用能量零平衡方法研究中国南方轻体力劳动健康成人的适宜能量摄入量

目的调查和分析中国南方轻体力劳动成人维持能量零平衡的膳食能量摄入水平。方法随机抽样选择32名从事轻体力劳动的南方健康成人(18～45岁)作为研究对象,在2个月内取相等间隔时间观察所选对象进餐情况和体重变化(使观察日覆盖星期一到星期天)。通过食物称重法准确记录各对象食堂内用餐情况,并用24小时回顾法收集各对象食堂外所摄入食物。用《中国食物成分表2002》计算各对象平均每天实际能量摄入量,并结合体重变化,使用能量平衡原理进行校正。结果总体对象维持能量零平衡的能量平均摄入量为(8.895±1.535)MJ/d,其中男性(10.070±1.150)MJ/d,女性(7.719±0.765)MJ/d。结论通过连续2个月内相等间隔时间称重记录进餐所有食物的净摄入量和体重变化来分析轻体力劳动成人能量零平衡时的能量摄入量,该方法简便经济、有效可行。     

2009-2011年吉林长白口岸中朝边境啮齿动物及其感染汉坦病毒跨境调查研究

目的 调查吉林中朝边境口岸地区啮齿动物及其体表寄生虫的种类、构成和携带汉坦病毒的情况.方法 2009年至2011年,在吉林省长白口岸和朝鲜惠山口岸地区,以夹夜法捕鼠,梳刷法采集鼠体表寄生虫,取鼠血、肺、肝、肾、脾脏组织.采集样本送中国检验检疫科学研究院做汉坦病毒抗原检测.结果 在吉林长白口岸地区共捕获啮齿动物336只,隶属于1目2科6属9种,其中黑线姬鼠为优势鼠种,占捕鼠总数的67.26％;检蚤302匹,染蚤率为28.87％,蚤指数为0.90;检螨978只,染螨率为61.90％,螨指数为2.91;获得有效样本190份,检出汉坦病毒阳性7份,阳性率为3.68％.在朝鲜惠山口岸地区共捕获啮齿动物96只,隶属于1目3科4属5种,其中褐家鼠为优势鼠种,占捕鼠总数的79.17％;检蚤141匹,染蚤率为53.13％,蚤指数为1.47;检螨153只,染螨率为51.04％,螨指数为1.59;获得有效样本96份,检出汉坦病毒阳性10份,阳性率为10.42％.结论 应进一步加强中朝边境长白口岸地区啮齿动物防治和鼠类肾综合征出血热监测,防止肾综合征出血热的传播和流行.     

转Xa21基因大米亚慢性毒性实验

目的　观察Xa2 1转基因大米对大鼠的亚慢性毒性损害。方法　将Wistar大鼠按性别体重随机分为转基因大米组、非转基因大米组和AIN93G正常对照组。分别饲相应饲料 90天 ,自由进食。观察大鼠体重、身长、血常规、血生化、脏器重量、骨密度和脏器的病理学检查。结果　与非转基因大米组相比 ,实验中期转基因大米组血糖降低 ,胆固醇和高密度脂蛋白升高 ,实验结束时上述差异消失 ,但雌性组谷草转氨酶活性显著升高。与AIN93G正常对照组相比 ,实验中期转基因大米组体重、甘油三酯、高密度脂蛋白显著增高 ,血糖降低 ;实验结束时上述差异消失。脑、心、脾、肺、肾、胃、十二指肠、肾上腺、睾丸、卵巢病理检查未见异常。结论　现有实验结果不能证实转基因大米对大鼠有亚慢性毒性作用     

抗氧化微量营养素对IDDM小鼠抗氧化损伤的实验研究

目的:研究复合抗氧化微量营养素(antioxidative micronutrients,AM)拮抗IDDM小鼠氧化侵袭损害的作用机制。方法:用一次大剂量注射2%四氧嘧啶(alloxan)的方法制备IDDM小鼠模型,联合给予硒(Se)、维生素E(VE)、钒(V)、铬(Cr),测定脾活性氧(ROS)水平以及心、脑、肾中MDA含量和GSH-Px、SOD、GSH-ST活性。结果:IDDM小鼠脾ROS水平以及心、脑MDA含量明显增高(P<0.01),而肾中SOD活性明显降低(P<0.01);联合应用AM可降低IDDM小鼠脾ROS水平及心、脑MDA含量,并提高心GSH-Px、肾SOD及心、肾GSH-ST活性。结论:联合应用AM可在一定程度上拮抗IDDM时的氧化侵袭损害,对防治糖尿病微血管病变以及并发症有重要意义。     

二羧乙基锗倍半氧化物（Ge－132）对肝枯否细胞免疫及酶活性的影响

探讨了二羧乙基锗倍半氧化物（Ｇｅ－１３２）对肝枯否细胞免疫及酶活性的影响，二羧乙基锗倍半氧化物在体外实验中明显地对抗四氯化碳对大鼠肝枯否细胞的损害、明显增加花环形成率、吞噬率及吞噬指数，而且显著增加过氧化物小体、过氧化物酶、琥珀酸脱氢酶活性．实验结果表明，四氯化碳可以损伤肝枯否细胞，二羧乙基锗倍半氧化物（Ｇｅ－１３２）可保护和修补四氯化碳的细胞损伤．     

Monotropein Improves Dexamethasone-Induced Muscle Atrophy via the AKT/mTOR/FOXO3a Signaling Pathways

The present study aimed to investigate the effects of monotropein (MON) on improving dexamethasone (DEX)-induced muscle atrophy in mice and C2C12 mouse skeletal muscle cells. The body weights, grip strengths, and muscle weights of mice were assessed. The histological change in the gastrocnemius tissues was also observed through H&E staining. The expression of myosin heavy chain (MyHC), muscle ring finger 1 (MuRF1), and muscle atrophy F-box (Atrogin1) and the phosphorylation of AKT, mTOR, and FOXO3a in the muscle tissues of mice and C2C12 myotubes were analyzed using Western blotting. MON improved muscle atrophy in mice and C2C12 myotubes by regulating catabolic states via the AKT/mTOR/FOXO3a signaling pathways, and enhanced muscle function by the increases of muscle mass and strength in mice. This suggests that MON could be used for the prevention and treatment of muscle atrophy in patients.     

Dietary Micronutrient Status and Relation between Micronutrient Intakes and Overweight and Obesity among Non-Pregnant and Non-Lactating Women Aged 18 to 49 in China

Women between the ages of 18 and 49 are women of reproductive age, for whom physical health and nutritional status are closely related to successful pregnancy, good pregnancy outcomes and the nurturing of the next generation. Overweight and obesity have become important nutrition and health problems of women aged 18–49 years in China. In social life, non-pregnant and non-lactating Chinese women aged 18–49 are the most vulnerable and neglected group. At present, there are no research data on their dietary micronutrient intake, and the relationship between dietary micronutrient intake and overweight and obesity in China. However, non-pregnant and non-lactating women aged 18–49 are the best window of opportunity to implement strategies, correct nutrition and improve physical health. It remains to be explored whether their overweight and obesity are related to inadequate dietary micronutrient intake. The aim of this study was to evaluate dietary micronutrient intake in non-pregnant and non-lactating Chinese women aged 18–49 years, and to analyze the relationship between dietary micronutrient intake and overweight and obesity. Data were obtained from 2015 China Adult Chronic Disease and Nutrition Surveillance (CACDNS 2015). In CACDNS 2015, 12,872 women aged 18 to 49 years (excluding pregnant women and lactating mothers) were surveyed for a three-day 24 h dietary recall and a three-day household weighing of edible oil and condiments. The average daily dietary intake of micronutrients was calculated according to the Chinese food composition table. In 2015, the median intake of vitamin A, vitamin B₁, vitamin B₂, vitamin C and folate in non-pregnant and non-lactating women aged 18–49 years in China was 267.0 μg RE/day, 0.7 mg/day, 0.6 mg/day, 63.5 mg/day and 121.0 μg/day, respectively. The median mean intake of vitamin A, niacin, calcium and zinc in overweight/obese group was lower than that in non-overweight/obese group, and the difference was statistically significant (p < 0.05). Multivariate Logistic regression analysis showed that vitamin A intake (Q3 vs. Q1: OR = 0.785, 95% CI: 0.702~0.878; Q4 vs. Q1: OR = 0.766, 95% CI: 0.679~0.865), niacin intake (Q2 vs. Q1: OR = 0.801, 95% CI: 0.715–0.898; Q3 vs. Q1: OR = 0.632, 95% CI: 0.554~0.721; Q4 vs. Q1: OR = 0.662, 95% CI: 0.568~0.772), Zinc intake (Q4 vs. Q1: OR = 0.786, 95% CI: 0.662~0.932) were a protective factor for overweight/obesity in women, while vitamin B₂ intake (Q2 vs. Q1: OR = 1.256, 95% CI: 1.120~1.408; Q3 vs. Q1: OR = 1.416, 95% CI: 1.240~1.617; Q4 vs. Q1: OR = 1.515, 95% CI: 1.293–1.776), vitamin E intake (Q2 vs. Q1: OR = 1.114, 95% CI: 1.006–0.235; Q3 vs. Q1: OR = 1.162, 95% CI: 1.048~0.288; Q4 vs. Q1: OR = 1.234, 95% CI: 1.112–1.371) was a risk factor for overweight/obesity in females. The intakes of most dietary micronutrients in non-pregnant and non-lactating women aged 18–49 in China were low. The intakes of dietary vitamin A, niacin and zinc were negatively correlated with the risk of overweight/obesity, while the intakes of vitamin B₂ and vitamin E were positively correlated with the risk of overweight/obesity.     

人发角蛋白导管修复周围神经缺损的实验研究

目的 探索用人发角蛋白（HHK）制成的导管对大段缺损的周围神经的修复效果。方法 将25只新西兰兔分成3组，对照组不接受手术；另2组切除胫神10mm，分别用缝合线（无HHK组）和HHK导管（HHK组）连接神经两断功能恢复快，解剖观察发现，神经两断端之间以及HHK导管的腔隙被白色新生组织充满，人发部分消失，残余的人发易脆易断。在光镜下可见人发周围大量再生的雪旺细胞和较幼稚的神经纤维，神经纤维无序 排列，人发被初步降解，术后1年，人发被完全降解。神经缺损部位修复完好。结论 HHK导管可诱导神经纤维再生，跨过10mm的缺损间隙，从而修复神经缺损，HHK是制作神经导管的较为理想的材料。     

在体组织工程新概念

基于对人发角蛋白(HHK)人工腱长达10余年的实验和临床应用研究的结果．我们提出了在体组织工程化肌腱的概念,即HHK人工腱及其降解产物能诱导周围组织内的成腱干细胞增殖、分化为腱细胞并刺激其他细胞分泌某些细胞因子参与调节,最终形成自体腱。我们在实验中还发现,HHK植入损伤骨组织、神经组织和肌组织后在原位构建出相应的组织。从而进一步提出“在体组织工程”新的理论体系。它是指可吸收性生物支架材料植入体内后．通过材料本身及其降解产物激活周围组织自身的成体干细胞分裂、增殖、分化．并在体内生理条件下与基质材料达到最佳的有机融合,并最终完成替代基质材料形成在解剖、组织学意义上与自体组织几乎完全一致的结构。从而在体内完成构建完整的组织工程化组织或器官的过程。在体组织工程不仅利用体内微环境和体内精细的调节机制“在体培养”种子细胞．消除了现行组织工程化组织或器官(传统组织工程)中种子细胞的排斥反应、变异和功能退化及复杂的保存、运输和高额费用等问题,最重要的是更贴近临床需要。不仅有巨大的临床应用潜能,而且尚具有重要的理论价值。