侧颅底肿瘤手术入路(附44例报告)

目的:探讨切除侧颅底肿瘤的最佳入路.方法:44例患者中,采用下颌外旋入路17例,耳后C形切口入路16例,上颌外旋入路7例,颞额入路4例.结果:25例良性肿瘤术后无复发;19例恶性肿瘤中,术后生存不足1年2例,1年以上4例,2年以上7例,3年以上6例.结论:下颌外旋入路适用于切除咽旁间隙、颞下窝、鼻咽部、口咽部、蝶骨、斜坡及上颈椎肿瘤;耳后C形切口入路适用于切除颞骨肿瘤.     

GNAS gene mutations affecting XLαs and bone health: A long neglected relationship

The GNAS locus is an imprinted site. The α-subunit of the stimulatory G protein (Gsα) and extralarge variant (XLαs) are the two important products of the GNAS locus. The abnormal expression of Gsα is associated with pseudohypoparathyroidism (PHP) and related disorders, including Albright hereditary osteodystrophy (AHO), pseudopseudohypoparathyroidism (PPHP), and progressive osseous heteroplasia (POH). XLαs protein can mimic the catalytic intracellular synthesis of cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP) by Gsα in response to parathyroid hormone (PTH) stimulation, which may be involved in the pathogenesis of PPHP and POH in patients with paternal GNAS defects. A paternally inherited nonsense variant in the first exon of XLαs in an adult patient may be associated with fractures and osteopetrosis. The relationship between the XLαs product of the GNAS locus and bone remodeling may have been overlooked. Here, we summarize the phenotypes of genetic mouse models and clinical cases of XLαs variations and suggest that the abnormal paternal expression of XLαs may be associated with the development of POH and affect osteoblast and osteoclast differentiation.     

间歇性气囊挤压大鼠腿部对挤压部位和远端骨骼肌一氧化氮合酶mRNA表达的影响

目的:为了进一步了解间歇性气囊挤压法(Intermittent pneumatic compression, IPC)挤压大鼠腿部与一氧化氮(NO)的关系.方法:检测了大鼠骨骼肌中3种一氧化氮合酶(NOS)同工酶:神经型NOS(nNOS);诱导型NOS(iNOS)和内皮细胞型NOS(eNOS)mRNA在IPC作用后的表达变化.25只SD大鼠被随机分为3个模拟实验组和4个IPC实验组.每只鼠取右侧胫前肌(AT)和提睾肌(CM)作为正常对照.IPC组挤压0.5,1,和5h,及挤压5h加等待4h,模拟实验组除不挤压外,其他操作均与实验组相同,然后分离左侧AT和CM作为处理后样品.所有样品应用RT-PCR进行NOS mRNA测定.以样品中看家基因2,3-二羟基丙醛-3-磷酸脱氢酶(GAPHD)cDNA为内参,与NOS cDNA 共同扩增.PCR产物电泳条带密度用NIH图像分析软件定量,并以与正常对照的对比值作为变化比率.结果:在IPC作用0.5、1和5h后,eNOS mRNA显著上升,在AT中分别达到正常对照的1.2,1.8和2.6倍;在CM中分别达到1.2,1.8和2.7倍,而其他NOS,除5hIPC组的nNOS外,总体表现下调.在IPC作用1h加等待4h组中,eNOS mRNA回复至正常对照水平.结论:该结果证实了IPC产生的机械压力至少部分增加了血管壁的剪切压,使内皮细胞增加了NO产物的释放量,导致了挤压部位及远端肌肉的血管扩张和改善了微循环.     

CT引导经皮肺穿刺锚状电极高温射频消融治疗肺部肿瘤105例

目的 观察ＣＴ引导经皮肺穿刺高温射频消融治疗１０５例肺部恶性肿瘤的近期效果。方法 ＣＴ引导经皮肺穿刺,可扩展锚状电极配合ＲＦ－２０００仪高温射频消融治疗原发性肺癌８１例,肺部转移瘤２４例,共计２４２个肿瘤,每个肿瘤治疗３～８次,持续时间３～３３７ｍｉｎ。结果 完全缓解（ＣＲ）率１１．１％,部分缓解（ＰＲ）率７１．１％,轻微疗效（ＭＲ）率１３．２％,无改变（ＮＣ）率４．５％,其中ＣＲ＋ＰＲ率为８２．     

电化教育在医学生素质教育中的作用

电化教育随着时代的变迁和社会的发展以及医学科学特点,在医学教育中的地位不断加强,尤其是在医学素质教育中,发挥着重大作用。     

Messenger-rnas for activin and activin receptors are expressed in fetal bovine heart endothelial-cells

Inhibin and activin, members of transforming growth factor beta (TGF beta) superfamily, have been localized immunohistochemically in fetal bovine heart endothelial cells (FBHE), suggesting that these cells produce inhibin/activin proteins. In addition, the mRNAs coding for alpha-, and beta A-subunits of inhibin/activin, and activin receptor II were expressed in these cells by in situ hybridization technique. It is concluded that inhibin/activin and activin receptor are expressed in FBHE and activin may have autocrine functions in these cells.     

微波治疗耳鼻喉科疾病疗效观察

探索耳鼻喉慢性炎症的简便有效疗法。方法：对１０２例病人表麻下用微波辐射探头定量向病 变组织输入电磁波。结果：随访观察半年以上,治愈率达８８．２４％,有效率达１００％。结论：此方法操作简便,疗 效好,病人痛苦小,值得临床推广。     

咬合板治疗颞下颌关节紊乱病的时机与疗效

目的：通过对颞下颌关节紊乱病（ＴＭＤ） 的临床表现及咬合板治疗的疗效进行分析,探讨ＴＭＤ 的最佳治疗时机。方法：对１５６ 例经咬合板治疗的ＴＭＤ患者就诊时间及治疗２ 个月后治疗效果做分类统计分析。结果：治疗２ 个月后疼痛、弹响及张口受限的总治愈率分别为８１．４％ 、４９．０％ 和８１．５％ 。其中于发病４ 周内就诊的患者治愈率分别为９３．２％ 、７７．３％ 和９３．２％ ,于４ 周后就诊的患者治愈率分别为７３．９％ 、４０．８ ％ 和３０．０ ％ ,两组差异显著（ 弹响及张口受限, Ｐ＜ ０．０１,疼痛Ｐ＜０．０５）。结论：ＴＭＤ在发病４ 周内进行咬合板治疗效果满意。     

聚合酶链反应检测细菌16S rRNA基因

根据细菌１６ＳｒＲＮＡ基因的高度保守性,设计合成所有细菌、革兰氏阳性细菌及革兰氏阴性细菌的共同引物,采用聚合酶链反应检测已知细菌１３株,三对引物分别扩增的阳性率为１００％,倍比稀释法能检出细菌的最低浓度为４ＣＦＵ·ｍｌ－１,同时检测临床样本４０份,阳性率为６７５％（２７／４０）,同期细菌培养阳性率为４５％（１８／４０）,二者比较差异有显著性（Ｐ＜０．０５）。结果提示聚合酶链反应检测细菌１６ＳｒＲＮＡ基因具有高度的特异性和敏感性。