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41.
The obesity epidemic has serious implications for women of reproductive age; its rising incidence is associated not just with health implications for the mother but also has transgenerational ramifications for the offspring. Increased incidence of diabetes, cardiovascular disease, obesity, and kidney disease are seen in both the mothers and the offspring. Animal models, such as rodent studies, are fundamental to studying maternal obesity and its impact on maternal and offspring health, as human studies lack rigorous controlled experimental design. Furthermore, the short and prolific reproductive potential of rodents enables examination across multiple generations and facilitates the exploration of interventional strategies to mitigate the impact of maternal obesity, both before and during pregnancy. Given that obesity is a major public health concern, it is important to obtain a greater understanding of its pathophysiology and interaction with reproductive health, placental physiology, and foetal development. This narrative review focuses on the known effects of maternal obesity on the mother and the offspring, and the benefits of interventional strategies, including dietary intervention, before or during pregnancy on maternal and foetal outcomes. It further examines the contribution of rodent models of maternal obesity to elucidating pathophysiological pathways of disease development, as well as methods to reduce the impact of obesity on the mothers and the developing foetus. The translation of these findings into the human experience will also be discussed. 相似文献
42.
Margaret Flood Wendy Pollock Susan McDonald Mary‐Ann Davey 《Australian and New Zealand journal of public health》2016,40(5):448-450
Objective: This paper reports on the logistics of conducting a validation study of a routinely collected dataset against medical records at hospitals to inform planning of similar studies. Method: A stratified random sample of 15 hospitals and two homebirth practitioners was included. Site visits were arranged following consent. In addition to the validation of perinatal data, information was collected regarding logistics. Results: Records at 14 metropolitan and rural hospitals up to 500 km from the research centre, and two homebirth practitioners, were audited. Obtaining consent to participate took between 5 days and 10 months. Auditors visited sites on 101 days, auditing 737 medical record pairs at 16 sites. Median audit time per record was 51.3 minutes; electronic records each took 36 minutes longer than paper. Travel time accounted for nearly one‐quarter of audit time. Conclusions: Delays obtaining consents, long travel times and electronic records prolonged audit duration and expense. Employment of experts maximised use of available audit time. Conducting a validation study is a time‐consuming and expensive exercise; however, confidence in the accuracy of public health data is vital. Implications: Validation studies are unquestionably important. Three alternative strategies have been proposed to make future studies viable. 相似文献
43.
Juncheng Cui Dylan Dean Francis J Hornicek Raphael E Pollock Robert M Hoffman Zhenfeng Duan 《American journal of cancer research》2022,12(4):1577
Liposarcomas account for approximately 20% of all adult sarcomas and have limited therapeutic options outside of surgery. Inhibition of ataxia-telangiectasia and Rad3 related protein kinase (ATR) has emerged as a promising chemotherapeutic strategy in various cancers. However, its activation, expression, and function in liposarcoma remain unkown. In this study, we investigated the expression, function, and potential of ATR as a therapeutic target in liposarcoma. Activation and expression of ATR in liposarcoma was analyzed by immunohistochemistry, which was further explored for correlation with patient clinical characteristics. ATR-specific siRNA and the ATR inhibitor VE-822 were applied to determine the effect of ATR inhibition on liposarcoma cell proliferation and anti-apoptotic activity. Migration activity and clonogenicity were examined using wound healing and clonogenic assays. ATR (p-ATR) was overexpressed in 88.1% of the liposarcoma specimens and correlated with shorter overall survival in patients. Knockdown of ATR via specific siRNA or inhibition with VE-822 suppressed liposarcoma cell growth, proliferation, migration, colony-forming ability, and spheroid growth. Importantly, ATR inhibition significantly and synergistically enhanced liposarcoma cell line chemosensitivity to doxorubicin. Our findings support ATR as critical to liposarcoma proliferation and doxorubicin resistance. Therefore, the addition of ATR inhibition to a standard doxorubicin regimen is a potential treatment strategy for liposarcoma. 相似文献
44.
Acute otomastoiditis and its complications: role of CT 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
Acute bacterial (suppurative) otomastoiditis responds to antibiotic treatment; radiologic study is required only when there is clinical suggestion of coalescent mastoiditis, intracranial complications, or an underlying chronic disease. Computed tomography (CT) is the method of choice for evaluating otogenic intra- or extra-cranial complications. CT scans can show stages of disease progression when infection has spread by way of soft tissue, blood, and bone pathways into the dural venous sinuses, meninges, labyrinth, facial nerves, epidural and other intracranial spaces. When there is clinical suggestion of acute coalescent mastoiditis, a CT scan of the temporal bone can confirm the presence of rarefying osteitis, coalescence of the air cells, and subperiosteal abscess. 相似文献
45.
Megumi Oshima Meg J. Jardine Rajiv Agarwal George Bakris Christopher P. Cannon David M. Charytan Dick de Zeeuw Robert Edwards Tom Greene Adeera Levin Soo Kun Lim Kenneth W. Mahaffey Bruce Neal Carol Pollock Norman Rosenthal David C. Wheeler Hong Zhang Bernard Zinman Hiddo J.L. Heerspink 《Kidney international》2021,99(4):999-1009
46.
47.
Sprague Rebecca Warny Karolyne Pollock Nira Daugherty Kaitlyn Lin Qianyun Xu Hua Cuddemi Christine Barrett Caitlin Chen Xinhua Banz Alice Lantz Aude Garey Kevin W. Gonzales-Luna Anne J. Alonso Carolyn D. Galvez Javier A. Villafuerte Kelly Ciarán P. 《Digestive diseases and sciences》2021,66(10):3303-3306
Digestive Diseases and Sciences - Clostridioides difficile infection (CDI) is caused by Toxins A and B, secreted from pathogenic strains of C. difficle. This infection can vary greatly in symptom... 相似文献
48.
David G. Oppenheimer Mary A. Pollock Joshua Vacik Daniel B. Szymanski Brad Ericson Ken Feldmann M. David Marks 《Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America》1997,94(12):6261-6266
Little is known about how cell shape is controlled. We are using the morphogenesis of trichomes (plant hairs) on the plant Arabidopsis thaliana as a model to study how cell shape is controlled. Wild-type Arabidopsis trichomes are large, single epidermal cells with a stalk and three or four branches, whereas in zwichel (zwi) mutants the trichomes have a shortened stalk and only two branches. To further understand the role of the ZWI gene in trichome morphogenesis we have cloned the wild-type ZWICHEL (ZWI) gene by T-DNA tagging, and report here that it encodes a member of the kinesin superfamily of microtubule motor proteins. Kinesin proteins transport diverse cellular materials in a directional manner along microtubules. Kinesin-like proteins are characterized by a highly conserved “head” region that comprises the motor domain, and a nonconserved “tail” region that is thought to participate in recognition and binding of the appropriate cargo. 相似文献
49.
Background
The intensive care nursing workforce plays an essential role in the achievement of positive healthcare outcomes. A growing body of evidence indicates that inadequate nurse staffing and poor skill mix are associated with negative outcomes for patients, and potentially compromises nurses’ ability to maintain the safety of those in their care. In Australia, the Australian College of Critical Care Nurses (ACCCN) has previously published a position statement on intensive care staffing. There was a need for a stronger more evidence based document to support the intensive nursing workforce.Objectives
To undertake a systematic and evidence review of the evidence related to intensive care nurse staffing and quality of care, and determine evidence-based professional standards for the intensive care nursing workforce in Australia.Methods
The National Health and Medical Research Council standard for clinical practice guidelines methodology was employed. The English language literature, for the years 2000-2015 was searched. Draft standards were developed and then peer- and consumer-reviewed.Results
A total of 553 articles was retrieved from the initial searches. Following evaluation, 231 articles met the inclusion criteria and were assessed for quality using established criteria. This evidence was used as the basis for the development of ten workforce standards, and to establish the overall level of evidence in support of each standard. All draft standards and their subsections were supported multi-professionally (median score >6) and by consumers (85–100% agreement). Following minor revisions, independent appraisal using the AGREE II tool indicated that the standards were developed with a high degree of rigour.Conclusion
The ACCCN intensive care nursing nurse workforce standards are the first to be developed using a robust, evidence-based process. The standards represent the optimal nurse workforce to achieve the best patient outcomes and to maintain a sustainable intensive care nursing workforce for Australia. 相似文献50.
Desmond A. Brown Benjamin T. Himes Brittny T. Major Benjamin F. Mundell Ravi Kumar Bruce Kall Fredric B. Meyer Michael J. Link Bruce E. Pollock John D. Atkinson Jamie J. Van Gompel W. Richard Marsh Giuseppe Lanzino Mohamad Bydon Ian F. Parney 《Mayo Clinic proceedings. Mayo Clinic》2018,93(1):16-24