We have previously demonstrated that girls with anorexia nervosa (AN) have higher levels of GH and cortisol and lower levels of estradiol than healthy adolescents. The effects of endocrine alterations on regional body composition in AN, however, have not been reported. We, therefore, enrolled 23 adolescent girls with AN and 20 healthy girls of comparable maturity in a study examining regional body composition. Levels of estradiol and IGF-I, as well as measures of GH and cortisol concentration (using cluster analysis of data obtained from frequent sampling q30' for 12 h overnight) were examined to determine hormonal determinants of regional body composition in adolescent girls with AN and controls. Girls with AN were followed for 1 yr and examined again at weight recovery (10% increase in body mass index) (n = 11). Percent trunk fat and trunk to extremity fat ratio (T/E fat) were significantly reduced in girls with AN compared with healthy adolescents (P = 0.001 and 0.01, respectively). Percent trunk lean mass and trunk to extremity lean mass ratio (T/E lean) were higher in AN than in controls (P = 0.01 and 0.009); percent extremity lean mass was lower in AN (P = 0.009). In healthy controls, total area under the curve (AUC) for GH correlated inversely with percent trunk fat and T/E fat (r = -0.66, P = 0.002 and r = -0.62, P = 0.003). Similar correlations were observed between other measures of GH concentration (mean and nadir) and percent trunk fat and T/E fat. No relationship was observed between GH concentration and regional lean mass or between cortisol concentration and regional body composition. In contrast, GH concentration did not predict regional body composition in adolescents with AN on regression analysis. However, nadir cortisol concentration correlated inversely with percent extremity lean mass (r = -0.49; P = 0.02) and positively with percent trunk lean mass and T/E lean (r = 0.48, P = 0.03; and r = 0.49, P = 0.02) in girls with AN. A similar trend was observed between other measures of cortisol concentration (mean cortisol and AUC) and percent trunk lean mass and T/E lean in AN. Trunk fat was lowest in girls with AN who had high GH but low cortisol levels (based on median values), whereas some preservation of trunk fat was observed in girls with low GH and high cortisol levels. Weight recovery occurred in seven of 11 girls with low GH and high cortisol values; however, only two of the nine girls with high GH and low cortisol recovered weight. High GH with lower cortisol levels may thus be a marker of greater severity of AN. Our results suggest that in healthy controls, GH concentration predicts regional body composition and favors a redistribution of body fat such that T/E fat ratio decreases. In AN, however, high levels of GH and cortisol have contrasting associations with fat mass. High cortisol levels in AN predict a redistribution of lean body mass such that extremity lean mass decreases. Further studies are necessary to better understand the implications of these data. 相似文献
Biofilms are responsible for causing 80% of human infections including chronic infections like-cystic fibrosis, endocarditis and osteomyelitis. The growing ability of the biofilm to resist most of the available antibiotics has caused a serious threat to different life forms. Plenty of research work has already been reported, and some are ongoing to combat this serious health issue worldwide. Recent developments in nanotechnology have given a great boost in dealing biofilm infections. The unique size-dependent properties for antibacterial and antibiofilm activities provide the nanoparticles better options to eradicate biofilms. Here, the authors have discussed the basic biology of bacterial biofilm and their impact on human health. In addition, different nanotechnology-based strategies to overcome serious health issues caused by biofilm infections have been highlighted.
Three patients with the syndrome of progressive severe deafness, associated with juvenile onset of motor neurone disease, were examined using conventional audiometry and brainstem auditory evoked response (BAER) recordings, and electrocochleographic recordings were made in two of them. Findings indicate that the deafness had resulted from loss of acoustic nerve fibers and/or sensory cells of the spiral ganglion. 相似文献
Managing traumatic liver injury (TLI) is always challenging and demands precise clinical judgment. Currently, treatment of TLI in most circumstances is non-operative; however, surgical therapy might be required for severe TLI, particularly those that result in extensive blood loss. In the current institutional study carried out from June 1995 to April 2017, we describe our experience with 5 patients who received an orthotopic liver transplant for severe TLI. One patient passed away postoperatively from cerebral edema; 1 patient died of renal failure 4 years after the liver transplantation, and 3 patients are still alive. Based on our experience, we conclude that in patients with TLI, especially those with uncontrollable bleeding or those who develop liver failure, liver transplantation should be taken into consideration. 相似文献