不同Risser征的胸弯青少年特发性脊柱侧凸前路矫形术后矢状面重建

 目的 探讨不同Risser征的胸弯青少年特发性脊柱侧凸(adolescent idiopathic scoliosis, AIS）行前路矫形术后胸椎及远端腰椎矢状面的重建模式。
方法 分析2002年6月至2006年11月行胸弯前路矫形内固定术且有2年完整随访资料的L enke 1型AIS患者43例,男3例,女40例;年龄11~18岁,平均（14.1±1.7）岁;胸弯Cobb角39°~ 65°,平均46.0°±7.5°。按照患者Risser征评分分为：A组（Risser 0）、B组（Risser 1～3）和C组（Risser 4～5）。分别测量这三组患者术前及术后历次随访时的胸弯Cobb角、腰弯Cobb角、胸椎后凸角、腰椎前凸角、内固定远端交界性后凸角、胸腰椎交界性后凸及骶骨后上缘与C 7铅垂线的距离。
结果 三组患者均获得随访,随访时间24~60个月,平均27.4个月。末次随访时,A组胸腰椎交界性后凸角为6.6°,较术前的- 1.7°增大8.3°;B组为0.6°,较术前的- 7.3°增大7.9°;C组术后历次随访与术前均无显著性差异。三组患者胸椎后凸角分别为21.2°、18.4°和14.7°,胸椎后凸角历次随访时的变化无统计学差异。三组患者的内固定远端交界性后凸角均表现为前凸丢失,后凸增大。
结论 低Risser征的Lenke 1型AIS患者行前路矫形内固定术后胸椎后凸角及胸腰椎交界性后凸增加,可能与胸椎后份生长后矢状面重建引起的胸腰椎交界区失代偿有关。     

AFP mRNA在监测肝癌转移复发上的研究现况

手术切除是目前治疗肝癌的最佳途径,但术后肿瘤的转移复发严重制约了手术的疗效.肝癌的转移和复发不但严重威胁着人们的健康,而且给患者家庭以及社会都带来了沉重的负担.当前公认肝癌的诊断标志物为AFP,但其特异性不高,且AFP的生物学特性使其不能作为监测肝癌转移复发的标志物.随着基因技术的发展,人们发现AFP的前体AFP mR...     

低位负压吸引提高经皮肾镜取石术效率的临床研究

目的探讨低位负压吸引超声碎石清石系统在肾结石治疗中的临床应用价值。方法25例。肾结石患者随机分成2组,对照组15例采用EMS三代超声碎石清石系统进行经皮肾镜碎石术,改良组10例采用低位负压吸引超声碎石清石系统进行经皮。肾镜碎石术。对两组清石时间、术中出血量、结石清除率、出血、感染和住院天数等进行比较分析。结果两组患者均顺利完成手术,无1例穿刺失败或中转开放手术。改良组清石时间（开始碎石取石到取石结束）、术中出血量明显少于对照组（P〈0．05）。而两组患者的结石清除率、出血和感染等并发症、住院天数差别无显著性（P〉0．05）。结论低位负压吸引超声碎石清石系统可以提高清石效率,减少清石时间及手术时间。     

青少年特发性脊柱侧凸校正身高的临床评估

青少年特发性脊柱侧凸(adolescent idiopathic scoliosis,AIS)是一种三维结构性脊柱畸形,冠状面上侧凸、矢状面上胸椎后凸的减少甚至前凸以及水平面上椎体的旋转及楔形变都可能影响患者的身高,且身高的丢失随着侧凸的进展而加重,尤其当存在冠状面及矢状面失衡、躯干塌陷时,身高改变更为明显.     

南京地区国人股骨头头颈直径比例的影像学测量

目的 通过X线片确定南京地区国人股骨头头颈直径比例的正常值.方法 选择468例无髋部症状的生活在南京及周边地区的成年中国人,男313名,女155名;年龄17～82岁,其中≤20岁13名,21～30岁88名,31～40岁123名,41～50岁104名,51～60岁102名,61～70岁24名,≥71岁14名,平均年龄42.4岁.摄标准骨盆正位X线片,应用Digimizer软件测量左、右侧股骨头最大直径与股骨颈最小纵径,并分别计算比值.将计算结果与西方人数据进行比较.结果 股骨头头颈直径比例1.33～1.69,平均1.48±0.09.≤20岁者1.46±0.09,21～30岁者1.48±0.09,31～40岁者1.47±0.10,41～50岁者1.46±0.09,51～60岁者1.49±0.10,61～70岁者1.48±0.08,≥71岁者1.49±0.10.不同性别、侧别及年龄组间差异均无统计学意义.南京地区国人股骨头头颈直径比例(左侧、右侧分别为1.48±0.09、1.48±0.10)与欧洲人数据(左侧、右侧分别为1.43±0.09、1.44±0.09)比较差异有统计学意义(P值均＜0.05).结论 南京地区国人股骨头头颈直径比例不存在性别、年龄及侧别差异.国人数据与欧洲人不同与种族的解剖差异有关.正常人群的股骨头头颈直径比例可能对某些髋关节疾病的诊断与治疗具有一定的参考意义.

Abstract：

Objective To measure the femoral head-neck ratio among Chinese adults in Nanjing to explore its clinical significance. Methods 468 Chinese without hip symptoms were chosen randomly. There were 313 males and 155 females. 13 cases were less than 20 years old, 88 cases were from 21 to 30 years old, 123 cases were from 31 to 40 years old, 104 cases were from 41 to 50 years old, 102 cases were from 51 to 60 years old, 24 cases were from 61 to 70 years old, 14 cases were more than 71 years old. The mean age was 42.4 years old (ranged from 17 to 82 years old). The maximum diameter of the femoral head and the minimum vertical diameter of femoral neck length on both sides were measured by Digimizer software in the standard anteroposterior pelvis film. The femoral head-neck ratio (FHNR) was calculated and compared with that of the western. Results The normal FHNR of Chinese in Nanjing was 1.48 ± 0.09 (1.33-1.69). FHNR was 1.46±0.09 in Chinese aged less than 20 years old. It was 1.48±0.09 in Chinese aged from 21 to 30 years, and 1.47±0.10 in those aged 31-40 years, 1.46±0.09 in 41-50 years, 1.49±0.10 in 51-60 years,1.48±0.08 in 61-70 years, 1.49±0.10 in those more than 71 years. There was no difference between male and female, the left and right side or the different age groups. There was no difference between the western and Chinese in Nanjing. Conclusion FHNR measurement has not variation with regard to sex, age and side. It may be useful to understand some kind of the hip diseases.     

女性青少年特发性脊柱侧凸支具治疗效果和影响因素评估

目的 评估女性青少年特发性脊柱侧凸(adolescent idiopathic scoliosis,AIS)患者支具治疗效果及影响因素.方法 2003年7月至2009年7月,完成支具治疗或因侧凸进展而行手术治疗的女性AIS患者142例,初诊时平均年龄为(13.1±1.5)岁,平均主弯Cobb角29.6°±5.4°,平均Risser征为(2.0±1.5)级.定义侧凸畸形进展为末次随访Cobb角大于初诊6°以上或治疗期间建议行矫形手术(Cobb 角＞45°),其余为非进展.根据侧凸进展或需手术治疗的比率来评估支具治疗效果.运用卡方检验和Logistic回归分析探讨影响支具治疗效果的因素.结果 平均支具治疗时间为(2.5±1.0)年.按照侧凸进展的定义,进展组为27例(19%),非进展组115例(81%);手术组病例18例(13%),因支具治疗而避免手术病例124例(87%).卡方检验发现侧凸进展组和手术组中以初诊年龄10.0～12.9岁、月经初潮未至、Risser征0～1级、初诊Cobb角＞30°以及胸弯型居多.Logistic回归分析发现月经初潮未至(P=0.000)和胸弯型(P=0.012)是支具治疗后侧凸进展的独立预测因素,而初诊Cobb角＞30°(P=0.022)是支具治疗期间因侧凸进展而需手术治疗的另一独立预测因素.结论 支具治疗可有效控制多数AIS患者的侧凸进展,而生长发育状态、侧凸严重程度和侧凸类型是影响支具疗效的重要因素.

Abstract：

Objective To analyze the outcomes of bracing treatment for girls with adolescent idiopathic scoliosis (AIS), and to investigate the predictive factors of the protocol. Methods This study included 142 girls with AIS who finished standardized bracing treatment from July 2003 to July 2009. These patients had a mean age of 13.1±1.5 years, a mean main curve of 29.6°±5.4°, and a mean Risser grade of 2.0±1.5 before bracing treatment. Curve progression was defined that Cobb angle was greater than 6° compared to bracing initiation or was aggravated to more than 45° (indicative for surgery). The outcomes of bracing treatment were assessed based on the ratio of curves of progression or indicative for surgery. Chi-square and Logistic regression Analyses were performed to investigate the predictive factors of bracing treatment. Results The duration of bracing treatment averaged 2.5±1.0 years. Twenty-seven girls with curve progression (19%)and 115 girls (81%) with non-progression were found. Final curve which was greater than 45° was found in 18 girls (13%) who need a correction surgery, the remaining 124 girls (87%) had completed bracing treatment and avoided surgery. Chi-square analyses revealed that curve progression were more common in younger girls with lower Risser grade, with initial larger Cobb angle and with a main thoracic curve pattern.Logistic regression analyses found that premenarchal status and a main thoracic curve pattern were the independent risk factors of curve progression despite bracing. While initial Cobb angle which was greater than 30° was the additional independent risk factor of progression requiring surgery. Conclusion Bracing treatment could effectively prevent curve progression in most girls with AIS. The degree of growth maturity, the pattern and grade of curve are the influencing factor for bracing treatment.     

超声造影检查在肾肿瘤射频消融术后疗效评估中的应用价值

目的 探讨实时超声造影(CEUS)检查在肾肿瘤射频消融(RFA)术后疗效评估中的作用.方法 对47例肾肿瘤患者(肾癌40例,肾血管平滑肌脂肪瘤7例)49个病灶行RFA治疗,其中经腹腔镜下RFA 30例,开放手术RFA 17例.术后1周行常规超声及CEUS检查,观察造影剂在动脉相与实质相的灌注情况,评价病灶消融范围,并与增强CT结果比较.影像学上病灶无增强被认为是消融完全. 结果 49个病灶完全消融47个(95.9%).CEUS显示肾消融灶最大径为2.4～10.0 cm,平均(4.6±1.5)cm,其中消融灶大于原病灶者45个、与原病灶相同者3个、小于原病灶者1个.CEUS提示RFA术后原病灶有局部强化6例,其中2例经增强CT证实.以增强CT结果作为诊断标准,CEUS对RFA术后残留灶诊断的敏感性为100.0%,特异性为91.8%.术后平均随访11(4～21)个月,患者均存活. 结论 CEUS检查与CT结合对评价肾肿瘤RFA术后疗效具有实用价值.

Abstract：

Objective To discuss the utility of contrast-enhanced ultrasonography (CEUS) in the assessment of treatment efficacy of radiofrequency ablation (RFA) in patients with renal tumors.Methods Forty-seven patients (40 renal cell carcinomas and 7 angiomyolipomas of kidney) with 49 renal tumors were treated with RFA. Tumors were ablated by laparoscopy-assisted (n= 30) and open surgical (n= 17) RFA. The CEUS and contrast-enhanced CT were performed 1 week after treatment to assess the necrotic area. Technical success was defined as elimination of areas that enhanced at imaging within the entire tumor. Results Forty-seven (95. 9%) of 49 tumors were successfully ablated. The mean length of the major axis at the maximal necrotic area was 4. 6 cm. Compared with the lesions before RFA, the necrotic areas were bigger in 45 patients, identical in 3 patients, and smaller in 1 patient. Six lesions showed a residual enhancement at the portion adjacent to the normal renal parenchyma on follow-up CEUS, while 2 were confirmed by CT scans. The sensitivity and specificity of CEUS for detection of residual tumors were 100. 0% and 91.8%, respectively. All patients survived in the follow-up period ranging from 4 to 21 months. Conclusion CEUS combined with CT could be useful for evaluating treatment efficacy of RFA for renal tumors.     

精囊镜检诊治顽固性血精

目的探讨经尿道精囊镜检诊治顽固性血精的临床应用价值。方法回顾性分析我院自2008年9月以来开展经尿道精囊镜检诊治8例顽固性血精患者的临床资料,结合文献复习顽固性血精的治疗方法。年龄26～55岁,平均42岁,血精病程6～48个月,平均12个月,药物和物理治疗无效。采用7F输尿管硬镜行经尿道精囊镜检。结果 8例精囊镜检手术均成功,手术时间分别为20～75min,平均35min。精囊镜检示慢性炎症5例,精囊结石2例,射精管梗阻扩张1例。无尿道和精囊损伤等并发症。术后随访时间3～24个月,7例患者血精症状消失,1例术后9个月再发血精。结论经尿道精囊镜检操作简单,创伤小,可作为顽固性血精的有效诊治方法之一。     

结直肠海绵状血管瘤的诊断及外科治疗

目的 总结国内文献中结直肠海绵状血管瘤的临床病例特点和外科治疗方式.方法 回顾性分析北京协和医院1993年至2006年收治的4例和检索1979年至2006年国内文献报道的54例结直肠海绵状血管瘤的病例资料.结果 男女发病比例为100:1.0,43.1%的患者在婴幼儿时期发病,98.3%的患者表现为反复血便,纤维结肠镜、直肠CT和磁共振成像的诊断准确率为100%.91.4%的患者病变呈弥漫浸润性,8.6%的病变表现为局限性.82.8%的患者接受了外科干预治疗,3.5%的患者未接受治疗.结论 纤维结肠镜是诊断结直肠海绵状血管瘤的首选诊断方式.外科手术方式的选择方面应该根据患者的具体情况而定.