弥漫性轴索损伤病人的护理

弥漫性轴索损伤（diffuse axonal injury，DAI）是以胼胝体、脑十等中线部位局灶性病变及脑白质广泛性轴索损伤为主，以原发昏迷时间长而又缺乏神经定位体征为其临床特征的一组原发性弥散性脑损伤。在重型颅脑损伤中占20％，病死率高达42％～62％。最常见于车祸颅脑损伤病人，也可见于高处坠落伤者。病人多合并其他部位损伤，特点为伤情重、变化快、并发症和休克发生率高，且病死率高。护理时矛盾多，易顾此失彼，影响临床治疗效果。为更好地总结对该类损伤病人的救治，     

经胸门奇静脉断流术的外科解剖学基础(附52例临床疗效分析报告)

观测了１００例成年尸体胃底、贲门及食管区静脉。结果显示：胃左、右静脉的出现率是９６％和９２％，胃小弯侧的静脉分布可归纳为５型：胃左静脉型、胃右静脉型、胃左静脉优势型、胃右静脉优势型和胃左右静脉均衡型。胃后静脉出现率为７３．６％，胃左静脉与左膈下静脉间有相对恒定的吻合，此种情况占４８％。在此基础上作者于１９７６年３月至１９９２年３月对５２例因门脉高压症大出血患者行经胸门奇静脉断流术，急症手术死亡率为４．９％，急症手术止血率为９２．６％，远期再出血率为１１．４％。作者认为彻底断流的关键是识别胃小弯侧静脉分型、胃左静脉汇入部位及属支变化；胃后静脉及门腔吻合。阐述了经胸门奇静脉断流的优越性。     

交链孢酚单甲醚在大鼠小鼠体内的分布

对食管癌高发区粮食中分离的互隔交链孢霉的毒素交链孢酚单甲醚(AME)在大鼠、小鼠体内的分布进行研究。给动物腹腔内注射氚标记的交链孢酚单甲醚(~3H-AME),然后在不同时间测各脏器的放射性。结果表明:在所测9个脏器中,2h肝脏含量最高,食管下段在大小鼠分别居第四和第三。但大小鼠分别在72、24h则以食管下段最高,说明AME及其代谢物在此清除较慢,即对其有较高的亲和力。     

黄疸出血群赖型017株钩端螺旋体外膜单克隆抗体免疫...

BALB/c mice were immunized intraperitoneally with outer envelopes of serogroup icterohaemorrhagiae lai serovar strain 017 leptospires. Monoclonal antibodies against outer envelopes (IgG, agglutinating titre 1:25,600) were produced by hybridoma technique. The monoclonal antibodies ascites (diluted 1:100) 1 ml administered intraperitoneally 1 hour before the intraperitoneal injection of 2 x 10(8) leptospires of strain 017 and the subsequent daily administration of McAb in similar doses for five days protected 80% of guinea pigs. Survival rates of three control groups which received physiological saline, ascites of BALB/c mouse myeloma cell lines SP2/0, and monoclonal antibodies against Pseudomonas aeruginosa in place of monoclonal antibodies against outer envelopes of strain 017 leptospires were 10%, 20% and 10% respectively. When killed 20 days after challenge, guinea pigs of experiment group were normal at autopsy. Old pulmonary haemorrhage were present in the animals of three control groups. Passive immunoprotection experiments have demonstrated immunoprotection of monoclonal antibodies against outer envelopes of strain 017 leptospires. It will be valuable for separating protective antigen fraction of outer envelopes and studying new vaccine of leptospira.     

Formoterol and salbutamol inhibit bradykinin- and histamine-induced airway microvascular leakage in guinea-pig.

1. The effects of the beta 2-adrenoceptor agonists, salbutamol and formoterol, on the increase of microvascular permeability induced by histamine or bradykinin in guinea-pig airways have been studied in vivo. Extravasation of intravenously injected Evans blue dye was used as an index of permeability. The effects of salbutamol and formoterol on the increase in pulmonary airway resistance induced by histamine or bradykinin have also been studied. 2. The increase in pulmonary airway resistance induced by histamine or bradykinin was totally inhibited by salbutamol and formoterol. The ED50 of the two mediators were 0.59 +/- 0.21 (n = 5) and 0.20 +/- 0.14 (n = 5) micrograms kg-1 respectively for salbutamol, and 0.13 +/- 0.12 (n = 6) and 0.02 +/- 0.01 (n = 6) micrograms kg-1 respectively for formoterol. 3. Salbutamol (10 and 30 micrograms kg-1) and formoterol (1 and 10 micrograms kg-1) inhibited the increase of microvascular permeability induced by histamine (30 micrograms kg-1) in the guinea-pig airways. The inhibitory effect was predominant in the trachea and the main bronchi, with a maximum inhibition of 20 to 50%. The two drugs had little or no inhibitory effect on the other structures studied, viz. nasal mucosa, larynx, proximal and distal intrapulmonary airways. 4. Salbutamol and formoterol (1 and 10 micrograms kg-1) abolished the increase in microvascular permeability induced by bradykinin (0.3 micrograms kg-1). This inhibitory effect of two beta-adrenoceptor stimulants was predominant in the trachea and the nasal mucosa where it was observed with 1 microgram kg-1 of the beta-adrenoceptor agonists.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)     

棉尘及吸烟对肺功能影响的观察

对８３名接触棉尘的健康者作肺功能测定，并与３９名不接触棉尘的健康者对照。其中男性均为吸烟者；女性均为不吸烟者。结果表明，ＭＭＥＦ、ＰＥＦＲ、Ｖ２５％～７５％均明显低于对照组（分别为Ｐ＜０．０１和Ｐ＜０．０５）．在男性吸烟组，ＶＣ，ＭＢＣ，ＦＥＶ１％也有明显下降（Ｐ＜０．０１），作者认为棉尘对人体的危害主要部位在小气道，吸烟者因损害严重可累及大气道。以往对棉尘反应的肺功能评估仅以ＦＥＶ１％为指标，不能反映早期的变化，有必要进一步完善。     

杂多阴离子对SiO_2细胞毒性的拮抗作用

本文采用离体细胞培养法,以细胞存活率、乳酸脱氢酶活性和酸性磷酸酶活性为指标,研究了几种α-Keggin结构的杂多阴离子对石英粉尘细胞毒性的影响。结果表明,与对照组比较,所用杂多阴离子无细胞毒性(P>0.05),石英尘经杂多阴离子作用后,细胞毒性显著降低,与石英尘组比较,上述三项指标差异均有显著意义(P<0.01),由此表明杂多阴离子对石英的细胞毒性有明显的拮抗作用。     

我国原料药产业的发展策略

经济全球化进程的加快，中国加入世贸组织，为我国医药产业国际化发展带来了机遇。     

徐元庚老中医治疗肛肠疾病学术经验简介

徐元庚老中医是我院肛肠科奠基人之一,徐老年逾花甲,幼年攻读中医典籍,博采众长,徐老积40余年丰富临床经验对肛肠疾病治疗确有独到之处,发表论文40余篇,并编著《痔瘘疾病临床指南》一书。现就笔者往昔随师学习的点滴体会简述如下:1 熟读经旨,著书立说徐老出身于中医世家,幼承庭训,勤奋研读经典,深究其理,对《内经》、《伤寒》、《金匮》至今仍能背诵如流。在治学方面,主张志于医者,在熟读经典,而后逐步参悟经旨,阅读诸家医集,抱着实事求是的客观态度,掌握取长舍短,去粗存精的学习方法,以防食古不化,或断章取