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951.
952.
953.
Dilated fallopian tubes: MR imaging characteristics 总被引:5,自引:1,他引:4
Outwater EK; Siegelman ES; Chiowanich P; Kilger AM; Dunton CJ; Talerman A 《Radiology》1998,208(2):463
954.
Adherence to bisphosphonates and hormone replacement therapy in a tertiary care setting of patients in the CANDOO database 总被引:11,自引:8,他引:3
Alexandra Papaioannou George Ioannidis Jonathan D. Adachi Rolf J. Sebaldt Nicole Ferko Mark Puglia Jacques Brown Alan Tenenhouse Wojciech P. Olszynski Pauline Boulos David A. Hanley Robert Josse Timothy M. Murray Annie Petrie Charlie H. Goldsmith 《Osteoporosis international》2003,14(10):808-813
Therapies for osteoporosis must be taken for at least 1 year to be effective. The purpose of this study was to determine the difference in adherence to etidronate, alendronate and hormone replacement therapy in a group of patients seen at our tertiary care centres. The Canadian Database of Osteoporosis and Osteopenia (CANDOO), a prospective observational database designed to capture clinical data, was searched for patients who started therapy following entry into CANDOO. There were 1196 initiating etidronate, 477 alendronate and 294 hormone replacement therapy women and men aged (mean, SD) 65.8 (8.7) years in the study. A Cox proportional hazards regression model was used to assess differences between treatment groups in the time to discontinuation of therapy. Several potential covariates such as anthropometry, medications, illnesses, fractures and lifestyle factors were entered into the model. A forward selection technique was used to generate the final model. Hazard ratios and 95% confidence intervals (CI) were calculated. Adjusted results indicated that alendronate-treated patients were more likely to discontinue therapy as compared with etidronate-treated patients (1.404; 95% CI: 1.150, 1.714). After 1 year, 90.3% of patients were still taking etidronate compared with 77.6% for alendronate. No statistically significant differences were found between hormone replacement therapy and etidronate users (0.971; 95% CI: 0.862, 1.093) and hormone replacement therapy and alendronate users (0.824; 95% CI: 0.624, 1.088) after controlling for potential covariates. After 1 year, 80.1% of patients were still taking hormone replacement therapy, which decreased to 44.5% after 6 years. Increasing age and presence of incident non-vertebral fractures were found to be independent predictors of adherence. In conclusion, alendronate users were more likely to discontinue therapy than etidronate users over the follow-up period. Potential barriers to long-term patient adherence to osteoporosis therapies need to be evaluated. 相似文献
955.
The thymus performs several essential functions during the steady-state production of T lymphocytes in adults, including expansion of the precursor pool, differentiation into multiple lineages and screening for TCRs with restricted specificities. Other than those functions attributed to the TCR, most of the factors that control these processes remain undefined. One potential mechanism for such control may be related to the movement of precursor cells between distinct anatomical compartments in the thymus. Histological studies show that the majority of CD4- CD8- cells are found in the subcapsular region. However; vascular tissues that support the migration of precursor cells into the thymus (postcapillary venules) are located deep in the tissue, near the cortico-medullary junction. This implies that blood-borne cells entering the thymus must transit outward across the cortex in order to accumulate in the SCR. Differentiation of DN cells into the CD4+ 8+ stage correlates with a reversal in polarity and migration inward, while mature cells ultimately transit the CMJ in the opposite direction of cells first entering the organ. Here we review evidence for a model in which differentiation is induced and proliferation is controlled by this progressive translocation of immature precursors through discrete stromal compartments. In addition, we attempt to summarize what is known about the molecular mechanisms that may support polarized migration of early CD4- 8- thymocytes in the adult, as well as how and where the relevant differentiative and/or proliferative signals may be compartmentalized. 相似文献
956.
Background and Purpose
In small arteries, small conductance Ca2+-activated K+ channels (SKCa) and intermediate conductance Ca2+-activated K+ channels (IKCa) restricted to the vascular endothelium generate hyperpolarization that underpins the NO- and PGI2-independent, endothelium-derived hyperpolarizing factor response that is the predominate endothelial mechanism for vasodilatation. As neuronal IKCa channels can be negatively regulated by PKA, we investigated whether β-adrenoceptor stimulation, which signals through cAMP/PKA, might influence endothelial cell hyperpolarization and as a result modify the associated vasodilatation.Experimental Approach
Rat isolated small mesenteric arteries were pressurized to measure vasodilatation and endothelial cell [Ca2+]i, mounted in a wire myograph to measure smooth muscle membrane potential or dispersed into endothelial cell sheets for membrane potential recording.Key Results
Intraluminal perfusion of β-adrenoceptor agonists inhibited endothelium-dependent dilatation to ACh (1 nM–10 μM) without modifying the associated changes in endothelial cell [Ca2+]i. The inhibitory effect of β-adrenoceptor agonists was mimicked by direct activation of adenylyl cyclase with forskolin, blocked by the β-adrenoceptor antagonists propranolol (non-selective), atenolol (β1) or the PKA inhibitor KT-5720, but remained unaffected by ICI 118 551 (β2) or glibenclamide (ATP-sensitive K+ channels channel blocker). Endothelium-dependent hyperpolarization to ACh was also inhibited by β-adrenoceptor stimulation in both intact arteries and in endothelial cells sheets. Blocking IKCa {with 1 μM 1-[(2-chlorophenyl)diphenylmethyl]-1H-pyrazole (TRAM-34)}, but not SKCa (50 nM apamin) channels prevented β-adrenoceptor agonists from suppressing either hyperpolarization or vasodilatation to ACh.Conclusions and Implications
In resistance arteries, endothelial cell β1-adrenoceptors link to inhibit endothelium-dependent hyperpolarization and the resulting vasodilatation to ACh. This effect appears to reflect inhibition of endothelial IKCa channels and may be one consequence of raised circulating catecholamines. 相似文献957.
958.
David Carrick Keith G. Oldroyd Margaret McEntegart Caroline Haig Mark C. Petrie Hany Eteiba Stuart Hood Colum Owens Stuart Watkins Jamie Layland Mitchell Lindsay Eileen Peat Alan Rae Miles Behan Arvind Sood W. Stewart Hillis Ify Mordi Ahmed Mahrous Nadeem Ahmed Rebekah Wilson Laura Lasalle Philippe Généreux Ian Ford Colin Berry 《Journal of the American College of Cardiology》2014
959.
960.
Somdutta Roy Philippe Gascard Nancy Dumont Jianxin Zhao Deng Pan Sarah Petrie Marta Margeta Thea D. Tlsty 《Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America》2013,110(12):4598-4603
We identified cell surface markers associated with repression of p16INK4a/cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitor 2A(CDKN2A), a critical determinant in the acquisition of a plastic state. These cell surface markers allowed direct isolation of rare cells from healthy human breast tissue that exhibit extensive lineage plasticity. This subpopulation is poised to transcribe plasticity markers, OCT3/4, SOX2, and NANOG, at levels similar to those measured in human embryonic stem cells and to acquire a plastic state sensitive to environmental programming. In vitro, in vivo, and teratoma assays demonstrated that either a directly sorted (uncultured) or a single-cell (clonogenic) cell population from primary tissue can differentiate into functional derivatives of each germ layer, ectodermal, endodermal, and mesodermal. In contrast to other cells that express OCT3/4, SOX2, and NANOG, these human endogenous plastic somatic cells are mortal, express low telomerase activity, expand for an extensive but finite number of population doublings, and maintain a diploid karyotype before arresting in G1. 相似文献