Assessment of fetal circulation in the late first trimester--preliminary study

OBJECTIVES: to confirm that fetal echocardiography is indeed possible in late first trimester and that it improves the standard of the so-called "genetic" ultrasound scan. MATERIAL AND METHODS: Early echocardiography was performed in 75 fetuses from high and low risk pregnancies. All fetuses underwent echocardiography examination in 18-22 weeks of gestation and established follow up. RESULTS: The most suitable method of visualization seems to be transabdominal examination, between 13.0-13.6 weeks of gestation, an transvaginal one, between 12.0-12.6 weeks of gestation, with 90% effectiveness. In researched group of 75 fetuses (with established follow up) there were four heart defects (5.3%). Three of them were diagnosed before 14th week of gestation. One case (tetralogy of Fallot) was overlooked. There were two false positive diagnosis verified at 20th week of gestation. CONCLUSIONS: Early echocardiography, especially between 12.0-13.6 weeks of gestation, is a possible and valuable method of diagnosis. Reference evaluation should be performed between 18 and 22 weeks of gestation. In cases with suspected anomalies karyotyping is recommended. Congenital heart disease diagnosed at late first trimester should be treated as the next potential marker of genetic disorder.     

Thromboembolic diseases in pregnancy

In pregnancy, thromboembolic complications are six times more frequent than in nonpregnant women. Maternal age, idiopathic or secondary thrombosis in the patients history, the mode of delivery, bed rest and / or obesity as well as the thrombophilic defects are considerable factors for an increased risk of deep vein thrombosis (DVT) and pulmonary embolism (PE). Compared to unfractionated heparins (UFHs) prophylactic treatment relies mainly on low molecular weight heparins (LMWHs) which safety is now well established in pregnant women. In view of their multiple side effects oral anticoagulants such as cumarine or aspirin are contraindicated or of subordinate importance. The procedures to exclude DVT follow the usual diagnostic algorithms considering maximum radiation protection in case of further apparative diagnostics. Although there are reported good experiences with LMWHs in the treatment of DVT, UFHs are still the preferred drugs in this clinical condition. Insufficient heparin treatment or impending postthrombotic complications may be reasons for additional therapies like thrombolysis or operative thrombectomy.     

Gamma-glutamyltransferase in Morris hepatomas 5123D passaged in Buffalo and in F1 (Buffalo x Wistar) rats

Comparative biochemical and immunological investigations were performed on purified gamma-glutamyltransferase from the Morris hepatoma 5123D and from the 5123D/AS variant passaged in F1 (Buffalo x Wistar) rats. The enzyme was also localized in hepatoma sections by immunofluorescent technique. The obtained results confirm the hypothesis that low gamma-glutamyltransferase activity in Morris hepatoma 5123D/AS is caused by the enzymatic protein defficiency and not by the inhibition of the enzyme.     

Das Senear-Usher-Syndrom

Ohne ZusammenfassungMit 16 Textabbildungen     

Pneumothorax und Lungen?dem

Zusammenfassung Es gelingt nicht, das Ausbrechen des Adrenalinlungen?dems beim Kaninchen oder des Phosgenlungen?dems beim Meerschweinchen durch Anlegen eines Pneumothorax zu verhindern.     

Der Bezold-Effekt — Eine Vergessene Kreislaufreaktion

Ohne Zusammenfassung