联合检测UBC、HA和CK20诊断膀胱癌的临床价值

背景与目的:膀胱癌是最常见的泌尿系统肿瘤,尿脱落细胞学检查是无创性诊断的金标准,但敏感性较低.本研究探讨联合运用尿膀胱癌抗原(urinary bladder cancer,UBC)、透明质酸(hyaluronic acid,HA)和细胞角蛋白20(cytokeratin 20,CK20)诊断膀胱癌的临床价值.方法:对64例膀胱癌患者、20例泌尿系良性疾病患者,在膀胱镜检查之前留尿,分别采用酶链免疫吸附实验、放射免疫分析和逆转录聚合酶链反应检测UBC、HA和CK20在尿液中的表达,同时行脱落细胞学检查,分析比较4种方法诊断膀胱癌的临床价值.结果:UBC、HA和CK20诊断膀胱癌的敏感性分别为85.9%(55/64)、89.1%(57/64)、78.1%(50/64),与脱落细胞学(40.6%)检查比较,差异有统计学意义(P<0.01);4种方法诊断膀胱癌的特异性分别为85,0%(17/20)、80.0%(16/20)、80%(16/20)和95%(19/20).各分级和分期肿瘤UBC、HA和CK20的敏感性分别高于尿脱落细胞学检查,UBC值各分级和分期比较差异无统计学意义(P>0.05).HA检测G2、G3组较G1组明显增高(P<0.01),但G2、G3组间比较差异无统计学意义(P>0.05);各分期之间比较差异无统计学意义(P>0.05).CK20检测随肿瘤的分级与分期的增高,敏感性增高(P<0.01).联合运用UBC、HA和CK20敏感性可达96.9%,特异性达100%.结论:联合UBC、HA和CK20能提高诊断膀胱癌的敏感性和特异性,初步诊断能够代替膀胱镜检查.     

腹腔镜下膀胱癌根治术中完全腹膜外经皮输尿管造口术

目的 介绍一种腹腔镜下膀胱癌根治术中,完全腹膜外输尿管造口新技术,评价其治疗一例T₄期高级别膀胱浸润性尿路上皮癌患者的疗效。方法 以1例75岁男性高级别膀胱浸润性尿路上皮癌(T₄N₀M₀)为例,介绍一种腹腔镜下膀胱根治性切除术中,完全腹膜外输尿管造口技术的4个关键步骤,包括游离输尿管(将左侧输尿管游离足够长度)、汇集两根输尿管(腹腔镜下将左侧输尿管经直肠后方拉至右侧)、建立腹膜外通道(游离扩大右侧腹膜外间隙,将两根输尿管从此通道拉出)、腹膜重建。结果 手术共耗时(从消毒铺单开始计时到输尿管造口结束)248 min,出血量100 ml,造口处可见清晰尿液流出,患者术后住院时间8 d。结论 本例输尿管造口术是一种完全腹腔镜下经皮输尿管造口技术的尝试,相较于传统输尿管造口术而言,该术式创伤小,出血量少,术后恢复时间缩短。对于需要永久性尿流改道,但心肺功能差,手术风险高或没有机会做肠道尿流改道的患者,该术式是一种可行且安全的尿流改道方式。     

Penetration and Cratering of Steel Target by Jets from Titanium Alloy Shaped Charge Liners

In order to enlarge the crater diameter of shaped charge jet penetration into steel targets, this paper investigates the penetration and cratering characteristics of steel targets by shaped charge jets from titanium alloy liners. Titanium alloy shaped charge liners are prepared separately with mechanical processing and selective laser melting (SLM), and pulsed X-ray radiography is used to identify jet formation characteristics. Jet formation is numerically simulated by AUTODYN-3D, and steel target penetration tests are carried out at a short jet stand-off distance. The results show that AUTODYN-3D can realistically simulate jet formation from titanium alloy liners and that the SLM-processed liner exhibits better penetration performance than the mechanically processed liner. The existing cratering formula of jet penetration is modified to make it consistent with the aperture variations of jet penetration from titanium alloy-lined shaped charges at a short stand-off distance. The findings of this study are expected to provide technical and theoretical support for research on the penetration characteristics of the jets from titanium alloy-lined shaped charges.     

Synthesis and Bio‐Evaluation of New 18F‐Labeled Pyridaben Analogs with Improved Stability for Myocardial Perfusion Imaging in Mice

To improve the stability of ¹⁸F‐labeled pyridaben analogs for myocardial perfusion imaging, three new analogs of pyridaben ([¹⁸F]FPTP2, [¹⁸F]FPTP‐P2, and [¹⁸F]FPTP‐P3) were synthesized with ‘side chain’ modifications. The radiolabeled tracers and corresponding non‐radioactive compounds were obtained by substituting tosyl group with ^18/19F. The effect of structure modification on myocardial targeting and physicochemical properties of new tracers were evaluated in vitro and in vivo. The total radiosynthesis time of these tracers was approximately 70–90 min with high decay‐corrected radiochemical yields (36–65%) and good radiochemical purity (> 98%). These lipophilic tracers exhibited obvious improved stability in water. Studies of their biodistribution in normal Kunming mice demonstrated that [¹⁸F]FPTP2 exhibited very high initial heart uptake (39.70 ± 2.81 %ID/g at 2 min after injection) and low background in the liver, blood, and soft tissues. The heart‐to‐liver, heart‐to‐lung, and heart‐to‐blood ratios were 3.59, 19.34, and 67.34 at 15 min postinjection, respectively. Favorable myocardial targeting property and remarkable improvement of stability of [¹⁸F]FPTP2 suggest that the substitution of the phenyl ‘sidechain’ with other non‐phenyl rings has no effect on the myocardial targeting property of ¹⁸F‐labeled pyridaben analogs.     

天蚕素A截短肽在大肠埃希菌中的高效表达及活性分析

将构建好的含抗菌肽天蚕素A(cecropin A,CA)截短肽CA19(36、210)1～5倍串连体的pET-31b(+)载体进行诱导表达,其表达量比单体表达明显提高.将融合蛋白用亲和层析法将其纯化,其纯度达到90%以上.纯化融合蛋白免疫BALB/c小鼠,制备了其特异的多克隆抗体.纯化串连融合蛋白用溴化氰切割成单体检测其活性,发现均具有抑菌活性.本研究为抗菌肽的基因工程制备提供了新途径.     

樱桃叶水煎液的抗氧化及降糖作用研究

目的:观察樱桃叶水煎液对环磷酰胺所致免疫低下小鼠抗氧化能力的影响,以及对正常大鼠糖耐量及α-葡萄糖苷酶活性的抑制作用。方法:腹腔注射环磷酰胺建立小鼠免疫低下模型,测定血清中过氧化物歧化酶(SOD)、过氧化氢酶(CAT)活性及丙二醛(MDA)含量;观察樱桃叶体外对α-葡萄糖苷酶活性的抑制作用及对正常大鼠糖耐量的影响。结果:免疫低下小鼠给予樱桃叶水煎液后,血清中SOD、CAT活性明显升高,MDA含量显著降低;樱桃叶水煎液可显著抑制正常大鼠给予蔗糖后的血糖升高,体外实验中对α-葡萄糖苷酶活性具有明显抑制作用。结论:樱桃叶可增强免疫低下小鼠抗氧化能力,并且通过抑制α-葡萄糖苷酶活性而抑制餐后血糖升高。     

红芪化学成分及其抗氧化活性研究

目的对红芪化学成分及其抗氧化活性进行研究。方法采用色谱技术对红芪化学成分进行分离,利用理化性质和现代波谱技术确定化合物的结构,并应用过氧化氢损伤的SH-SY5Y细胞与野生型DJ-1基因转染的SH-SY5Y细胞模型对得到的代表性化合物进行抗氧化应激活性研究。结果从红芪中分离鉴定了6个化合物,其结构分别为大豆皂苷II甲酯（1）,大豆皂苷I（2）,芒柄花苷（3）,柚皮苷（4）,下箴桐碱（5）和色氨酸（6）。抗氧化活性实验结果表明化合物3具有较好的抗氧化作用。结论化合物4和6为首次从该属植物中分离得到,化合物3具有抗氧化应激作用。     

Curcumin: a calixarene derivative micelle potentiates anti-breast cancer stem cells effects in xenografted,triple-negative breast cancer mouse models

Triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) is a heterogeneous and clinically aggressive disease with no approved targeted therapy. Curcumin has shown therapeutic potential against TNBC, but it shows low bioavailability and low efficacy when administered as a free drug. Here we describe a novel vehicle for in vivo delivery of curcumin based on the phosphorylated calixarene POCA4C6. Curcumin-loaded POCA4C6 micelles (CPM) were prepared using the thin-film method and they showed a unilamellar structure with an average particle size of 3.86?nm. The micelles showed high curcumin encapsulation efficiency and loading was based on liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry. Studies with cell cultures suggest that CPM can sustainably release curcumin in a pH-dependent manner. The micelles efficiently inhibited proliferation, invasion, migration and tumor spheroid formation by BT-549 human breast cancer cells. These effects involved increased apoptosis and reduced levels of nuclear β-catenin and androgen receptor. After injection into tumor xenografts, CPM persisted in the tumor tissue and efficiently inhibited tumor growth without causing obvious systemic toxicity. CPM also significantly reduced levels of CD44⁺/CD133⁺ breast cancer stem cells. Our results highlight the potential of CPM as an effective therapy against TNBC.     

反义IGF—1抑制脑胶质瘤体内外增殖的实验研究

目的：明确IGF－1在肿瘤发生发展中的作用,为基因治疗优选靶的。方法：（1）转染含反义IGF－1cDNA的表达型质粒至鼠C6胶质瘤细胞,对比转染前后细胞IGF－1的表达、增殖活性等变化。（2）对Wistar大鼠－C6胶质瘤动物模型实施反义IGF－1基因治疗,对比治疗与否肿瘤大小、IGF－1表达、淋巴细胞浸润等的差别。结果：（1）含反义质粒的C6细胞系IGF－1表达减低,增殖活性下降约35％。（2）反义IGF－1治疗后的肿瘤8周内完全消失,而对照组持续增大,治疗组肿瘤的凋亡细胞、淋巴细胞浸润增加,IGF－1表达、细胞增殖活性下降,结论：反义IGF－1基因转染能有效抑制C6胶质瘤的体内外增殖,增殖活性下降和免疫系统攻击可能是双重原因。     

胆囊胆固醇沉积症患者血清瘦素、瘦素受体与血脂的相关性研究

目的 探讨胆囊胆固醇沉积症患者血清瘦素(Leptin,Lep)、可溶性瘦素受体(soluble leptin receptor,sLR)及血脂的变化及其相互关系.方法 胆囊胆固醇沉积症患者49例,对照组91例,测定其空腹血清瘦素、可溶性瘦素受体、胆固醇(TC)、甘油三酯(TG)、低密度脂蛋白(LDL)、高密度脂蛋白(HDL),分析胆囊胆固醇沉积症患者血清Lep、sLR水平与血脂的关系.结果 胆囊胆固醇沉积症组患者血清TC、LDL和Lep值均显著高于对照组,sLR显著低于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05),单相关分析显示Lep与TC、TG呈正相关.结论 胆囊胆固醇沉积症患者血清瘦素水平与血脂异常有相关性.