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121.
目的 通过观察人体内痔不同分期粘膜及血管内皮细胞生长因子(VEGF)及碱性成纤维细胞生长因子(FGF2)的表达,探讨内痔的发生及发展机制。 方法 收集南方医院肛肠科门诊手术切除的Ⅰ、Ⅱ、Ⅲ期内痔标本134例(Ⅰ期42例,Ⅱ期45例,Ⅲ期47例),内痔周围正常肠壁组织40例作为对照,采用HE染色观察组织的病理学变化,采用免疫组织化学方法检测血管内皮细胞VEGF及FGF2的表达。 结果 正常组及Ⅰ期内痔黏膜层被覆上皮完整,未见扩张血管;Ⅱ期内痔黏膜层被覆上皮破坏,黏膜肌层破坏,黏膜层内见新生血管;Ⅲ期内痔黏膜层被覆上皮破坏,见血管管壁增厚迂曲,管腔扩张;与正常粘膜成纤维细胞相比VEGF在粘膜层成纤维细胞表达水平明显升高,并随分期增高而增高(F=883.961,P<0.01),FGF2也存在相同表达(F=656.013,P<0.01);与正常组相比VEGF在血管内皮细胞表达水平明显升高,并随分期增高而增高(F=776.561,P<0.01),FGF2在血管内皮细胞的表达水平存在相同趋势(F=1066.458,P<0.01)。 结论 VEGF及FGF2在内痔的形成过程中具有促进血管内皮细胞和粘膜下成纤维细胞增生的作用,同时可作为内痔发生发展的分子标志物。 相似文献
122.
胆总管的矢状断层解剖研究 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
在30套成人腹部连续矢状断层标本上,胆总管与下腔静脉主要出现于R2-R3断层;胆总管胰腺段与胰头的关系有部分包埋,完全包埋及胰腺后型;十二指肠大乳头集中出现于R3断层;胆总管的行程有4种形式。文内还探讨了矢状断层里胆总管各段的毗邻及识别标志。 相似文献
123.
本文通过28例正常人及28例癌症病患者的头发的分析,得出癌症病患者的头发区别于正常人的头发的特征是:癌症病患者的头发中含有微量元素As、Ni、Mn。 相似文献
124.
肺动脉高压是多种因素导致的内皮功能受损所致,病理机制的研究进展为治疗开辟了新思路,提出了如钾离子通道开放剂、内皮素受体拮抗剂、蛋白激酶C抑制剂、PDE-5抑制剂和血栓素抑制等治疗方法. 相似文献
125.
126.
Involvement of ERK, p38 and NF-kappaB signal transduction in regulation of TLR2, TLR4 and TLR9 gene expression induced by lipopolysaccharide in mouse dendritic cells 总被引:7,自引:0,他引:7 下载免费PDF全文
An H Yu Y Zhang M Xu H Qi R Yan X Liu S Wang W Guo Z Guo J Qin Z Cao X 《Immunology》2002,106(1):38-45
Toll-like receptors (TLR) are sentinel receptors capable of recognizing pathogen-associated molecule patterns (PAMP) such as lipopolysaccharide (LPS) and CpG-containing oligonucleotides (CpG ODN). TLR2 and TLR4 are major receptors for Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacterial cell wall components, respectively. TLR9 is necessary for CpG signalling. LPS or CpG ODN can activate immature dendritic cells (DC) and induce DC maturation characterized by production of cytokines, up-regulation of co-stimulatory molecules, and increased ability to activate T cells. However, little is known regarding the regulation of TLR gene expression in mouse DC. In this study, we investigated the regulation of TLR2, TLR4 and TLR9 gene expression by LPS in murine immature DC. TLR2, TLR4 and TLR9 mRNA were up-regulated following LPS stimulation. The up-regulation of TLR9 expression coincided with significantly increased production of tumour necrosis factor-alpha induced by LPS plus CpG ODN. While inhibition of extracellular signal-related kinase and NF-kappaB activation suppressed the up-regulation of the expression of TLR2, TLR4 and TLR9 mRNA, inhibition of p38 kinase prevented the up-regulation of TLR2 and TLR4 mRNA expression but enhanced the up-regulation of TLR9 expression. These results demonstrated that TLR2, TLR4 and TLR9 gene expression was differently regulated by LPS in mouse immature DC. Up-regulation of TLR2, TLR4 and TLR9 expression by LPS might promote the overall responses of DC to bacteria and help to explain the synergy between LPS and other bacterial products in the induction of cytokine production. 相似文献
127.
Proximal tubular epithelial cell integrins respond to high glucose by altered cell-matrix interactions and differentially regulate matrixin expression 总被引:11,自引:0,他引:11
Karamessinis PM Tzinia AK Kitsiou PV Stetler-Stevenson WG Michael AF Fan WW Zhou B Margaritis LH Tsilibary EC 《Laboratory investigation; a journal of technical methods and pathology》2002,82(8):1081-1093
Thickening of the tubular basement membrane (TBM) occurs in diabetic nephropathy, but the effects of high glucose on the functional aspects of proximal tubular epithelial cells are not clearly understood. In the present study, we examined the effects of elevated glucose concentrations on (a) integrin expression by human proximal tubular epithelial cells (HK-2) and integrin-mediated interactions with type IV collagen (colIV) and laminin, major components of TBM; (b) the expression of matrixins/matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs), which is regulated by integrins; and (c) the expression of tissue inhibitors of metalloproteinases (TIMPs). HK-2 cells cultured in 25 mM glucose underwent a reduction of the expression of alpha3, beta1, alpha(v)beta3, and alpha5 integrin subunits, with a concomitant increase of the alpha2 subunit, compared with cells grown in 5 mM glucose. Adhesion experiments demonstrated that high glucose led to increased cell adhesion on either colIV or laminin. Experiments of competition of adhesion using anti-integrin antibodies indicated that HK-2 cells in 5 mM glucose used mainly alpha(v)beta3 and alpha5beta1 integrins to adhere to colIV, whereas in 25 mM glucose they additionally used alpha2beta1. In the case of laminin, a beta1-mediated adhesion was observed when HK-2 cells were in 5 mM glucose, whereas in 25 mM glucose, alpha2beta1 and alpha(v)beta3 were also involved. Elevated glucose concentrations resulted in decreased expression of MMP-9 and MMP-2, whereas an increase in TIMP-1 and a decrease in TIMP-2 expression were observed. We also examined which integrins mediated the expression and secretion of matrixins MMP-2 and MMP-9. Ligation of alpha3beta1 with mAbs resulted in induction of MMP-2 expression and secretion, whereas antibody ligation of alpha(v)beta3 led to down-regulation of MMP-9. The above data implicate integrins of proximal tubular epithelial cells in the regulation of MMPs and in the development of TBM thickening in diabetic nephropathy. 相似文献
128.
Human chromosome 2 was formed by the head-to-head fusion of two ancestral chromosomes that remained separate in other primates. Sequences that once resided near the ends of the ancestral chromosomes are now interstitially located in 2q13-2q14.1. Portions of these sequences had duplicated to other locations prior to the fusion. Here we present analyses of the genomic structure and evolutionary history of >600 kb surrounding the fusion site and closely related sequences on other human chromosomes. Sequence blocks that closely flank the inverted arrays of degenerate telomere repeats marking the fusion site are duplicated at many, primarily subtelomeric, locations. In addition, large portions of a 168-kb centromere-proximal block are duplicated at 9pter, 9p11.2, and 9q13, with 98%-99% average sequence identity. A 67-kb block on the distal side of the fusion site is highly homologous to sequences at 22qter. A third ~100-kb segment is 96% identical to a region in 2q11.2. By integrating data on the extent and similarity of these paralogous blocks, including the presence of phylogenetically informative repetitive elements, with observations of their chromosomal distribution in nonhuman primates, we infer the order of the duplications that led to their current arrangement. Several of these duplicated blocks may be associated with breakpoints of inversions that occurred during primate evolution and of recurrent chromosome rearrangements in humans. 相似文献
129.
130.
DNA sequencing of the major outer membrane protein (MOMP) gene (omp1) from Chlamydia trachomatis shows that some strains have a mosaic structure suggestive of homologous recombination between two distinct omp1 genes. On the basis of this conjecture, we attempted to clone by complementation and sequence the chlamydial recA homolog from C. trachomatis serovar L2. Chlamydial genomic DNA was partially restricted with XbaI, and fragments of 2 to 4 kb were ligated into pUC19. The recombinant plasmid was electroporated into Escherichia coli HB101 (RecA-), and colonies were selected in the presence of methyl methanesulfonate (MMS). A 2.1-kb fragment of C. trachomatis DNA in pUC19 conferred relative MMS resistance to E. coli HB101. When this recombinant plasmid (pX203) was electroporated into E. coli JC14604 (RecA- lacZ), lac+ recombinants were isolated. Rabbit polyclonal antibodies produced to purified E. coli RecA were immunoreactive in an immunoblot assay with a 35-kDa antigen in RecA- strains of E. coli transformed with pX203. The 2.1-kb insert was cycle sequenced by the dideoxy chain termination method. An open reading frame of 1,056 bp encoding 352 amino acids that had 44% sequence identity with E. coli RecA was identified. The finding of a recA homolog in C. trachomatis suggests that homologous recombination may occur in this organism. The cloned C. trachomatis RecA-encoding gene will be useful for the construction of a recA mutant once a gene transfer system is developed for chlamydiae. 相似文献