Normal development of hindgut and anorectum in human embryo

Purpose  

The aim of the present analysis is to examine the morphological changes, the spatiotemporal distribution of apoptosis/proliferation in the human embryonic anorectum, to reveal the normal development of human anorectum, and investigate the possible roles of apoptosis/proliferation during anorectal development.     

Epidemiology and burden of rotavirus infection among children in Hangzhou,China

BackgroundRotavirus is the most common cause of acute diarrhea in children younger than 5 years worldwide. However, few data have been collected on children with rotavirus diarrhea basing on outpatient department surveillance.ObjectivesTo define the epidemiology of rotavirus diarrhea and to investigate the burden associated with diarrhea and rotavirus infection in Hangzhou, China.Study designSystematic surveillance of rotavirus diarrhea was conducted in inpatient wards and outpatient department from January 2007 to December 2008 in the Children's Hospital of Zhejiang University School of Medicine. All stool specimens were tested for rotavirus by latex agglutination test.Results46,499 stool samples were collected and 15,649 (33.7%) were tested positive for rotavirus. Positive rate for rotavirus was highest among children aged 12–24 months (39.0–39.6%). 92.4% children with rotavirus infection were <2 years, with constitution ratios of 21.8%, 41.8%, 21.8%, 8.4% and 6.2% in children aged 0–6 months, 7–12 months, 13–18 months, 19–24 months and >24 months, respectively. The percentage of children whose samples were tested positive for rotavirus ranged from 22.6% to 44.9% at different months, with a peak in October, November and December. The estimated annual rotavirus-associated outpatient visit and hospitalization incidences were 20.1 episodes/1000 children and 2.1 cases/1000 children for children <5 years of age, and were 39.1/1000 and 4.1/1000 for children <2 years of age in Hangzhou, respectively.ConclusionsRotavirus is the leading cause of severe diarrhea of children in Hangzhou, especially for children <2 years, which highlight the need of widespread rotavirus immunization for young children.     

Bufalin,a bufanolide steroid from the parotoid glands of the Chinese toad,inhibits L‐type Ca2+ channels and contractility in rat ventricular myocytes

Bufalin is a bufanolide steroid compound in Chan Su. Chan Su is a traditional Chinese medicine prepared from the dried white secretion of the auricular and skin glands of toads and has been used as an oriental drug. However, the effect of bufalin on cardiac function and its underlying cellular mechanisms remain unclear. Here, we explore the cellular mechanisms of bufalin on myocardial protection via the whole‐cell patch‐clamp recording and video‐based edge detection system. Exposure to bufalin resulted in a concentration‐dependent blockade of I_Ca‐L, with the half‐maximal inhibitory concentration (IC₅₀) of 60 μm and the maximal inhibitory effect of 71.50 ± 2.67%. Bufalin at 100 μm reduced cell shortening by 33.83 ± 4.01%. Bufalin restrained L‐type Ca²⁺ channels conductance, and contractility in rat ventricular myocytes. Thus, the protective effects of bufalin on the heart may be determined by the inhibitory effect on I_Ca‐L and the negative inotropic action caused by the decrease of intracellular Ca²⁺ in rat myocardial cells.     

健康教育对母乳喂养的促进作用

目的 评价健康教育对于提高母乳喂养知识、改善母乳喂养行为、降低母乳喂养母亲情绪焦虑的促进作用。方法 选择202名纯母乳喂养婴幼儿的母亲作为调查对象,分别在婴儿满1、2、3、4月龄时,向母亲发放自行设计的调查问卷,收集母亲对母乳喂养知识、母乳喂养行为及自身焦虑情绪情况等相关资料,根据每位母亲问卷结果,对母亲进行面对面母乳喂养知识、喂养技巧、及情绪调节等相关宣教干预。结果 经过4次健康宣教干预及随访,婴幼儿母亲母乳喂养知识得分由8.43分提高到9.55分;母乳喂养时吸空一侧乳房后再吸另一侧的比例由73.3%提高到87.5%;母亲有焦虑情绪的比例由18.8%下降到13.1%,差异均有统计学意义。结论 健康教育对于提高母亲母乳喂养知识,改善母乳喂养技巧、降低母亲情绪焦虑有着明显的促进作用。     

女子散打运动员大负荷训练阶段部分生化指标变化特点研究

目的 了解大负荷训练期间女子散打运动员生理生化指标的变化规律,同时选择敏感的监控指标,为完善女子散打运动员大负荷训练阶段机能监控体系提供参考.方法 对备战09年全运会的7名上海女子散打运动员大负荷训练期间部分生化指标进行监测,运用实验法与数理统计法,探寻其各指标波动特点,并确定机能监控的敏感指标.结果 Hb先下降后升高,RBC、RDW-CV和HCT先升高后下降并在第3周达到稳定水平；BUN呈现明显的高低交替出现的变化特点,CK在第5周晨出现显著升高；T和T/C呈现先下降后上升的变化趋势,C呈持续升高的趋势；免疫指标波动不显著.结论 大负荷训练导致女子散打运动员Hb下降,训练初期RBC升高可能与训练导致红细胞在体内重新分布有关；BUN保持较低水平,对训练量敏感,变化节奏明显；CK保持在较高水平,对训练强度敏感,个体差异较大；T可以较敏感地反映运动员对训练负荷的适应情况,C可以较敏感地反映运动员的疲劳积累情况；WBC和免疫球蛋白对训练刺激的反映不敏感.     

Liver cancer-related gene CYP2E1 expression in HBV transgenic mice with acute liver injury

The objective of this research was to study the CYP2E1 gene expression in carbon tetrachloride (CCl₄)-induced acute liver injury in hepatitis B virus (HBV) transgenic mice. Twenty-four HBV (?) and 24 HBV (+) transgenic mice aged 8 to 10 weeks were selected for the present study. Intraperitoneal injection of 1.0 μL/g of CCl₄ (1:4 dissolved in olive oil) to mice was performed to induce acute liver injury model. Eight normal clean-grade C57BL/6 mice were taken as the control group. The control group received saline intraperitoneally. The mice in each group were killed 3, 6, 12, 24, 48, and 72 h after injection. The liver tissue samples of mice were collected. The liver histological changes at different time points in each group were observed under light microscope. The quantitative PCR methods were utilized to measure the relative mRNA levels of CYP2E1 gene in liver tissues. Immunohistochemistry and Western blot techniques were used to observe tissue expression levels of CYP2E1 in each group. Compared with that of the control group, mRNA and protein expression levels of CYP2E1 significantly increased both in the HBV (?) group and in the HBV (+) group after the CCl₄ induced the acute liver injury, and it reached the peak at 72 h after the CCl₄ injection. Compared with the HBV (?) group, the mice in the HBV (+) group had severe liver damage and significantly increased CYP2E1 gene and protein expression levels. In the CCl₄-induced acute liver injury of HBV transgenic mice, the CYP2E1 gene expression significantly increased. The results provided evidence for the HBV-induced liver damage and liver cancer pathogenesis.     

Scanning electron microscopy study of cavity preparation in deciduous teeth using the Er:YAG laser with different powers

Using scanning electron microscopy (SEM) we evaluated the morphology of cavity surfaces in deciduous teeth prepared in vitro with the Er:YAG laser with different power parameters. Eight extracted cavity-free deciduous teeth with an intact crown were prepared using a traditional handpiece or an Er:YAG laser with different parameters (10 Hz/200 mJ, 10 Hz/300 mJ and 10 Hz/400 mJ). Samples were then processed and cavity surface morphology was evaluated by SEM to detect open dentinal tubules, or melting or cracking of the dentin. SEM showed that laser cavity preparation in deciduous teeth using different parameters left no smear layer and the dentinal tubules were clear. Dentin melting was not seen after cavity preparation at 200 mJ or 300 mJ, while visible dentin melting and cracks were detected at 400 mJ. The use of the laser at 10 Hz/200 mJ and 10 Hz/300 mJ for cavity preparation in deciduous teeth is safe and effective, but higher powers may damage the dentin.     

Successful management of steroid‐resistant vascular tumors associated with the Kasabach–Merritt phenomenon using sirolimus

Vascular tumors associated with Kasabach–Merritt phenomenon (KMP) are life‐threatening and the mortality is as high as 10–30%. Steroids are considered the primary choice for drug therapy. However, there are many steroid‐resistant cases. In the present study, analyzed data are presented to support the use of sirolimus in clinical practise for the treatment of corticosteroid‐resistant vascular tumors with KMP in eight infants between June 2015 and April 2017 in a single hospital. The time to initial response was 6.8 ± 2.7 days. The average stabilization time for the platelet count was 19.1 ± 8.5 days. At the time of publication, the average duration of sirolimus treatment was 14.1 ± 4.0 months, and the average time for sirolimus treatment as a single agent was 12.6 ± 4.2 months. The side‐effects were tolerable and included oral ulcer, fever, pain, skin rash and transient ascension of serum transaminase and cholesterol. Our study indicated that sirolimus therapy is an effective and safe method for the treatment of corticosteroid resistant vascular tumors associated with KMP in infants.     

Prevalence of SFTSV among Asian House Shrews and Rodents,China, January–August 2013

To evaluate the role of small mammals as hosts of severe fever with thrombocytopenia syndrome virus (SFTSV), we tested serum samples from rodents and shrews in China, collected in 2013. SFTSV antibodies and RNA were detected, suggesting that rodents and shrews might be hosts for SFTSV.