中药祛风湿作用的本质是抑制自身免疫

以新世纪(第2版)全国高等中医药院校规划教材《中药学》第11章的34味祛风湿药为对象,通过查阅、整理、分析和归纳2014年以前公开发表的祛风湿药免疫作用的原始研究文献,提出中药祛风湿作用的本质是抑制自身免疫这一假说。     

A precise and specific method for quick determinationof sulfur fumigation for moutan cortex

Objective: Establish a quick, precise and specific method to determine whether the moutan cortex obtained from market is processed with sulfur; provide a reliable method for the scientific evaluation.Methods: Three methods, including acid-base titration method, high-performance liquid-chromatography(HPLC) method, and ultraperformance liquid chromatography coupled with time-of-flight mass spectrometry(UHPLC-TOF-MS) method were used to detect whether30 batches of samples were fumigated with sulfur.Results: The results of three methods were substantially the same. Fifteen batches were identified to have been processed with sulfur fumigation, while others were not.Conclusions: The HPLC method was found to be most appropriate for the determination of sulfur fumigation for moutan cortex.     

颅脑外伤性迟发性出血的CT诊断

目的：用ＣＴ随访研究颅内迟发性血肿,方法：在２３２例颅脑外伤患者中行ＣＴ随访检查,结果：６１例发现有迟发性颅内出血,其中３８例为原血肿增大或出现新的血肿;８例为对冲伤血肿,１５例为脑挫伤与小量散在出血灶,结论：在外伤病例中,即使开初ＣＴ扫描为阴性者,如病人的临床表现有改变,如症状加重,意识丧失,抽搐等,应立即行ＣＴ复查,对ＣＴ随访的价值及迟发出血的机理也进行了讨论。     

cDNA of the immunoglobulin kappa chain of an Epstein-Barr virus-transformed human lymphoid cell line: partial sequence determination and bacterial expression.

We report the isolation, nucleotide sequence determination, and bacterial expression of a partial cDNA for the immunoglobulin kappa chain from the Epstein-Barr virus-transformed human lymphoid cell line GM131. The cDNA, cloned in pBR322 by use of oligo(dG) X oligo(dC) tails, yields two Pst I fragments of 250 and 600 base pairs (bp). Various restriction enzyme fragments of the cDNA were subcloned in the vectors M13 mp10 and M13 mp11 for sequence analysis. As a result of instability of the 250-bp M13 subclones, the base sequence of the 250-bp Pst I fragment could not be determined. The 600-bp Pst I fragment contains coding sequences for part of the variable (V) region (residues 78-95) and all of the joining (J) (residues 96-108) and constant (C) regions (residues 109-212) and extends 148 bp into the 3' flanking region. Although the C- and 3'-flanking-region sequences are identical to germ-line sequences, the J-region sequence does not correspond to any of the five human germ-line J regions. The sequence is most similar to that of J4, with three base changes resulting in one silent mutation and two amino acid substitutions, at residues 103 (Lys----Tyr) and 106 (Ile---Met). The silent mutation appears to be the result of RNA splicing between the J and the C regions. The V-region sequence differs from published V-region germ-line sequences at several codons and from the more common amino acid sequences at two positions, residues 91 and 93. At these positions, histidine residues are found in place of the more common tyrosine and serine, respectively. None of the four amino acid substitutions observed for the GM131 kappa-chain are unique, suggesting that the changes, which most likely contribute to antigenic specificity, are compatible with antibody structure and function. The 600-bp Pst I fragment was subcloned in two prokaryotic expression vectors, pATH11 and pUC8. In both instances, a kappa-chain fusion protein detectable by immunoblotting was produced.     

Frequency of erythrocyte pyruvate kinase deficiency in Chinese infants

The incidence of deficiency of the enzyme pyruvate kinase (PK) in Chinese infants was determined. Both the standard assay of erythrocyte pyruvate kinase enzyme activity and a fluorescent screening test (standardized) were used. The results of these two tests were compared. Of 1,159 infant cord blood samples studied, 26 (or 2.2%) had abnormally low levels of PK activity using the screening test, as did 24 of the samples tested by the enzyme assay. The results indicate that the frequency of a defective PK gene in the population of Guangzhou is significantly lower (p less than .05) than the previously reported defective gene frequency of 3.4% in Hong Kong. They also demonstrate the critical importance of standardization of the screening test, if most accurate estimates of gene frequency are to be derived by using this test.     

Cytochrome P-450 metabolic activity in embryonic and extraembryonic tissue lineages of mouse embryos.

Mouse morulae, blastocysts, and embryonic and extraembryonic tissue layers were examined for benzo[a]-pyrene metabolism by cytochrome P-450, using the sister chromatid exchange assay. Benzo[a]pyrene exposure in vitro increased sister chromatid exchanges in blastocysts of all genetically responsive mice examined [BALB/cDub, C3H/AnfCum, and outbred Dub:(ICR) strains] but not blastocysts of the nonresponsive AKR/J strain. Benzo[a]pyrene treatment of responsive 7 1/2- and 8 1/2-day (postimplantation-stage) embryos, either intact or as separate tissue layers, increased sister chromatid exchanges in tissues of both embryonic and extraembryonic lineages--i.e., in the embryo proper, in isolated embryonic ectoderm, and in yolk sac, chorion, extraembryonic ectoderm, and extraembryonic endoderm layers. These results indicate that cytochrome P-450 is active in most or all tissues of the early mammalian embryo. It could metabolize xenobiotic molecules reaching the conceptus near the onset of morphogenesis and organogenesis, or it could have another as yet undefined role in normal development.     

Growth and differentiation of human nasal epithelial cells in culture. Serum-free, hormone-supplemented medium and proteoglycan synthesis

Ham's F12 medium supplemented with insulin (Ins), transferrin (Tf), epidermal growth factor (EGF), hydrocortisone (HC), T3, cholera toxin (CT), and bovine hypothalamus extract (BHE) was developed for in vitro growth of human nasal epithelial (HNE) cells. The HNE cells were dissociated from freshly excised nasal polyps or turbinates with protease. Colony-forming efficiency of primary HNE cells was approximately 5%. Growth studies showed Ins, BHE, and CT were essential for growth; HC, EGF, Tf, and T3 were also stimulatory for growth. The growth rate in this serum-free, hormone-supplemented medium was 24 h per population doubling. Up to 20 population doublings and 3 passages of dissociated HNE cells could be achieved. Addition of serum to this culture medium inhibited epithelial cell growth. Vitamin A had no apparent effect on cell growth but induced an alteration in the morphologic characteristics of the cell. The epithelial nature of cultured cells was confirmed by positive staining with antihuman keratin antibody, ultrastructural studies, and by formation of a columnar, ciliated epithelium in denuded tracheal grafts repopulated by these cultured HNE cells. Biochemical analyses of glycoproteins (labeled with 3H-glucosamine and/or 35S-sulfate) secreted by cultured HNE cells were unable to demonstrate the secretion of mucinlike glycoproteins in culture. Instead, major secretory products of cultured cells were hyaluronate and heparan sulfate. These results were in agreement with morphologic observations that showed no mucus-secreting granules in cultured cells. Dome formation was observed in high cell density cultures. We conclude that HNE cells can be cultured in well-defined culture media. As indicated by formation of domes, these cells may be useful for in vitro ion transport studies. Further differentiation, however, may be required for studies of mucin synthesis.     

Frequency and significance of induced sustained ventricular tachycardia or fibrillation two weeks after acute myocardial infarction

Electrophysiologic study, 24-hour ambulatory electrocardiographic monitoring, treadmill exercise test and angiographic evaluations were performed in 45 patients 14 +/- 3 days (mean +/- standard deviation) after acute myocardial infarction. Electrophysiologic study protocol included burst ventricular pacing and 1 to 3 ventricular extrastimuli at 2 cycle lengths from right ventricular apex, right ventricular outflow and left ventricle. Sustained monomorphic ventricular tachycardia (VT) (13 patients) or ventricular fibrillation (VF) (7 patients) was induced in 20 patients (44%) (group I). In these 20 patients, VT/VF was inducible with 2 extrastimuli in 10 patients, 3 extrastimuli in 9 patients and burst pacing in 1 patient. In the remaining 25 patients (56%), induction of no fewer than 7 ventricular beats were noted (group II). Severe left ventricular (LV) wall motion abnormalities occurred in 70% of group I patients and 22% of group II patients (p less than 0.005). There was no difference in the site of infarction, frequency and grade of ventricular ectopic rhythm on ambulatory electrocardiographic monitoring, double product on submaximal exercise, LV ejection fraction, and number of obstructed coronary arteries (70% or greater) (p greater than 0.1) between group I and group II patients. During a mean follow-up of 10 +/- 3 months, 1 patient in each group died suddenly, and in 1 group I patient spontaneous sustained VT developed which was identical in morphologic configuration to that induced during electrophysiologic study. In conclusion, electrical induction of sustained VT or VF during electrophysiologic study is common in patients 2 weeks after acute myocardial infarction.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)     

Serial electrophysiologic studies of the effects of oral diltiazem on paroxysmal supraventricular tachycardia

In 16 patients with paroxysmal supraventricular tachycardia, electrophysiologic studies were done before and serially at hourly intervals for eight hours after the third oral dose of 90 mg diltiazem given every eight hours. Diltiazem increased both the longest atrial paced cycle length producing type 1 atrioventricular block and the effective refractory period of the atrioventricular conducting system at all measurements. Before diltiazem, all 16 patients had induction of sustained tachycardia. After diltiazem, sustained tachycardia could not be induced in ten patients at any measurements; in these patients, either echo or nonsustained tachycardia was induced. In the remaining six patients, sustained tachycardia was induced, particularly after six hours. Follow-up observations in 12 patients receiving the same dosage of oral diltiazem for 6 +/- 2 months (mean +/- SD), showed that of the eight patients in whom electrophysiologic testing induced either echo or nonsustained tachycardia, six were asymptomatic and two experienced transient palpitation. Of the other four patients with induction of sustained tachycardia, three had transient palpitation and one had occasional attacks of sustained tachycardia requiring modification of therapy. Thus, oral diltiazem increases atrioventricular nodal refractoriness, with an effect lasting up to eight hours. It is an effective agent for the prophylaxis of paroxysmal supraventricular tachycardia.     

脑血肿动物模型的建立及MRI表现

本文详细介绍了脑血肿动物模型的建立方法，其成功的关键是，选择适当的钻孔点和注入的深度及血肿量，此外掌握好注入的速度也很重要，同时了各期龄脑血肿模型的ＭＲＩ表现，还有血肿模型的价值评价。