc42的小干扰RNA(siRNA) Stealth Select RNAiTM siRNA转染MCF-7细胞.采用四甲基偶氮唑蓝法检测细胞的药物敏感性,流式细胞术检测细胞内阿霉素(ADM)的蓄积量,实时荧光定量聚合酶链反应检测细胞的Cdc42 mRNA表达,Western blot法检测细胞活化的Cdc42蛋白及总Cdc42蛋白表达量.结果 E2处理后,ADM对MCF-7细胞的半数抑制浓度(IC50)由(0.098±0.011) μg/ml增高到(0.134±0.130)μg/ml(P＜0.05),细胞内ADM的相对含量则由7.253±0.310下降为3.233±0.313(P＜0.05),而Cdc42 mRNA、活化Cdc42蛋白及总Cdc42蛋白的表达量均显著增加(P＜0.05).Cdc42 siRNA转染后,ADM对MCF-7细胞的IC50下降到(0.057±0.017)μg/ml(P＜0.05),细胞内ADM的相对含量增高为11.217±0.521(P＜0.05),而Cdc42 mRNA、活化Cdc42蛋白及总Cdc42蛋白则均有显著下降(P＜0.05).结论 雌激素可以诱导乳腺癌细胞耐药性增强,其机制可能是通过上调Cdc42基因的转录、表达和活化,加速胞内物质运输速度,使得化疗药物无法在细胞内聚集.

Abstract：

Objective To investigate the changes of Cdc42 expression under estrogen stimulation, and to explore the signaling pathway of intracellular material transportation caused by estrogen. Methods MTT was used to test the drug sensitivity of cells. Real-time PCR was used to evaluate the expression of Cdc42 mRNA. The amount of ADM accumulated in MCF-7 cells was detected by flow cytometry. The protein levels of active-Cdc42 and Total-Cdc42 were measured by Western blot. Results IC50 of ADM in MCF-7 cells was increased from (0.098±0.011)μg/ml to (0.134±0.130)μg/ml (P<0.05) after estrogen stimulation. The amount of ADM accumulated in MCF-7 cells was reduced from 7.253±0.310 to 3.233±0.313 (P<0.05). All of Cdc42 mRNA, active-Cdc42 protein and total-Cdc42 protein were increased (P<0.05). After the treatment with siRNA, the IC50 of ADM in siRNA group was decreased to (0.057±0.017)μg/ml (P<0.05) compared with that in the control group. The amount of accumulated ADM was significantly increased in the siRNA group, and all the expression levels of Cdc42 mRNA, active-Cdc42 protein and total-Cdc42 protein were decreased in the siRNA group (P<0.05). Conclusions Estrogen enhances the drug resistance in breast cancer cells. The mechanism of this effect may be via the enhancing Cdc42 expression and decreasing the accumulation of chemotherapeutic drugs in the cancer cells.     

蟾酥脂质微球注射液对四种荷瘤裸鼠肿瘤生长的抑制作用

目的:观察蟾酥脂质微球注射液对荷人肝癌Hep G2、人食管癌EC9706、人结肠癌HCT-8和人胃癌BGC 803瘤株裸鼠肿瘤生长的抑制作用.方法:在BALB/c-nu裸鼠右前肢腋下接种4种人癌细胞株建立荷瘤动物模型,移植10 d后采用均衡法随机分为5组,即蟾酥脂质微球注射液高剂量组(2.50 mg/kg)、中剂量组(1.25 mg/kg)、低剂量组(0.63 mg/kg)以及阳性药组(氟尿嘧啶注射液,1.25 mg/kg)和阴性对照组(等体积脂质微球空白注射液),每组7只裸鼠,给药体积0.2 ml.采用尾静脉注射方法给药,各组动物于分组后每周给药2次,连续给药6次.于给药后动态检测并计算各组肿瘤体积(Vt)、肿瘤相对体积(VRT)、肿瘤增殖率(T/C),末次给药后3 d检测并计算各组肿瘤质量和抑瘤率.结果:各组裸鼠给药前肿瘤体积均无显著性差异.荷人肝癌Hep G2细胞瘤裸鼠给药7 d后,各剂量组肿瘤体积和相对肿瘤体积均较阴性对照组明显降低(P<0.05),末次给药后中、高剂量组T/C值<40%,各剂量组的平均肿瘤质量均较阴性对照组明显降低(P<0.05),高剂量组的抑瘤率为74.07%.荷人食管癌EC9706瘤裸鼠末次给药后,各剂量组肿瘤体积和相对肿瘤体积均较阴性对照组明显降低(P<0.05),中、高剂量组T/C值<40%,各剂量组的平均肿瘤质量均较阴性对照组明显降低(P<0.05),高剂量组的抑瘤率为70.38%.荷人结肠癌HCT-8细胞瘤裸鼠末次给药后,各剂量组肿瘤体积和相对肿瘤体积均较阴性对照组明显降低(P<0.05),高剂量组T/C值<40%,各剂量组的平均肿瘤质量均较阴性对照组明显降低(P<0.05),高剂量组的抑瘤率为52.42%.荷人胃癌BGC 803细胞瘤裸鼠末次给药后,中、高剂量组的肿瘤体积和相对肿瘤体积均较阴性对照组明显降低(P<0.05),各剂量组T/C值>40%,各剂量组的平均肿瘤质量均较阴性对照组明显降低(P<0.05),高剂量组的抑瘤率为47.42%.结论:蟾酥脂质微球注射液具有确切的抑制人肝癌Hep G2、食管癌EC9706、结肠癌HCT-8和胃癌BGC 803瘤株增殖的作用,作用效果以抑制人肝癌Hep G2和人食管癌EC9706瘤株生长作用为最佳.     

Inherited variation in circadian rhythm genes and risks of prostate cancer and three other cancer sites in combined cancer consortia

Circadian disruption has been linked to carcinogenesis in animal models, but the evidence in humans is inconclusive. Genetic variation in circadian rhythm genes provides a tool to investigate such associations. We examined associations of genetic variation in nine core circadian rhythm genes and six melatonin pathway genes with risk of colorectal, lung, ovarian and prostate cancers using data from the Genetic Associations and Mechanisms in Oncology (GAME‐ON) network. The major results for prostate cancer were replicated in the Prostate, Lung, Colorectal and Ovarian (PLCO) cancer screening trial, and for colorectal cancer in the Genetics and Epidemiology of Colorectal Cancer Consortium (GECCO). The total number of cancer cases and controls was 15,838/18,159 for colorectal, 14,818/14,227 for prostate, 12,537/17,285 for lung and 4,369/9,123 for ovary. For each cancer site, we conducted gene‐based and pathway‐based analyses by applying the summary‐based Adaptive Rank Truncated Product method (sARTP) on the summary association statistics for each SNP within the candidate gene regions. Aggregate genetic variation in circadian rhythm and melatonin pathways were significantly associated with the risk of prostate cancer in data combining GAME‐ON and PLCO, after Bonferroni correction (p_pathway < 0.00625). The two most significant genes were NPAS2 (p_gene = 0.0062) and AANAT (p_gene = 0.00078); the latter being significant after Bonferroni correction. For colorectal cancer, we observed a suggestive association with the circadian rhythm pathway in GAME‐ON (p_pathway = 0.021); this association was not confirmed in GECCO (p_pathway = 0.76) or the combined data (p_pathway = 0.17). No significant association was observed for ovarian and lung cancer. These findings support a potential role for circadian rhythm and melatonin pathways in prostate carcinogenesis. Further functional studies are needed to better understand the underlying biologic mechanisms.     

INTRABEAM实施乳腺癌术中放疗系统临床应用观察(附20例报告)

目的:评价INTRABEAM术中放射治疗系统临床应用的安全性和优势.方法:INTRABEAM对20例保乳手术患者实施术中瘤床放疗,均为单次照射每次20Gy,施用器规格为4.5cm(范围1.5-5.0cm),治疗持续时间35.5-51分钟.结果:术中照射治疗后有3例发生治疗区局部积液,经抽吸并加压包扎后愈合,乳房水肿1例.结论:INTRABEAM术中放射治疗系统近期无明显毒副作用,INTRABEAM术中放射治疗系统是一项安全良好耐受性技术,病人乐于接受.     

Reduction of Foxp3+ T cell subsets involved in incidence of chronic graft‐versus‐host disease after allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation

Foxp3+ T cells (CD4+ Tregs and CD8+ Treg) have been demonstrated to play roles in the maintenance of tolerance after allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (Allo‐HSCT). We have found that Foxp3+ γδTCR+ Treg cells (γδTregs) exerted regulatory functions. In the current study, patients were recruited and divided as non‐cGVHD, limited cGVHD and extensive cGVHD groups. Healthy volunteers were recruited as healthy group. Treg cells were evaluated by flow cytometry. Serum cytokine levels of IL‐2, tumour necrosis factor‐α, interferon‐γ and transforming growth factor‐β1 (TGF‐β1) were evaluated by ELISA. The results showed that percentages of CD4+ Tregs, CD8+ Tregs and γδTregs were all significantly increased in non‐cGVHD group compared with those in healthy group, limited cGVHD group and extensive cGVHD group. Moreover, compared with extensive cGVHD group, percentages of these three types of Tregs were significantly increased in limited cGVHD group. The levels of TGF‐β1 increased dramatically in non‐cGVHD group compared with other groups. Spearman's correlation analysis revealed that the increased levels of TGF‐β1 and IL‐2 were positively associated with increased Treg subsets, indicating that TGF‐β1 and IL‐2 participated in the expansion process of Foxp3+ Tregs in vivo. Our findings support that increasing the number of Tregs following allo‐HSCT would be a preferential strategy for controlling cGVHD. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

CD166对鼻咽癌CNE-2细胞放射敏感性的影响

目的 探讨CD166对鼻咽癌CNE-2细胞放射敏感性的影响.方法 采用流式细胞术检测鼻咽癌CNE-2细胞膜CD166阳性表达率,免疫磁珠分选技术获得CNE-2-CD166(+)、CNE-2-CD166(-)细胞亚群,克隆形成实验验证其放射敏感性,CCK-8法及流式细胞术检测10 Gy剂量照射前后的细胞增殖率及细胞凋亡率.结果 CNE-2细胞膜CD166阳性表达率为(24.27±5.31)％,分选后CNE-2-CD166(+)细胞CD166阳性表达率为96.5％,CNE-2-CD166(-)细胞为0.6％.克隆形成实验结果显示,CNE-2-CD166(-)细胞相对CNE-2-CD166(+)细胞的放射增敏比(sensitization enhancement ratio,SER)为1.24.10Gy照射后24 h、48 h和72 h,CNE-2-CD166(+)细胞的存活分数分别为(76.66±3.36)％、(62.44± 1.66)％和(55.21±3.39)％,CNE-2-CD166(-)细胞为(60.34±5.13)％、(41.11±3.00)％和(35.28±4.36)％,同时段内两组细胞的存活分数比较,差异均有统计学意义(P＜0.05).10 Gy照射前,CNE-2-CD 166(+)细胞和CNE-2-CD166(-)细胞凋亡率分别为(5.87±1.14)％和(6.67±1.68)％,差异无统计学意义(P＞0.05);10 Gy照射后48 h,CNE-2-CD166(+)细胞凋亡率为(19.37±2.54)％,显著低于CNE-2-CD166(-)细胞的(28.90±4.04)％,差异有统计学意义(P=0.026).结论 CD166表达阳性的鼻咽癌CNE-2细胞对放射更具抗拒性,可能与减少细胞受照射后的凋亡率降低有关.     

The novel infra‐pectineal buttress plates used for internal fixation of elderly quadrilateral surface involved acetabular fractures

ObjectivesIn geriatric acetabular fractures, the quadrilateral surface (QLS) was frequently involved in acetabular fracture patterns and accompanied by medial displacement. It was important to buttress the medial displaced QLS and reconstruct the congruity of the affected acetabulum. To evaluate the clinical effectiveness of the novel infra‐pectineal quadrilateral surface buttress plates for the treatment of geriatric acetabular fractures.MethodsTwenty‐three geriatric patients who were treated for acetabular fractures involving QLS with the novel infra‐pectineal buttress plates (NIBP) through a single supra‐ilioinguinal approach between January 2015 and June 2019 were retrospectively analyzed; all patients received at least 1 year''s follow‐up. All patients were aged ≥60 years old and including 18 males and five females. Radiologic and clinical outcomes of patients involved in the study were collated and analyzed according to the Matta scoring system and the Merle D''Aubigné–Postel scoring system. The functional recovery scoring was compared using q‐test.ResultsAll 23 consecutive patients had relatively satisfactory clinical treatment effectiveness. Average ages, length of incision, operation time, and intraoperative blood loss were 69.8 ± 6.1 years, 12.1 ± 2.6 cm, 166.5 ± 43.5 min, and 500 (500,700) ml, respectively. According to the Matta scoring system, 14 cases of reduction were graded as excellent, five as good, and four as fair. At the last follow‐up, the clinical outcome evaluation was excellent in 13 cases, good in seven cases, and poor in three cases with the use of the Merle D''Aubigné–Postel scoring system. The difference of modified Merle D''Aubigne‐Postel score at 3 months, 6 months and last follow up was statistically significant (F = 21.56, p < 0.05). Postoperative lateral femoral cutaneous nerve injury occurred in three patients and heterotopic ossification occurred in one patient.ConclusionsFor the treatment of geriatric acetabular fractures, the NIBP could provide stable and effective fixation to the QLS involved acetabular fractures, and related satisfactory clinical results with few complications were noted.     

多囊卵巢综合症患者血清betatrophin水平与胰岛素抵抗的相关性研究

目的：探讨多囊卵巢综合征（polycystic ovary syndrome,PCOS）患者中betatrophin水平与胰岛素抵抗的相关性。方法：在横断面研究中,纳入了44名PCOS患者和35名健康妇女。计算稳态模型胰岛素抵抗指数（homeostatic model assessment insulin resistance,HOMA-IR）及稳态模型胰岛β细胞功能指数（homeostatic model assessment β cell function,HOMA-β）,并采用酶联免疫吸附法（enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay,ELISA）测定血清betatrophin水平,分析betatrophin与胰岛素抵抗（insulin resis－tance,IR）的关系。同时观察37名PCOS患者经二甲双胍及罗格列酮钠治疗3个月后上述指标的变化情况。结果：PCOS患者血清betatrophin水平明显低于正常对照组[（0.43±0.15） ng/mL和（1.17±0.57） ng/mL,P=0.000]。相关性分析表明,在PCOS患者中,血清betatrophin水平与空腹血糖（fasting plasma glucose,FPG）、餐后2h血糖（2h postprandial plasma glucose,2hPG）、空腹胰岛素（fasting insulin,FINS）、HOMA-IR、超敏C反应蛋白（high-sensitivity C-reactive protein,hs-CRP）水平呈负相关（r=-0.331,r=-0.372,r=-0.311,r=-0.337,r=-0.338,均P＜0.05）。多元逐步回归分析显示,在PCOS患者中,HOMA-IR是betatrophin的独立影响因素（P＜0.05）。罗格列酮+二甲双胍治疗3个月后,PCOS患者betatrophin浓度较其基线值升高[（0.87±0.51） ng/mL和（0.42±0.17） ng/mL,P=0.000]。结论：PCOS患者存在betatrophin水平明显降低,且与IR负相关。     

神经外科专科医师规培中神经重症培训实践

神经重症培训是神经外科专科医师规培的重要组成部分。神经重症既是神经外科的亚专业,又兼顾重症医学特点,具有其自身专业特色。结合临床培训和实践经验,从培训基本要求、理论培训、技能培训、科研训练、人文修养提高及考核标准等方面,总结既有培训模式及实践经验,探讨神经外科专科医师规培中神经重症的培训模式,以期进一步改进培训方式和提高培训效果,为培养合格的全面发展的神经外科专科医师提供参考。